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Vol. 3. Issue 7.
Pages 133-160 (January 2007)
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Vol. 3. Issue 7.
Pages 133-160 (January 2007)
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El debate sobre la “Gran Divergencia” y las bases institucionales del desarrollo económico
The debate over the “Great Divergence” and the institutional basis of economic development
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Enrique Ibáñez Rojo
Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Madrid
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Resumen

El presente trabajo recoge las principales aportaciones de la nueva historiografía sobre el Oriente asiático que ponen en cuestión el supuesto de que las economías europeas tuvieron un desempeño excepcional en los siglos previos a la Revolución Industrial e insisten, en cambio, en el carácter abrupto y tardío de la divergencia en sus trayectorias de desarrollo. Los hallazgos de esa nueva historiografía refuerzan, en primer lugar, la idea de que el dinamismo mercantil es compatible con marcos institucionales muy diversos. Por otro lado, tienden a señalar que en la emergencia del crecimiento económico sostenido concurrieron factores causales diversos, producto de lógicas distintas, que en ningún caso cabe reducir al perfeccionamiento progresivo de las instituciones económicas y el desarrollo gradual de mercados más eficientes. El artículo concluye con una breve reflexión sobre las implicaciones de ese debate historiográfico para la teorización sobre los fundamentos del desarrollo económico.

Palabras clave:
Desarrollo económico
Comparaciones
Europa
China
Abstract

This article brings together the main contributions of the recent historiography on East Asia which questions the traditional idea about the “exceptionalism” of European economic performance in the centuries prior to the industrial revolution. They suggest instead that divergence in their development paths was a rather late and abrupt phenomenon. The findings of this historiography reinforce, in the first place, the idea that commercial dynamism can occur within very different institutional frameworks. Second, they suggest that the emergence of sustained economic growth was the result of various causal factors which cannot be reduced to the gradual improvement of economic institutions and the development of more efficient markets. The article concludes with a brief reflection on the implications of this historiographical debate for our theorization on the basis of economic development.

Key words:
Economic development
Comparisons
Europe
China
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