Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and MeSH | Investigación Bibliotecológica: Archivonomía, Bibliotecología e Información

array:24 ["pii" => "S0187358X16300326" "issn" => "0187358X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "72" "copyrightAnyo" => "2016" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Investigación Bibliotecológica: Bibliometría, Archivonomía e Información. 2016;30 Supl :109-23" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1472 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 37 "HTML" => 1130 "PDF" => 305 ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0187358X16300338" "issn" => "0187358X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "73" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Investigación Bibliotecológica: Bibliometría, Archivonomía e Información. 2016;30 Supl :125-53" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 820 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 37 "HTML" => 583 "PDF" => 200 ] ] "en" => array:11 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Publishing output in the field of didactics of the Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica: A diagnosis on the basis of the content model of industry" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "125" "paginaFinal" => "153" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "La producción editorial didáctica de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica: un diagnóstico a partir del modelo de industrias de contenidos" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Jenny Teresita Guerra González" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Jenny Teresita" "apellidos" => "Guerra González" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16300338?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300338/v1_201606210024/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0187358X16300314" "issn" => "0187358X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "71" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Investigación Bibliotecológica: Bibliometría, Archivonomía e Información. 2016;30 Supl :91-107" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 643 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 39 "HTML" => 411 "PDF" => 193 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "A case study of knowledge organization patterns within Curricular Information Systems" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "91" "paginaFinal" => "107" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Patrones para la organización del conocimiento en los Sistemas de Información Curricular. Un caso de estudio" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1411 "Ancho" => 2357 "Tamanyo" => 285951 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "CV fields that are updated with research results Source: Armas, Diaz and Giraldes, 2008." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Soleidy Rivero Amador, Maidelyn Díaz Pérez, María José López Huertas Pérez, Dayron Armas Peñas" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Soleidy" "apellidos" => "Rivero Amador" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maidelyn" "apellidos" => "Díaz Pérez" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María José López" "apellidos" => "Huertas Pérez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Dayron" "apellidos" => "Armas Peñas" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16300314?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300314/v1_201606210024/en/main.assets" ] "asociados" => array:1 [ 0 => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0187358X16000071" "issn" => "0187358X" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.02.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01" "aid" => "6" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Investigación Bibliotecológica: Bibliometría, Archivonomía e Información. 2016;30:109-23" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 1519 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 46 "HTML" => 1083 "PDF" => 390 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Métodos y tendencias de recuperación de información biomédica y genómica basados en las relaciones semánticas de los tesauros y los MeSH" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "123" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and MeSH" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figura 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2132 "Ancho" => 2471 "Tamanyo" => 447859 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "Ejemplificación del funcionamiento de la propuesta de CISMeF. Fuente: <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Douyère et al., 2004</a>: 255." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Ariel Antonio Morán Reyes, Catalina Naumis Peña" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ariel Antonio Morán" "apellidos" => "Reyes" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Catalina Naumis" "apellidos" => "Peña" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16000071?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/0187358X/0000003000000068/v1_201603150637/S0187358X16000071/v1_201603150637/es/main.assets" ] ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and MeSH" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "123" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Ariel Antonio Morán Reyes, Catalina Naumis Peña" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Ariel Antonio" "apellidos" => "Morán Reyes" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "a.moran@comunidad.unam.mx" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Catalina" "apellidos" => "Naumis Peña" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "naumis@unam.mx" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Posgrado en Bibliotecología y Estudios de la Información, unam, México" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información de la unam, México" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Métodos y tendencias de recuperación de información biomédica y genómica basados en las relaciones semánticas de los tesauros y los MeSH" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1701 "Ancho" => 2599 "Tamanyo" => 348980 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "UMLS Meta-thesaurus Interface." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "INTRODUCTIONThe Medical Subject Headings (mesh) is a body of terms put together by the National Library of Medicine (nlm) of the United States of America. Through the PubMed free access search engine, these lexical units are used to index and retrieve documents in the fields of biomedicine, genomic science and associated areas of knowledge from the citation and abstracts data bases. Both resources are also offered by nlm. PubMed offered a wide variety of notably efficient automated tools (PubMed Tools), including BioSample, Assembly and Genome and others. Genome, for example, organizes information from the area of genomics and includes sequences, maps, graphic representations of chromosomes and annotations by means of three main procedures. Each of these tools employs a distinct information retrieval method. In the case of Genome, thesauri structures have proven to be the most effective representation of information for the purpose of retrieval (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Chute, 2005</a>). Nonetheless, in recent years other methods and approaches have been proposed that seek to expand the possibilities of indexing and consultation of documents, though without abandoning the use of mesh (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Bodenreider, Rindflesch and Burgun, 2002</a>: 54).Several of these proposals rely on the fact that most of the terms have several denominations. For example, phytomenadione is a synonym of vitamin K, and dihydroxyacetone phosphate is also know by the anagram dhap. It is also common to see the use of apocope, such as cocidioidosis for coccidioidomycosis. Moreover, they may be acceptable alternate spellings of concepts (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Zweigenbaum and Grabar, 2004</a>). While a search is generally perform using only a single terms, this method enriches the search criteria with derivations and alternate names for the concept sought. When there are a variety of names for a given concept, this does not mean that one is deemed correct at the expense of others. In the field of genomics, for example, synonymous terms are used in distinct contextual situations. A text retrieved from a public health science journal is not the same as that retrieved from a genomic map of cancer published in a highly specialized journal. Both documents are scientific in nature, but their respective outlooks are quite distinct, and they are targeted at different readership and satisfy different informational needs. Similarly, an academic discussion in an article on ascorbic acid (c6h8o6) is not the same thing as an informative blurb on vitamin c, even though the substance being discussed is the same chemical. Clearly, in such a case, the writers’ respective purposes are very different.RETRIEVAL APPROACHES USING STRUCTURE OF A THESAURUSThe degree of specificity and the community are not the only criteria for distinguishing between the diverse uses of a term. bireme [Latin America and Caribbean Center of Health Information], which was first founded in 1967 as the Regional Library of Medicine with the support of the World Health Organization (who), developed the Health Science Descriptors (hsd) based on mesh, incorporating Spanish and Portuguese terms from the fields of homeopathy and sanitary oversight fields, as well as terms in English. This vocabulary supports the Virtual Health Library (vhl) and lilacs, which is the most important health index in Latin America and the Caribbean. There are communities, such as the Francophone, that do not choose to use medical headings and are more inclined to use names that diverge from those authorized by nlm. This happens in part because of the linguistic play of daily life and the adoption of the lexicon of the community. It is likely in such a case, that we would be speaking about folksonomies (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Zweigenbaum et al., 2003</a>). For example, the Catalogue et Index des Sites Médicaux de Langue Française (cismef) uses mesh and other vocabularies with metadata, which can exploit the rigor of the controlled vocabulary in conjunction with social cataloguing alternatives gathered from the community (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Deacon, Smith and Tow, 2001</a>). Some authors, such as Mary Rajathei David and Selvaraj Samuel, have proposed the Frequent Nearer Terms of the Domain (fntd) designed by Pubmed, as a method of retrieving information more efficiently. Such terms may or may not be authorized by nlm, and include derivations. The key criteria is that they are terms genuinely employed on a daily basis in the medical community (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Rajathei David and Samuel, 2012</a>: 20).The editorial aim of cismef is to establish precise descriptions of documents largely on the basis of modified or improved of mesh. It constantly explores new descriptive approaches for retrieval of medical information (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Kerdelhué, 2007</a>). Some cismef contributors, working in the University Hospital of Rouen and led by Magaly Douyère, have attempted to adapt the broader, more general medical terminology used on the internet, instead of first resorting to scientific articles in the medline bibliographic base data. As already stated, cismef employs two standard tools to organize information: mesh and several subsets of Dublin Core metadata. The heterogeneous nature of online health information resources, however, led the cismef team to look for ways to improve mesh, first by designing a random algorithm assigning certain values to semantic links (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">Névéol et al., 2004</a>), quite exhaustive but insufficient; and then by introducing the concepts of resource type and meta-terms. A resource type describes the nature of the document, not only the topic, as it happens with key words and mesh based qualifiers. A meta-term is often a broad term, such as the name of a discipline or medical treatment, offering semantic connections between mesh and the types of resources. cismef offers simple and advanced search options. The simple search requires the user to enter a single term or expression. This is complemented by a complete text search. The advanced search option performs complex searches with a combination of Boolean operators emplyed with meta-terms, key words, alternate names and resource types. This approach combines two tools to perform the search, i.e., mesh and the Dublin Core metadata format. As such, the documents are described jointly with the two tools. As such, documents are described with title, author or creator, topic, key words, description, editors, date, resource type, format, identifier and language (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Darmoni et al., 2001</a>: 167).Bundschus and colleagues at the University of Munich and the company Siemens have opted for the term meta-information, which they use to complement the information, instead of the explicit distinction between the types of resources and the meta-terms used in France. The question is that by enriching medical information systems by including new documents while indexing with mesh terms, descriptions can be completed with this additional information: “This meta-information provides a rich source of knowledge that can be exploited in order to discover biomedical knowledge and data mining tasks” (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bundschus et al., 2008</a>: 11). Bundschus adds:The term/concept model discovers new information from a set of biomedical texts, including the extraction of the structure of the concept of a hidden topic, using all of the mesh terms that concur within that subset […]. In contrast to standard topic models, in which the topics are represented exclusively by the most likely words, the topic-concept can be interpreted as a richer topic representations, especially by the link to mesh concepts. As such, this enriched topic representation provides important additional information as a terminological ontology (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bundschus et al., 2008</a>: 18).The Bundschus sciencometrics team has also explored applications such as extraction of statistical relationships between generic topics and mesh terms for the purpose of automated extraction of information (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Leydesdorff, Rotolo and Rafols, 2012</a>). In accord with proposals that do not circumscribe searches to authorized terms, two Spanish research projects show that gene accoas has nine alternate names in the biomedical literature, all of which are registered in the main human genome catalogue, the Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man (omim) as follows: cg9390, acetato-coenzima-A-ligasa, acetil-coa sintetasa, acetil coa sintasa, Acetil coa sintasa, acs, Acetil-coa synthasa, Acetil coa sintetasa, and best:-gh2840 (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Galveza and Moya-Anegón, 2006</a>: 345). On the basis of this example, the operation of the cismef proposal can be shown (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>cismef's efforts to renovate mesh is not new. In the early years of the twenty-first century, the Gesundheitsinformationsnetz Österreich (Austrian Health Information Network, gin), offered information to patients (identified as knowledge consumers), regarding not only preventive medicine, but also reliable medical information regarding illnesses, well-being and easily understood instructions for management of illness and access to information to better understand diagnoses. The system also provides specific data on the Austrian health system and organizations. Even though the description by gin were initially controlled by the mesh thesaurus, it was observed that users often did use scientific terms and expressions to understand their diagnoses. For this reason, they tried to match colloquial terminology to the more rigorous terminology using the vectorial method, in such a way that users were able to use the information system (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">Göbel et al., 2001</a>: 242-244). Like the cismef, they used the informatics algorithm to perform automated searches, in this case the Floyd-Marshall algorithm.Meanwhile, the Dutch researchers <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Radu Serban and Annette ten Teije (2009)</a> favor the controlled vocabulary as an information representation and retrieval tool, believing that its structure should not be modified, nor should its specialized vocabulary be alternated with a more colloquial lexicon. In contrast, Edgar Meij and his group of archivists at the University of Amsterdam assert that the best method for retrieving information should be based on complex relationships of a controlled vocabulary. They hold that each descriptive record of a mesh term must be equal to a document on that term (and not that a term be equal to a document or that it should retrieve several documents). With this idea, it would be inadmissible to discard an immense variety of alternate names for a term that are useful for the expansion of the methods of information retrieval and are more effective representation of a document than that supplied by mesh alone (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">Meij et al., 2005; Nelson, Johnson and Humphreys, 2001: 177</a>).In the case of a Swiss epistemic community, the particular terminology of a group of researchers is used, specifically that of the Swiss-Prot Group (a question that often concerns such communities). This research group alternates the use of mesh with their particular terminology in order to make search more reliable (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Mottaz, 2006</a>: 18). More than ten years ago, Dieuwke Brand-de Heer adduced:[…] medline certainly does not cover “the totality” of medical literature. Other data bases contain additional information; for example, Excerpta Medica also covers medical topics. Moreover, for some fields these alternative data bases behave better than medline, for example in pharmacology. There is also biosis previas, which contains additional relevant information for doctors not included in medline (2001: 112).The Slovenian specialist in medical literature Tomaz Bartol holds that the use of broader terms is useful, because it improves the retrieval of relevant documents. He recently performed a study on the information on herbal medicine, arguing that:In our study, we have placed special emphasis on the importance of the question of co-occurrence of different terms, especially descriptors, in the same document. This type of research generally entails descriptors based on a dictionary of synonyms, such as mesh. The alternative terms and names hold meaning only in the “contexts of their use.” The traditional classification systems, however, are often resistant to context. The indexation terms in thesauri are generally based on vast, rigid structures and predefined hierarchies, which do not always perform effective retrievals within a given topic area (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Bartol, 2012</a>: 286).In accord with Meij, Bartol asserts the need to expand the horizons of searches by using controlled vocabularies and enriching their structure. Bartol provides the example of the term dittany, which in many data bases is conflated with the term salvia. According to Meiji and his team, using the term dittany would not retrieve the same documents that would otherwise be retrieved by the term salvia, despite the fact that both terms refer to the same plant. This is because these denominations denote distinct contexts and will bring back different documents (“each term for each document”). Bartol points out that it would be a mistake to tie both terms together in the description in order to ensure retrieval of the same document from a data base using either search term. Each search term should represent a distinct information need.UNIFICATION OF MEDICAL LANGUAGELittle by little, the use of alternative names has influenced the structure of mesh itself, and more so now that records contain not only medical headings as descriptions, but also alternative names. These description include notes on the scope of nomenclature, acronyms and references to names used previously. For several years, the National Library of Medicine has a linguistic tool working in addition to the medical topic headings. This tool is the Meta-thesaurus of the Unified Medical Language System (umls), in which other medical information systems also collaborate. As technology progresses, it is used to create new ways to index for the purpose of information retrieval. The Macro-thesaurus aims initially to be an ontology that integrates the knowledge of diverse thesauri and other sources. This done not in order to expand the search, but to specify the retrieval of information (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Humphreys and Schuyler, 1993</a>).In this sense, <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Hassan, Htroy and Palombi (2010)</a> propose two main approaches for representing the medical knowledge:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•Image based focus: classic atlas, informatics atlas and probabilistic atlas. These atlases provide a model for some organs and the labeling of these organs is often manual.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•Ontological based focus. An ontology is, by definition, a formal representation of a subset of concepts within a domain, in addition to the relationships among these concepts.</li></ul>“An ontology is a formal specification of shared conceptualization.” This definition was coined in 1998 by Studer, Benjamin and Fensel. Pastor Sánchez has taken it up again and provides the following exposition:The term conceptualization refers to an abstract model of concrete reality that is obtained by identifying the concepts relevant to the same. By explicit, we mean that the type of concept used and the restrictions of its use are explicitly defined. Formal refers to the fact that the ontology should be legible for the computer; and shared reflects the notion that an ontology captures knowledge that is not object of a single individual, but rather accepted by a group in a consensual way (2011: 20).The Meta-thesaurus is only one of the tool of umls, which is also integrated by other tools such as Semantic Network and specialist Lexicon. The umls project has developed slowly. It attempts to combine three tools to achieve effective retrieval of information. The Meta-thesaurus is in charge of the concepts; semantic Network of the categories and relationships, and specialist Lexicon is in charge of the resources and tools (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Kostoff et al., 2004</a>: 518). Meta-thesaurus began in 1988 and is constituted on the basis of automated versions of diverse thesauri and heading lists (in diverse languages other than English, including Spanish, French. Dutch, Italian, Japanese and Portuguese), codes and lists of controlled terms used in patient care, such as gin, public health statistics and the indexation of biomedical literature. The terms in the Meta-thesaurus are organized by meaning, and they are assigned a unique concept identifier (with several associated lexical identifiers). All the original data of the source vocabulary, the definitions or written variants are organized. The mesh has been limited by the delay in the adoption of new terminology. Meta-thesaurus, moreover, does not always incorporate the newest topics in a timely way. For this reason after 2004, the use of metadata by Meta-thesaurus produced a weighty change in the way documents are managed and nml formats (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Figure 2</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>In order to allow for the complex description that includes acronyms and abbreviations indexed in the Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine, umls developed the Rich Release Format (rrf) (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Chute, 2005</a>: 176). For complete retrieval of information of both mesh terms and alternative names, better search strategies must be incorporated. Nonetheless, Meta-thesaurus has the merit of using metadata to provide a greater search scope, which with headings is insufficient. It has nearly forty labels, the most representative of which are the following table.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>These functions enrich the Meta-thesaurus. This is only one of the three UMLS tools. (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Figure 3</a>).<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia>From the perspective of informatics, Christopher Chute adds: “Previously, the umls process of formatting performed information transfer ‘with losses.’ The modern vision of umls is to become a definitive source and format for publication of the main biomedical terminologies, which is a significant advance” (2005: 176-177). This means that the pretension of unifying language by uml is not only a matter of terms, but also a question of improving the computational systems. umls have tried to establish an information exchange format for the medical area that little by little contributes to this end. Nonetheless, the most advanced projects is still the cismef:In cismef, resources are described using a set of metadata on the basis of a structured terminology that “encapsulates” the French language version of the mesh thesaurus. Now the objective is to migrate the cismef terminology and, thereby, mesh to a formal ontology in order to obtain a more powerful search tool (Soualmia, Golbreich and Darmoni, 2001: 1).Currently, the particular terminology of cismef has been “formalized” on the Web Ontology Language (owl), in its dl version, in contrast to the ontologized thesauri that are in the owl-Full version.CONCLUSIONSDiverse cases across the international scenario point toward the need to expand the horizons of representation and retrieval of information. The structure of the controlled vocabularies should be complemented by other methods. Despite the general belief that the use of layman language brings back a list with an enormous number of results, the reality is that, in the area of health, the terminology can be very specific when discovering a document, and terms in the strict sense can very likely be retrieved. Finally, sooner or later, the thesaurus shall have be integrated fully with the semantic web, perhaps as onto-thesauri (if one wishes to view thesauri as ontologies). In genomic sciences and health, the combination of the semantic relationships of a thesaurus, a terminology alternative and the metadata and search engines would create a tool with unimaginable potential. This is an important endeavor for the field of Library Science research." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:9 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres675633" "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681775" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres675632" "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681776" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "RETRIEVAL APPROACHES USING STRUCTURE OF A THESAURUS" ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "UNIFICATION OF MEDICAL LANGUAGE" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS" ] 8 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "WORKS CITED" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2014-02-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2014-10-09" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681775" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Library Science and Terminology" 1 => "Automated Information Retrieval" 2 => "Medical Subjects Headings" 3 => "Thesauri" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681776" "palabras" => array:4 [ 0 => "Bibliotecología y terminología" 1 => "Recuperación de información automatizada" 2 => "Encabezamientos de temas médicos" 3 => "Tesauros" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "ABSTRACT" "resumen" => "In the field of genomic science and medicine in general, there are two methods of retrieving information from documents, namely: 1) through the combined use of associations determined by the Medical Subject Headings, and 2) by employing specific terminologies, such as those in folksonomies, alternative medical-genomic terms in use in the general language, or acronyms or apocopes from the genomics field. To some extent, many thinkers in matters of indexing hold that the combination of two methods may be the best approach. While few authors advocate for keeping the structure of controlled vocabularies, built up over many years of content interpretation, unchanged, there are numerous proposals for expanding the search horizons of thesauri, whether through social cataloging, algorithmic domain analyses that contrast indicators or the semantic web, using markers of meaningful semantic lexicons contained in digitized text." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "RESUMEN" "resumen" => "Existen dos métodos de recuperación de información de documentos propios de la ciencia genómica y de medicina en general, a saber: uno está basado en el uso combinado de las relaciones determinadas por el Medical Subject Headings, mientras que el otro emplea las terminologías particulares, como pueden ser folksonomías, nombres alternativos de los términos médico-genómicos de uso en el lenguaje más general o los acrónimos o apocópes comunes en áreas como la genómica. Numerosos teóricos e indizadores consideran que la combinación de dos métodos puede funcionar mejor y es capaz de ofrecer mejoras significativas. Pese a que son pocos los autores que pugnan por no modificar la estructura de los vocabularios controlados, construidos a través de años de interpretación de contenidos, la multiplicidad de propuestas se reúnen bajo la tendencia de expandir el horizonte de búsqueda de los tesauros, ya sea con la catalogación social, el análisis de dominio realizado con algoritmos que contrastan indicadores o la web semántica, a través de la propuesta de marcado de unidades lexicales significativas en los textos digitalizados." ] ] "multimedia" => array:4 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2127 "Ancho" => 2532 "Tamanyo" => 468864 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Exemplification of the functioning of CISMeF Source: <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Douyère et al. (2004: 255)</a>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 1701 "Ancho" => 2599 "Tamanyo" => 348980 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "UMLS Meta-thesaurus Interface." ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 1414 "Ancho" => 2513 "Tamanyo" => 147824 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Operation of umls Meta-thesaurus search on the basis of metadata records and the relationships established between terms, concepts and descriptors. Source: <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Mottaz, 2006</a>: 8" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Labels \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Features \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrconso.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Names, synonyms, terms, types of terms \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrrel.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Semantic relations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrfiles.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">All files of subset \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrhier.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Hierarchies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrsat.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Attributes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrdef.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Definitions \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrmap.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Assignations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrsmap.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Simplified assignations \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">mrsty.rrf \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">Sematic types (organisms, anatomical structures, biological functions, concepts and ideas) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1108054.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Main labels in Rich Release Format (RRF)." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "WORKS CITED" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "Bartol, 2012" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Assessment of indexing trends with specific and general terms for herbal medicine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "T. Bartol" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/hir.12005" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "29" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "285" "paginaFinal" => "295" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176025" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "Bodenreider et al., 2002" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Unsupervised, corpus-based method for extending a biomedical terminology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Bodenreider" 1 => "T.C. Rindflesch" 2 => "A. Burgun" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Procedings of the Workshop on Natural Language Processing in the Biomedical Domain (acl-02)" "paginaInicial" => "53" "paginaFinal" => "60" "serieFecha" => "2002" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "Bundschus et al., 2008" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Statistical modeling of medical indexing processes for biomedical knowledge information discovery from text" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Bundschus" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Data Mining in Bioinformatics (biokdd’08)" "paginaInicial" => "11" "paginaFinal" => "17" "serieFecha" => "2008" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "Chute, 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Medical concepts representation" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "C.G. Chute" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Medical informatics: Knowledge management and data mining in biomedicine" "paginaInicial" => "163" "paginaFinal" => "182" "serieFecha" => "2005" ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "Darmoni et al., 2001" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A search tool based on ‘encapsulated’ mesh thesaurus to retrieve quality health resources on the internet" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "S.J. Darmoni" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Medical Informatics and the Internet in Medicine" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "26" "numero" => "3" "paginaInicial" => "165" "paginaFinal" => "178" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11706927" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "Deacon et al., 2001" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Using metadata to create navigation paths in the HealthInsite internet gateway" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "P. Deacon" 1 => "J.B. Smith" 2 => "S. Tow" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "18" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "20" "paginaFinal" => "29" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11260289" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "Douyère et al., 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Enhancing the mesh thesaurus to retrieve french online health resources in a quality-controlled gateway" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "M. Douyère" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1471-1842.2004.00526.x" "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "21" "numero" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "253" "paginaFinal" => "261" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15606883" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1473309915700502" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "14733099" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "Galveza and Moya-Anegón, 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identificación de nombres de genes en la literatura biomédica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "C. Galveza" 1 => "F. Moya-Anegón" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Multidisciplinary Information Sciences and Technologies (InSciT2006) ii" "paginaInicial" => "344" "paginaFinal" => "345" "serieFecha" => "2006" ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "Göbel et al., 2001" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A mesh based intelligent search intermediary for Consumer Health Information Systems" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G. Göbel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "64" "numero" => "2/3" "paginaInicial" => "241" "paginaFinal" => "251" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11734389" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "Hassan et al., 2010" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Hassan, S., F. Htroy, and O. Palombi. 2010. “Ontology-guided mesh segmentation.” Paper presented at focus k3dConference on Semantic 3D Media and Content, Sophia Antipolis, Francia, February 11-12." ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "Humphreys and Schuyler, 1993" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The unified medical language system: Moving beyond the vocabulary of bibliographic retrieval" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.L. Humphreys" 1 => "P.L. Schuyler" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "High-performance medical libraries: Advances in information management for the virtual era" "paginaInicial" => "31" "paginaFinal" => "44" "serieFecha" => "1993" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "Kerdelhué, 2007" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Utilisation du thésaurus mesh dans le site cismef" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "G. Kerdelhué" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Documentaliste" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "44" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "39" "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0168827814004619" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01688278" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "Kostoff et al., 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Information content in medline record fields" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "R.N. Kostoff" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.02.008" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "73" "numero" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "515" "paginaFinal" => "527" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15171980" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "Leydesdorff et al., 2012" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Bibliometric perspectives on medical innovation using the Medical Subject Headings (mesh) of PubMed" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Leydesdorff" 1 => "D. Rotolo" 2 => "I. Rafols" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "63" "numero" => "11" "paginaInicial" => "2239" "paginaFinal" => "2253" ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "Meij et al., 2005" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Combining thesauri-based methods for biomedical retrieval" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "E. Meij" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Proceedings of the 14th Text retrieval Conference (trec-2005)" "serieFecha" => "2005" ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "Mottaz, 2006" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Mottaz, A. 2006. “Mapping disease annotation in Swiss-Prot to Medical terminology mesh”, diss., Suiza: Universidad de Ginebra, Facultad de Ciencias, Facultad de Medicina." ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "Nelson et al., 2001" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Relationships in Medical Subject Headings (mesh)" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.J. Nelson" 1 => "W.D. Johnson" 2 => "B.L. Humphreys" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Relationships in the organization of knowledge, ii" "paginaInicial" => "171" "paginaFinal" => "184" "serieFecha" => "2001" ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "Névéol et al., 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Using CISMeF mesh ‘encapsulated’ terminology and a categorization algorithm for health resources" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A. Névéol" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2003.09.004" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "73" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "57" "paginaFinal" => "64" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15036079" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "Rajathei David and Samuel, 2012" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Clustering of PubMed abstracts using nearer terms of the domain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Rajathei David" 1 => "S. Samuel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Bioinformation" "fecha" => "2012" "volumen" => "8" "numero" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "20" "paginaFinal" => "25" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359430" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "Serban and ten Teije, 2009" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Exploiting thesauri knowledge in medical guideline formalization" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Serban" 1 => "A. ten Teije" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.3414/ME0629" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Methods of Information in Medicine" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "48" "numero" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "468" "paginaFinal" => "474" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448889" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "Zweigenbaum and Grabar, 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Restoring accents in unknown biomedical words: Application to the french mesh thesaurus" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "P. Zweigenbaum" 1 => "N. Grabar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "67" "numero" => "1/3" "paginaInicial" => "113" "paginaFinal" => "126" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12460636" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "Zweigenbaum et al., 2003" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Towards a unified medical lexicon for french" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P. Zweigenbaum" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Proceedings of mie 2003, 8th International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics" "paginaInicial" => "415" "paginaFinal" => "420" "serieFecha" => "2003" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "vista" => "all" "seccion" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "Brand-de Heer, 2001" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A comparison of the coverage of clinical medicine provided by pascal biomed and medline" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "D.L. Brand-de Heer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:8 [ "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "18" "numero" => "2" "paginaInicial" => "110" "paginaFinal" => "116" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11780731" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0140673614604943" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01406736" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "Pastor Sánchez, 2011" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Metadatos y ontologías" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "J.A. Pastor Sánchez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:6 [ "titulo" => "Tecnologías de la Web semántica" "fecha" => "2011" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "29" "editorial" => "voc" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "Soualmia et al., 2004" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "referenciaCompleta" => "Soualmia, L.F., C. Golbreich, and S. J. Darmoni. 2004. “Representing the mesh in owl: Towards a semi-automatic migration.” Paper presented at Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Formal Biomedical Knowledge Representation (kr-med2004), Whistler Mountain, Canadá, July 9-10." ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "To cite this article as an online journal:" "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "Morán Reyes et al., 2016" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and mesh" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Reyes Morán" 1 => "Ariel Antonio" 2 => "Peña Catalina Naumis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Investigación Bibliotecológica: Archivonomía, Bibliotecología e Información" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "123" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "To cite this article from an information service:" "vista" => "all" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "Morán Reyes et al., 2016" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and mesh" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "Reyes Morán" 1 => "Ariel Antonio" 2 => "Peña Catalina Naumis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Investigación Bibliotecológica: Archivonomía, Bibliotecología e Información" "fecha" => "2016" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "123" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300326/v1_201606210024/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "51220" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300326/v1_201606210024/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16300326?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and MeSH

Métodos y tendencias de recuperación de información biomédica y genómica basados en las relaciones semánticas de los tesauros y los MeSH

Ariel Antonio Morán Reyesa, Catalina Naumis Peñab

a Posgrado en Bibliotecología y Estudios de la Información, unam, México

b Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas y de la Información de la unam, México

Read

2604

Times
was read the article

674

Total PDF

1930

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:24 [
  "pii" => "S0187358X16300326"
  "issn" => "0187358X"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.006"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
  "aid" => "72"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2016"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Investigaci&#243;n Bibliotecol&#243;gica&#58; Bibliometr&#237;a&#44; Archivonom&#237;a e Informaci&#243;n. 2016;30 Supl :109-23"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 1472
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 37
      "HTML" => 1130
      "PDF" => 305
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0187358X16300338"
    "issn" => "0187358X"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.007"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
    "aid" => "73"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Investigaci&#243;n Bibliotecol&#243;gica&#58; Bibliometr&#237;a&#44; Archivonom&#237;a e Informaci&#243;n. 2016;30 Supl :125-53"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 820
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 37
        "HTML" => 583
        "PDF" => 200
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:11 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "Publishing output in the field of didactics of the Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica&#58; A diagnosis on the basis of the content model of industry"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "125"
          "paginaFinal" => "153"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "La producci&#243;n editorial did&#225;ctica de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia de Costa Rica&#58; un diagn&#243;stico a partir del modelo de industrias de contenidos"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Jenny Teresita Guerra Gonz&#225;lez"
          "autores" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Jenny Teresita"
              "apellidos" => "Guerra Gonz&#225;lez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16300338?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300338/v1_201606210024/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0187358X16300314"
    "issn" => "0187358X"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.005"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
    "aid" => "71"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Investigaci&#243;n Bibliotecol&#243;gica&#58; Bibliometr&#237;a&#44; Archivonom&#237;a e Informaci&#243;n. 2016;30 Supl :91-107"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 643
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 39
        "HTML" => 411
        "PDF" => 193
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "titulo" => "A case study of knowledge organization patterns within Curricular Information Systems"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "91"
          "paginaFinal" => "107"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Patrones para la organizaci&#243;n del conocimiento en los Sistemas de Informaci&#243;n Curricular&#46; Un caso de estudio"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1411
              "Ancho" => 2357
              "Tamanyo" => 285951
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">CV fields that are updated with research results</p> <p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Source&#58; Armas&#44; Diaz and Giraldes&#44; 2008&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Soleidy Rivero Amador, Maidelyn D&#237;az P&#233;rez, Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; L&#243;pez Huertas P&#233;rez, Dayron Armas Pe&#241;as"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Soleidy"
              "apellidos" => "Rivero Amador"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Maidelyn"
              "apellidos" => "D&#237;az P&#233;rez"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Mar&#237;a Jos&#233; L&#243;pez"
              "apellidos" => "Huertas P&#233;rez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Dayron"
              "apellidos" => "Armas Pe&#241;as"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16300314?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300314/v1_201606210024/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "asociados" => array:1 [
    0 => array:18 [
      "pii" => "S0187358X16000071"
      "issn" => "0187358X"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.02.006"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-01-01"
      "aid" => "6"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Investigaci&#243;n Bibliotecol&#243;gica&#58; Bibliometr&#237;a&#44; Archivonom&#237;a e Informaci&#243;n. 2016;30:109-23"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 1519
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 46
          "HTML" => 1083
          "PDF" => 390
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "titulo" => "M&#233;todos y tendencias de recuperaci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n biom&#233;dica y gen&#243;mica basados en las relaciones sem&#225;nticas de los tesauros y los MeSH"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "109"
            "paginaFinal" => "123"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and MeSH"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0005"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 1"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 2132
                "Ancho" => 2471
                "Tamanyo" => 447859
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Ejemplificaci&#243;n del funcionamiento de la propuesta de CISMeF&#46;</p> <p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Fuente&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Douy&#232;re et al&#46;&#44; 2004</a>&#58; 255&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "Ariel Antonio Mor&#225;n Reyes, Catalina Naumis Pe&#241;a"
            "autores" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Ariel Antonio Mor&#225;n"
                "apellidos" => "Reyes"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "Catalina Naumis"
                "apellidos" => "Pe&#241;a"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16000071?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/0187358X/0000003000000068/v1_201603150637/S0187358X16000071/v1_201603150637/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and MeSH"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "109"
        "paginaFinal" => "123"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "autoresLista" => "Ariel Antonio Mor&#225;n Reyes, Catalina Naumis Pe&#241;a"
        "autores" => array:2 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Ariel Antonio"
            "apellidos" => "Mor&#225;n Reyes"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "a&#46;moran&#64;comunidad&#46;unam&#46;mx"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Catalina"
            "apellidos" => "Naumis Pe&#241;a"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "naumis&#64;unam&#46;mx"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Posgrado en Bibliotecolog&#237;a y Estudios de la Informaci&#243;n&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">unam</span>&#44; M&#233;xico"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecol&#243;gicas y de la Informaci&#243;n de la <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">unam</span>&#44; M&#233;xico"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "M&#233;todos y tendencias de recuperaci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n biom&#233;dica y gen&#243;mica basados en las relaciones sem&#225;nticas de los tesauros y los MeSH"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1701
            "Ancho" => 2599
            "Tamanyo" => 348980
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">UMLS Meta-thesaurus Interface&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">INTRODUCTION</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Medical Subject Headings &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#41; is a body of terms put together by the National Library of Medicine &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">nlm</span>&#41; of the United States of America&#46; Through the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PubMed</span> free access search engine&#44; these lexical units are used to index and retrieve documents in the fields of biomedicine&#44; genomic science and associated areas of knowledge from the citation and abstracts data bases&#46; Both resources are also offered by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">nlm</span>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PubMed</span> offered a wide variety of notably efficient automated tools &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PubMed Tools</span>&#41;&#44; including <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">BioSample&#44; Assembly</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genome</span> and others&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genome</span>&#44; for example&#44; organizes information from the area of genomics and includes sequences&#44; maps&#44; graphic representations of chromosomes and annotations by means of three main procedures&#46; Each of these tools employs a distinct information retrieval method&#46; In the case of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Genome</span>&#44; thesauri structures have proven to be the most effective representation of information for the purpose of retrieval &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Chute&#44; 2005</a>&#41;&#46; Nonetheless&#44; in recent years other methods and approaches have been proposed that seek to expand the possibilities of indexing and consultation of documents&#44; though without abandoning the use of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">Bodenreider&#44; Rindflesch and Burgun&#44; 2002</a>&#58; 54&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Several of these proposals rely on the fact that most of the terms have several denominations&#46; For example&#44; phytomenadione is a synonym of vitamin K&#44; and dihydroxyacetone phosphate is also know by the anagram <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">dhap</span>&#46; It is also common to see the use of apocope&#44; such as <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cocidioidosis</span> for coccidioidomycosis&#46; Moreover&#44; they may be acceptable alternate spellings of concepts &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105">Zweigenbaum and Grabar&#44; 2004</a>&#41;&#46; While a search is generally perform using only a single terms&#44; this method enriches the search criteria with derivations and alternate names for the concept sought&#46; When there are a variety of names for a given concept&#44; this does not mean that one is deemed correct at the expense of others&#46; In the field of genomics&#44; for example&#44; synonymous terms are used in distinct contextual situations&#46; A text retrieved from a public health science journal is not the same as that retrieved from a genomic map of cancer published in a highly specialized journal&#46; Both documents are scientific in nature&#44; but their respective outlooks are quite distinct&#44; and they are targeted at different readership and satisfy different informational needs&#46; Similarly&#44; an academic discussion in an article on ascorbic acid &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>6<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">h</span>8<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">o</span>6&#41; is not the same thing as an informative blurb on vitamin <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>&#44; even though the substance being discussed is the same chemical&#46; Clearly&#44; in such a case&#44; the writers&#8217; respective purposes are very different&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">RETRIEVAL APPROACHES USING STRUCTURE OF A THESAURUS</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The degree of specificity and the community are not the only criteria for distinguishing between the diverse uses of a term&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">bireme</span> &#91;Latin America and Caribbean Center of Health Information&#93;&#44; which was first founded in 1967 as the Regional Library of Medicine with the support of the World Health Organization &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">who</span>&#41;&#44; developed the Health Science Descriptors &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">hsd</span>&#41; based on <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#44; incorporating Spanish and Portuguese terms from the fields of homeopathy and sanitary oversight fields&#44; as well as terms in English&#46; This vocabulary supports the Virtual Health Library &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">vhl</span>&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">lilacs</span>&#44; which is the most important health index in Latin America and the Caribbean&#46; There are communities&#44; such as the Francophone&#44; that do not choose to use medical headings and are more inclined to use names that diverge from those authorized by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">nlm</span>&#46; This happens in part because of the linguistic play of daily life and the adoption of the lexicon of the community&#46; It is likely in such a case&#44; that we would be speaking about folksonomies &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0160">Zweigenbaum <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2003</a>&#41;&#46; For example&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Catalogue et Index des Sites M&#233;dicaux de Langue Fran&#231;aise</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">cismef</span>&#41; uses <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> and other vocabularies with metadata&#44; which can exploit the rigor of the controlled vocabulary in conjunction with social cataloguing alternatives gathered from the community &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030">Deacon&#44; Smith and Tow&#44; 2001</a>&#41;&#46; Some authors&#44; such as Mary Rajathei David and Selvaraj Samuel&#44; have proposed the Frequent Nearer Terms of the Domain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">fntd</span>&#41; designed by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pub</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">med</span></span>&#44; as a method of retrieving information more efficiently&#46; Such terms may or may not be authorized by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">nlm</span>&#44; and include derivations&#46; The key criteria is that they are terms genuinely employed on a daily basis in the medical community &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">Rajathei David and Samuel&#44; 2012</a>&#58; 20&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The editorial aim of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cismef</span></span> is to establish precise descriptions of documents largely on the basis of modified or improved of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#46; It constantly explores new descriptive approaches for retrieval of medical information &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">Kerdelhu&#233;&#44; 2007</a>&#41;&#46; Some <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cismef</span></span> contributors&#44; working in the University Hospital of Rouen and led by Magaly Douy&#232;re&#44; have attempted to adapt the broader&#44; more general medical terminology used on the internet&#44; instead of first resorting to scientific articles in the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">medline</span> bibliographic base data&#46; As already stated&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cismef</span></span> employs two standard tools to organize information&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> and several subsets of Dublin Core metadata&#46; The heterogeneous nature of online health information resources&#44; however&#44; led the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cismef</span></span> team to look for ways to improve <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#44; first by designing a random algorithm assigning certain values to semantic links &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">N&#233;v&#233;ol <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2004</a>&#41;&#44; quite exhaustive but insufficient&#59; and then by introducing the concepts of resource type and meta-terms&#46; A resource type describes the nature of the document&#44; not only the topic&#44; as it happens with key words and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> based qualifiers&#46; A meta-term is often a broad term&#44; such as the name of a discipline or medical treatment&#44; offering semantic connections between <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> and the types of resources&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cismef</span></span> offers simple and advanced search options&#46; The simple search requires the user to enter a single term or expression&#46; This is complemented by a complete text search&#46; The advanced search option performs complex searches with a combination of Boolean operators emplyed with meta-terms&#44; key words&#44; alternate names and resource types&#46; This approach combines two tools to perform the search&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> and the Dublin Core metadata format&#46; As such&#44; the documents are described jointly with the two tools&#46; As such&#44; documents are described with title&#44; author or creator&#44; topic&#44; key words&#44; description&#44; editors&#44; date&#44; resource type&#44; format&#44; identifier and language &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">Darmoni <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2001</a>&#58; 167&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bundschus and colleagues at the University of Munich and the company Siemens have opted for the term meta-information&#44; which they use to complement the information&#44; instead of the explicit distinction between the types of resources and the meta-terms used in France&#46; The question is that by enriching medical information systems by including new documents while indexing with <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> terms&#44; descriptions can be completed with this additional information&#58; &#8220;This meta-information provides a rich source of knowledge that can be exploited in order to discover biomedical knowledge and data mining tasks&#8221; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bundschus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2008</a>&#58; 11&#41;&#46; Bundschus adds&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0005"><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The term&#47;concept model discovers new information from a set of biomedical texts&#44; including the extraction of the structure of the concept of a hidden topic&#44; using all of the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> terms that concur within that subset &#91;&#8230;&#93;&#46; In contrast to standard topic models&#44; in which the topics are represented exclusively by the most likely words&#44; the topic-concept can be interpreted as a richer topic representations&#44; especially by the link to <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> concepts&#46; As such&#44; this enriched topic representation provides important additional information as a terminological ontology &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">Bundschus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span>&#44; 2008</a>&#58; 18&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Bundschus sciencometrics team has also explored applications such as extraction of statistical relationships between generic topics and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> terms for the purpose of automated extraction of information &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">Leydesdorff&#44; Rotolo and Rafols&#44; 2012</a>&#41;&#46; In accord with proposals that do not circumscribe searches to authorized terms&#44; two Spanish research projects show that gene <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">a</span>c<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>o<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">as</span> has nine alternate names in the biomedical literature&#44; all of which are registered in the main human genome catalogue&#44; the Online <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mendelian Inheritance in Man</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">omim</span>&#41; as follows&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">cg</span>9390&#44; acetato-coenzima-A-ligasa&#44; acetil-<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>o<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">a</span> sintetasa&#44; acetil coa sintasa&#44; Acetil <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>o<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">a</span> sintasa&#44; acs&#44; Acetil-<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>o<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">a</span> synthasa&#44; Acetil <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">c</span>o<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">a</span> sintetasa&#44; and best&#58;-gh2840 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145">Galveza and Moya-Aneg&#243;n&#44; 2006</a>&#58; 345&#41;&#46; On the basis of this example&#44; the operation of the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span> proposal can be shown &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 1</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span>&#39;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">s</span> efforts to renovate <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> is not new&#46; In the early years of the twenty-first century&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Gesundheitsinformationsnetz &#214;sterreich</span> &#40;Austrian Health Information Network&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">gin</span>&#41;&#44; offered information to patients &#40;identified as knowledge consumers&#41;&#44; regarding not only preventive medicine&#44; but also reliable medical information regarding illnesses&#44; well-being and easily understood instructions for management of illness and access to information to better understand diagnoses&#46; The system also provides specific data on the Austrian health system and organizations&#46; Even though the description by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">gin</span> were initially controlled by the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> thesaurus&#44; it was observed that users often did use scientific terms and expressions to understand their diagnoses&#46; For this reason&#44; they tried to match colloquial terminology to the more rigorous terminology using the vectorial method&#44; in such a way that users were able to use the information system &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045">G&#246;bel <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2001</a>&#58; 242-244&#41;&#46; Like the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span>&#44; they used the informatics algorithm to perform automated searches&#44; in this case the Floyd-Marshall algorithm&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meanwhile&#44; the Dutch researchers <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">Radu Serban and Annette ten Teije &#40;2009&#41;</a> favor the controlled vocabulary as an information representation and retrieval tool&#44; believing that its structure should not be modified&#44; nor should its specialized vocabulary be alternated with a more colloquial lexicon&#46; In contrast&#44; Edgar Meij and his group of archivists at the University of Amsterdam assert that the best method for retrieving information should be based on complex relationships of a controlled vocabulary&#46; They hold that each descriptive record of a <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> term must be equal to a document on that term &#40;and not that a term be equal to a document or that it should retrieve several documents&#41;&#46; With this idea&#44; it would be inadmissible to discard an immense variety of alternate names for a term that are useful for the expansion of the methods of information retrieval and are more effective representation of a document than that supplied by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> alone &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155">Meij <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2005&#59; Nelson&#44; Johnson and Humphreys&#44; 2001&#58; 177</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the case of a Swiss epistemic community&#44; the particular terminology of a group of researchers is used&#44; specifically that of the Swiss-Prot Group &#40;a question that often concerns such communities&#41;&#46; This research group alternates the use of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> with their particular terminology in order to make search more reliable &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Mottaz&#44; 2006</a>&#58; 18&#41;&#46; More than ten years ago&#44; Dieuwke Brand-de Heer adduced&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0010"><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#91;&#8230;&#93; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">medline</span> certainly does not cover &#8220;the totality&#8221; of medical literature&#46; Other data bases contain additional information&#59; for example&#44; Excerpta Medica also covers medical topics&#46; Moreover&#44; for some fields these alternative data bases behave better than <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">medline</span>&#44; for example in pharmacology&#46; There is also <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">biosis previas</span>&#44; which contains additional relevant information for doctors not included in <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">medline</span> &#40;2001&#58; 112&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Slovenian specialist in medical literature Tomaz Bartol holds that the use of broader terms is useful&#44; because it improves the retrieval of relevant documents&#46; He recently performed a study on the information on herbal medicine&#44; arguing that&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0015"><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; we have placed special emphasis on the importance of the question of co-occurrence of different terms&#44; especially descriptors&#44; in the same document&#46; This type of research generally entails descriptors based on a dictionary of synonyms&#44; such as <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#46; The alternative terms and names hold meaning only in the &#8220;contexts of their use&#46;&#8221; The traditional classification systems&#44; however&#44; are often resistant to context&#46; The indexation terms in thesauri are generally based on vast&#44; rigid structures and predefined hierarchies&#44; which do not always perform effective retrievals within a given topic area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005">Bartol&#44; 2012</a>&#58; 286&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In accord with Meij&#44; Bartol asserts the need to expand the horizons of searches by using controlled vocabularies and enriching their structure&#46; Bartol provides the example of the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dittany</span>&#44; which in many data bases is conflated with the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">salvia</span>&#46; According to Meiji and his team&#44; using the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">dittany</span> would not retrieve the same documents that would otherwise be retrieved by the term <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">salvia</span>&#44; despite the fact that both terms refer to the same plant&#46; This is because these denominations denote distinct contexts and will bring back different documents &#40;&#8220;each term for each document&#8221;&#41;&#46; Bartol points out that it would be a mistake to tie both terms together in the description in order to ensure retrieval of the same document from a data base using either search term&#46; Each search term should represent a distinct information need&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">UNIFICATION OF MEDICAL LANGUAGE</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Little by little&#44; the use of alternative names has influenced the structure of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> itself&#44; and more so now that records contain not only medical headings as descriptions&#44; but also alternative names&#46; These description include notes on the scope of nomenclature&#44; acronyms and references to names used previously&#46; For several years&#44; the National Library of Medicine has a linguistic tool working in addition to the medical topic headings&#46; This tool is the Meta-thesaurus of the Unified Medical Language System &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span>&#41;&#44; in which other medical information systems also collaborate&#46; As technology progresses&#44; it is used to create new ways to index for the purpose of information retrieval&#46; The Macro-thesaurus aims initially to be an ontology that integrates the knowledge of diverse thesauri and other sources&#46; This done not in order to expand the search&#44; but to specify the retrieval of information &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150">Humphreys and Schuyler&#44; 1993</a>&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this sense&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">Hassan&#44; Htroy and Palombi &#40;2010&#41;</a> propose two main approaches for representing the medical knowledge&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Image based focus&#58; classic atlas&#44; informatics atlas and probabilistic atlas&#46; These atlases provide a model for some organs and the labeling of these organs is often manual&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ontological based focus&#46; An ontology is&#44; by definition&#44; a formal representation of a subset of concepts within a domain&#44; in addition to the relationships among these concepts&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">&#8220;An ontology is a formal specification of shared conceptualization&#46;&#8221; This definition was coined in 1998 by Studer&#44; Benjamin and Fensel&#46; Pastor S&#225;nchez has taken it up again and provides the following exposition&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0020"><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The term conceptualization refers to an abstract model of concrete reality that is obtained by identifying the concepts relevant to the same&#46; By explicit&#44; we mean that the type of concept used and the restrictions of its use are explicitly defined&#46; Formal refers to the fact that the ontology should be legible for the computer&#59; and shared reflects the notion that an ontology captures knowledge that is not object of a single individual&#44; but rather accepted by a group in a consensual way &#40;2011&#58; 20&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Meta-thesaurus is only one of the tool of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span>&#44; which is also integrated by other tools such as Semantic Network and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">specialist</span> Lexicon&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span> project has developed slowly&#46; It attempts to combine three tools to achieve effective retrieval of information&#46; The Meta-thesaurus is in charge of the concepts&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">semantic</span> Network of the categories and relationships&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">specialist</span> Lexicon is in charge of the resources and tools &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065">Kostoff <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al</span>&#46;&#44; 2004</a>&#58; 518&#41;&#46; Meta-thesaurus began in 1988 and is constituted on the basis of automated versions of diverse thesauri and heading lists &#40;in diverse languages other than English&#44; including Spanish&#44; French&#46; Dutch&#44; Italian&#44; Japanese and Portuguese&#41;&#44; codes and lists of controlled terms used in patient care&#44; such as <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">gin</span>&#44; public health statistics and the indexation of biomedical literature&#46; The terms in the Meta-thesaurus are organized by meaning&#44; and they are assigned a unique concept identifier &#40;with several associated lexical identifiers&#41;&#46; All the original data of the source vocabulary&#44; the definitions or written variants are organized&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> has been limited by the delay in the adoption of new terminology&#46; Meta-thesaurus&#44; moreover&#44; does not always incorporate the newest topics in a timely way&#46; For this reason after 2004&#44; the use of metadata by Meta-thesaurus produced a weighty change in the way documents are managed and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">nml</span> formats &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 2</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In order to allow for the complex description that includes acronyms and abbreviations indexed in the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Systematized Nomenclature of Medicine</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span> developed the Rich Release Format &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">rrf</span>&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">Chute&#44; 2005</a>&#58; 176&#41;&#46; For complete retrieval of information of both <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> terms and alternative names&#44; better search strategies must be incorporated&#46; Nonetheless&#44; Meta-thesaurus has the merit of using metadata to provide a greater search scope&#44; which with headings is insufficient&#46; It has nearly forty labels&#44; the most representative of which are the following table&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These functions enrich the Meta-thesaurus&#46; This is only one of the three UMLS tools&#46; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Figure 3</span></a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From the perspective of informatics&#44; Christopher Chute adds&#58; &#8220;Previously&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span> process of formatting performed information transfer &#8216;with losses&#46;&#8217; The modern vision of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span> is to become a definitive source and format for publication of the main biomedical terminologies&#44; which is a significant advance&#8221; &#40;2005&#58; 176-177&#41;&#46; This means that the pretension of unifying language by <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">uml</span> is not only a matter of terms&#44; but also a question of improving the computational systems&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">umls</span> have tried to establish an information exchange format for the medical area that little by little contributes to this end&#46; Nonetheless&#44; the most advanced projects is still the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span>&#58;<span class="elsevierStyleDisplayedQuote" id="dsq0025"><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span>&#44; resources are described using a set of metadata on the basis of a structured terminology that &#8220;encapsulates&#8221; the French language version of the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> thesaurus&#46; Now the objective is to migrate the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span> terminology and&#44; thereby&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> to a formal ontology in order to obtain a more powerful search tool &#40;Soualmia&#44; Golbreich and Darmoni&#44; 2001&#58; 1&#41;&#46;</p></span></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Currently&#44; the particular terminology of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cism</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">e</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">f</span></span> has been &#8220;formalized&#8221; on the Web Ontology Language &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">owl</span>&#41;&#44; in its <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">dl</span> version&#44; in contrast to the ontologized thesauri that are in the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">owl</span>-Full version&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">CONCLUSIONS</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diverse cases across the international scenario point toward the need to expand the horizons of representation and retrieval of information&#46; The structure of the controlled vocabularies should be complemented by other methods&#46; Despite the general belief that the use of layman language brings back a list with an enormous number of results&#44; the reality is that&#44; in the area of health&#44; the terminology can be very specific when discovering a document&#44; and terms in the strict sense can very likely be retrieved&#46; Finally&#44; sooner or later&#44; the thesaurus shall have be integrated fully with the semantic web&#44; perhaps as onto-thesauri &#40;if one wishes to view thesauri as ontologies&#41;&#46; In genomic sciences and health&#44; the combination of the semantic relationships of a thesaurus&#44; a terminology alternative and the metadata and search engines would create a tool with unimaginable potential&#46; This is an important endeavor for the field of Library Science research&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:9 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres675633"
          "titulo" => "ABSTRACT"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681775"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres675632"
          "titulo" => "RESUMEN"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681776"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "INTRODUCTION"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "RETRIEVAL APPROACHES USING STRUCTURE OF A THESAURUS"
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "UNIFICATION OF MEDICAL LANGUAGE"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "CONCLUSIONS"
        ]
        8 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "WORKS CITED"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2014-02-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2014-10-09"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681775"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Library Science and Terminology"
            1 => "Automated Information Retrieval"
            2 => "Medical Subjects Headings"
            3 => "Thesauri"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec681776"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Bibliotecolog&#237;a y terminolog&#237;a"
            1 => "Recuperaci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n automatizada"
            2 => "Encabezamientos de temas m&#233;dicos"
            3 => "Tesauros"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "ABSTRACT"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">In the field of genomic science and medicine in general&#44; there are two methods of retrieving information from documents&#44; namely&#58; 1&#41; through the combined use of associations determined by the Medical Subject Headings&#44; and 2&#41; by employing specific terminologies&#44; such as those in folksonomies&#44; alternative medical-genomic terms in use in the general language&#44; or acronyms or apocopes from the genomics field&#46; To some extent&#44; many thinkers in matters of indexing hold that the combination of two methods may be the best approach&#46; While few authors advocate for keeping the structure of controlled vocabularies&#44; built up over many years of content interpretation&#44; unchanged&#44; there are numerous proposals for expanding the search horizons of thesauri&#44; whether through social cataloging&#44; algorithmic domain analyses that contrast indicators or the semantic web&#44; using markers of meaningful semantic lexicons contained in digitized text&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "RESUMEN"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Existen dos m&#233;todos de recuperaci&#243;n de informaci&#243;n de documentos propios de la ciencia gen&#243;mica y de medicina en general&#44; a saber&#58; uno est&#225; basado en el uso combinado de las relaciones determinadas por el Medical Subject Headings&#44; mientras que el otro emplea las terminolog&#237;as particulares&#44; como pueden ser folksonom&#237;as&#44; nombres alternativos de los t&#233;rminos m&#233;dico-gen&#243;micos de uso en el lenguaje m&#225;s general o los acr&#243;nimos o apoc&#243;pes comunes en &#225;reas como la gen&#243;mica&#46; Numerosos te&#243;ricos e indizadores consideran que la combinaci&#243;n de dos m&#233;todos puede funcionar mejor y es capaz de ofrecer mejoras significativas&#46; Pese a que son pocos los autores que pugnan por no modificar la estructura de los vocabularios controlados&#44; construidos a trav&#233;s de a&#241;os de interpretaci&#243;n de contenidos&#44; la multiplicidad de propuestas se re&#250;nen bajo la tendencia de expandir el horizonte de b&#250;squeda de los tesauros&#44; ya sea con la catalogaci&#243;n social&#44; el an&#225;lisis de dominio realizado con algoritmos que contrastan indicadores o la web sem&#225;ntica&#44; a trav&#233;s de la propuesta de marcado de unidades lexicales significativas en los textos digitalizados&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 2127
            "Ancho" => 2532
            "Tamanyo" => 468864
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Exemplification of the functioning of CISMeF</p> <p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Source&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">Douy&#232;re <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">et al&#46;</span> &#40;2004&#58; 255&#41;</a></p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1701
            "Ancho" => 2599
            "Tamanyo" => 348980
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">UMLS Meta-thesaurus Interface&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1414
            "Ancho" => 2513
            "Tamanyo" => 147824
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Operation of umls Meta-thesaurus search on the basis of metadata records and the relationships established between terms&#44; concepts and descriptors&#46;</p> <p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Source&#58; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">Mottaz&#44; 2006</a>&#58; 8</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Labels&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Features&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrconso&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Names&#44; synonyms&#44; terms&#44; types of terms&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrrel&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Semantic relations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrfiles&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">All files of subset&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrhier&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Hierarchies&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrsat&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Attributes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrdef&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Definitions&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrmap&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Assignations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrsmap&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Simplified assignations&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mrsty&#46;rrf</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">Sematic types &#40;organisms&#44; anatomical structures&#44; biological functions&#44; concepts and ideas&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1108054.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Main labels in Rich Release Format &#40;RRF&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "WORKS CITED"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:22 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "Bartol&#44; 2012"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Assessment of indexing trends with specific and general terms for herbal medicine"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Bartol"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/hir.12005"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "285"
                        "paginaFinal" => "295"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23176025"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "Bodenreider et al&#46;&#44; 2002"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Unsupervised&#44; corpus-based method for extending a biomedical terminology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Bodenreider"
                            1 => "T&#46;C&#46; Rindflesch"
                            2 => "A&#46; Burgun"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Procedings of the Workshop on Natural Language Processing in the Biomedical Domain &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">acl</span>-02&#41;"
                        "paginaInicial" => "53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "60"
                        "serieFecha" => "2002"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "Bundschus et al&#46;&#44; 2008"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Statistical modeling of medical indexing processes for biomedical knowledge information discovery from text"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Bundschus"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceedings of 8th International Workshop on Data Mining in Bioinformatics &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">biokdd</span>&#8217;08&#41;"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "paginaFinal" => "17"
                        "serieFecha" => "2008"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "Chute&#44; 2005"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Medical concepts representation"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "C&#46;G&#46; Chute"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Medical informatics&#58; Knowledge management and data mining in biomedicine"
                        "paginaInicial" => "163"
                        "paginaFinal" => "182"
                        "serieFecha" => "2005"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "Darmoni et al&#46;&#44; 2001"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A search tool based on &#8216;encapsulated&#8217; mesh thesaurus to retrieve quality health resources on the internet"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Darmoni"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Medical Informatics and the Internet in Medicine"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "numero" => "3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "165"
                        "paginaFinal" => "178"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11706927"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "Deacon et al&#46;&#44; 2001"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Using metadata to create navigation paths in the HealthInsite internet gateway"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Deacon"
                            1 => "J&#46;B&#46; Smith"
                            2 => "S&#46; Tow"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "18"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                        "paginaFinal" => "29"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11260289"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "Douy&#232;re et al&#46;&#44; 2004"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Enhancing the mesh thesaurus to retrieve french online health resources in a quality-controlled gateway"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Douy&#232;re"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/j.1471-1842.2004.00526.x"
                      "Revista" => array:8 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "numero" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "253"
                        "paginaFinal" => "261"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15606883"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1473309915700502"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14733099"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "Galveza and Moya-Aneg&#243;n&#44; 2006"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Identificaci&#243;n de nombres de genes en la literatura biom&#233;dica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Galveza"
                            1 => "F&#46; Moya-Aneg&#243;n"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Multidisciplinary Information Sciences and Technologies &#40;InSciT2006&#41; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>"
                        "paginaInicial" => "344"
                        "paginaFinal" => "345"
                        "serieFecha" => "2006"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "G&#246;bel et al&#46;&#44; 2001"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> based intelligent search intermediary for Consumer Health Information Systems"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46; G&#246;bel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "64"
                        "numero" => "2&#47;3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "241"
                        "paginaFinal" => "251"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11734389"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "Hassan et al&#46;&#44; 2010"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Hassan&#44; S&#46;&#44; F&#46; Htroy&#44; and O&#46; Palombi&#46; 2010&#46; &#8220;Ontology-guided <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> segmentation&#46;&#8221; Paper presented at <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">focus k3d</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Conference on Semantic 3D Media and Content</span>&#44; Sophia Antipolis&#44; Francia&#44; February 11-12&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "Humphreys and Schuyler&#44; 1993"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The unified medical language system&#58; Moving beyond the vocabulary of bibliographic retrieval"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;L&#46; Humphreys"
                            1 => "P&#46;L&#46; Schuyler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "High-performance medical libraries&#58; Advances in information management for the virtual era"
                        "paginaInicial" => "31"
                        "paginaFinal" => "44"
                        "serieFecha" => "1993"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "Kerdelhu&#233;&#44; 2007"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Utilisation du th&#233;saurus mesh dans le site cismef"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Kerdelhu&#233;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Documentaliste"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "39"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0168827814004619"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01688278"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "Kostoff et al&#46;&#44; 2004"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Information content in medline record fields"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "R&#46;N&#46; Kostoff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2004.02.008"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "numero" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "515"
                        "paginaFinal" => "527"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15171980"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "Leydesdorff et al&#46;&#44; 2012"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Bibliometric perspectives on medical innovation using the Medical Subject Headings &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#41; of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PubMed</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Leydesdorff"
                            1 => "D&#46; Rotolo"
                            2 => "I&#46; Rafols"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "63"
                        "numero" => "11"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2253"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "Meij et al&#46;&#44; 2005"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Combining thesauri-based methods for biomedical retrieval"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Meij"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceedings of the 14th Text retrieval Conference &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">trec</span>-2005&#41;"
                        "serieFecha" => "2005"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "Mottaz&#44; 2006"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:1 [
                  "referenciaCompleta" => "Mottaz&#44; A&#46; 2006&#46; &#8220;Mapping disease annotation in Swiss-Prot to Medical terminology <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh&#8221;</span>&#44; diss&#46;&#44; Suiza&#58; Universidad de Ginebra&#44; Facultad de Ciencias&#44; Facultad de Medicina&#46;"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "Nelson et al&#46;&#44; 2001"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Relationships in Medical Subject Headings &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;J&#46; Nelson"
                            1 => "W&#46;D&#46; Johnson"
                            2 => "B&#46;L&#46; Humphreys"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Relationships in the organization of knowledge&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">ii</span>"
                        "paginaInicial" => "171"
                        "paginaFinal" => "184"
                        "serieFecha" => "2001"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "N&#233;v&#233;ol et al&#46;&#44; 2004"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Using CISMeF <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> &#8216;encapsulated&#8217; terminology and a categorization algorithm for health resources"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46; N&#233;v&#233;ol"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2003.09.004"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "64"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15036079"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "Rajathei David and Samuel&#44; 2012"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Clustering of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">PubMed</span> abstracts using nearer terms of the domain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rajathei David"
                            1 => "S&#46; Samuel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Bioinformation"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "numero" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "20"
                        "paginaFinal" => "25"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22359430"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "Serban and ten Teije&#44; 2009"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Exploiting thesauri knowledge in medical guideline formalization"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Serban"
                            1 => "A&#46; ten Teije"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3414/ME0629"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Methods of Information in Medicine"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "48"
                        "numero" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "468"
                        "paginaFinal" => "474"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19448889"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "Zweigenbaum and Grabar&#44; 2004"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Restoring accents in unknown biomedical words&#58; Application to the french <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> thesaurus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Zweigenbaum"
                            1 => "N&#46; Grabar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "International Journal of Medical Informatics"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "67"
                        "numero" => "1&#47;3"
                        "paginaInicial" => "113"
                        "paginaFinal" => "126"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12460636"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "Zweigenbaum et al&#46;&#44; 2003"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Towards a unified medical lexicon for french"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Zweigenbaum"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Proceedings of <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">mie</span> 2003&#44; 8th International Congress of the European Federation for Medical Informatics"
                        "paginaInicial" => "415"
                        "paginaFinal" => "420"
                        "serieFecha" => "2003"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "lecturaRecomendada" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "vista" => "all"
        "seccion" => array:3 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "vista" => "all"
            "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:3 [
              0 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bib0115"
                "etiqueta" => "Brand-de Heer&#44; 2001"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "A comparison of the coverage of clinical medicine provided by pascal biomed and medline"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "D&#46;L&#46; Brand-de Heer"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:8 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Health Information and Libraries Journal"
                          "fecha" => "2001"
                          "volumen" => "18"
                          "numero" => "2"
                          "paginaInicial" => "110"
                          "paginaFinal" => "116"
                          "link" => array:1 [
                            0 => array:2 [
                              "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11780731"
                              "web" => "Medline"
                            ]
                          ]
                          "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                            "pii" => "S0140673614604943"
                            "estado" => "S300"
                            "issn" => "01406736"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              1 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bib0120"
                "etiqueta" => "Pastor S&#225;nchez&#44; 2011"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Metadatos y ontolog&#237;as"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:1 [
                              0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Pastor S&#225;nchez"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Libro" => array:6 [
                          "titulo" => "Tecnolog&#237;as de la Web sem&#225;ntica"
                          "fecha" => "2011"
                          "paginaInicial" => "21"
                          "paginaFinal" => "29"
                          "editorial" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">voc</span>"
                          "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
              2 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bib0125"
                "etiqueta" => "Soualmia et al&#46;&#44; 2004"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:1 [
                    "referenciaCompleta" => "Soualmia&#44; L&#46;F&#46;&#44; C&#46; Golbreich&#44; and S&#46; J&#46; Darmoni&#46; 2004&#46; &#8220;Representing the <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span> in <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">owl</span>&#58; Towards a semi-automatic migration&#46;&#8221; Paper presented at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Formal Biomedical Knowledge Representation &#40;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kr-med</span></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">2004&#41;</span>&#44; Whistler Mountain&#44; Canad&#225;&#44; July 9-10&#46;"
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To cite this article as an online journal&#58;</span></span>"
            "vista" => "all"
            "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bib0130"
                "etiqueta" => "Mor&#225;n Reyes et al&#46;&#44; 2016"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "Reyes Mor&#225;n"
                              1 => "Ariel Antonio"
                              2 => "Pe&#241;a Catalina Naumis"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Investigaci&#243;n Bibliotecol&#243;gica&#58; Archivonom&#237;a&#44; Bibliotecolog&#237;a e Informaci&#243;n"
                          "fecha" => "2016"
                          "volumen" => "68"
                          "paginaInicial" => "109"
                          "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">To cite this article from an information service&#58;</span></span>"
            "vista" => "all"
            "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:3 [
                "identificador" => "bib0135"
                "etiqueta" => "Mor&#225;n Reyes et al&#46;&#44; 2016"
                "referencia" => array:1 [
                  0 => array:2 [
                    "contribucion" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:2 [
                        "titulo" => "Methods and trends of biomedical and genomic information retrieval based on semantic relations of thesauri and <span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">m</span>e<span class="elsevierStyleSmallCaps">sh</span>"
                        "autores" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "etal" => false
                            "autores" => array:3 [
                              0 => "Reyes Mor&#225;n"
                              1 => "Ariel Antonio"
                              2 => "Pe&#241;a Catalina Naumis"
                            ]
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                    "host" => array:1 [
                      0 => array:1 [
                        "Revista" => array:5 [
                          "tituloSerie" => "Investigaci&#243;n Bibliotecol&#243;gica&#58; Archivonom&#237;a&#44; Bibliotecolog&#237;a e Informaci&#243;n"
                          "fecha" => "2016"
                          "volumen" => "68"
                          "paginaInicial" => "109"
                          "paginaFinal" => "123"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300326/v1_201606210024/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "51220"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/0187358X/000000300000068S/v1_201606210024/S0187358X16300326/v1_201606210024/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0187358X16300326?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 0187358X
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.ibbai.2016.06.006

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 October	10	2	12
2024 September	23	11	34
2024 August	22	8	30
2024 July	14	4	18
2024 June	22	5	27
2024 May	23	1	24
2024 April	33	3	36
2024 March	24	4	28
2024 February	14	4	18
2024 January	42	5	47
2023 December	26	9	35
2023 November	14	5	19
2023 October	12	8	20
2023 September	5	2	7
2023 August	6	7	13
2023 July	7	7	14
2023 June	3	1	4
2023 May	14	3	17
2023 April	16	3	19
2023 March	8	1	9
2023 February	17	6	23
2023 January	17	4	21
2022 December	19	3	22
2022 November	27	7	34
2022 October	17	14	31
2022 September	13	8	21
2022 August	18	13	31
2022 July	9	13	22
2022 June	9	3	12
2022 May	23	7	30
2022 April	18	6	24
2022 March	16	8	24
2022 February	8	10	18
2022 January	13	5	18
2021 December	11	10	21
2021 November	15	11	26
2021 October	15	9	24
2021 September	13	7	20
2021 August	13	9	22
2021 July	2	5	7
2021 June	12	3	15
2021 May	11	9	20
2021 April	27	18	45
2021 March	10	3	13
2021 February	11	8	19
2021 January	15	11	26
2020 December	8	4	12
2020 November	13	8	21
2020 October	7	9	16
2020 September	6	5	11
2020 August	10	13	23
2020 July	6	9	15
2020 June	8	8	16
2020 May	9	2	11
2020 April	4	4	8
2020 March	6	3	9
2020 February	9	1	10
2020 January	9	9	18
2019 December	11	4	15
2019 November	6	4	10
2019 October	9	2	11
2019 September	9	0	9
2019 August	4	4	8
2019 July	12	7	19
2019 June	20	21	41
2019 May	64	21	85
2019 April	37	10	47
2019 March	5	6	11
2019 February	5	6	11
2019 January	3	0	3
2018 December	2	3	5
2018 November	4	4	8
2018 October	10	14	24
2018 September	19	9	28
2018 August	3	5	8
2018 July	4	1	5
2018 June	12	1	13
2018 May	19	7	26
2018 April	1	7	8
2018 March	7	1	8
2018 February	7	1	8
2018 January	11	1	12
2017 December	8	2	10
2017 November	8	1	9
2017 October	12	1	13
2017 September	10	13	23
2017 August	10	3	13
2017 July	8	5	13
2017 June	27	21	48
2017 May	22	17	39
2017 April	12	10	22
2017 March	20	34	54
2017 February	16	15	31
2017 January	13	0	13
2016 December	16	4	20
2016 November	16	7	23
2016 October	25	12	37
2016 September	576	2	578
2016 August	14	3	17
2016 July	16	5	21
2016 June	5	2	7

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter