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Vol. 6. Issue 17.
Pages 11-38 (June 2010)
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Vol. 6. Issue 17.
Pages 11-38 (June 2010)
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Was There Ever a Ruling Class? A Proposal for the study of 800 Years of Social Mobility
¿Hubo alguna vez una clase dominante? Una propuesta para el estudio de 800 años de movilidad social
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Gregory Clark
University of California, Davis
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Abstract

This paper reports on a preliminary investigation of surnames distributions as a measure long run social mobility. In England this suggests two surprising claims. First, England, all the way from the heart of the Middle Ages in 1250 to at least 1860, was a society without persistent social classes. It was a world of social mobility, with no permanent over-class and under-class, a world of complete equal opportunity. There was, however, a gain from being in the upper class in any generation in the form of leaving more copies of your DNA permanently in later populations. Second, signs of persistent social classes have only emerged in societies like England and the United States in recent years. Instead of moving from a world of immobility and class rigidity to a world of equal opportunity, we have moved in the opposite direction.

Key words:
Intergenerational Mobility
Inequality
Resumen

Este artículo presenta los primeros resultados de una investigación sobre la distribución de apellidos como medida de la movilidad social a largo plazo. En Inglaterra esto sugiere dos sorprendentes afirmaciones. En primer lugar, que desde 1250 hasta al menos 1860 no hubo una sociedad con clases sociales constantes. Se trataba de un mundo de amplia movilidad social, sin clase alta ni baja permanente: un mundo en definitiva de completa igualdad de oportunidades. Sin embargo, la ventaja de pertenecer a la clase más alta en cualquier generación derivaba de la posibilidad delegar más copias del ADN de uno mismo a poblaciones venideras. En segundo lugar, los signos que muestran la existencia de clases sociales constantes en sociedades como la inglesa o la norteamericana solamente han aparecido en los últimos años. En lugar de pasar de una sociedad inmóvil y de clases rígidas hacia un mundo de igualdad de oportunidades, nos hemos movido en la dirección contraria.

Palabras clave:
Movilidad Intergeneracional
Desigualdad
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Copyright © 2010. Asociación Española de Historia Económica
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