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Inicio Medicina Clínica Aspectos actuales de la listeriosis
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Vol. 154. Issue 11.
Pages 453-458 (June 2020)
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Vol. 154. Issue 11.
Pages 453-458 (June 2020)
Revisión
Aspectos actuales de la listeriosis
Current aspects of listeriosis
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25
José Antonio Lepe
Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Medicina Preventiva, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, España
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Resumen

La importancia de la listeriosis no está suficientemente reconocida. Su incidencia general se muestra estable en los últimos años, pero con una tendencia al alza en mayores de 65 años, también en mortalidad.

La listeriosis es una enfermedad transmitida por alimentos que ocurre generalmente en forma de casos esporádicos; sin embargo, las nuevas técnicas de tipificación molecular han puesto de manifiesto la existencia de brotes epidémicos no sospechados con anterioridad.

La enfermedad presenta un periodo de incubación variable y relacionado con la presentación clínica. La bacteriemia y la neurolisteriosis son las formas clínicas predominantes, aunque en la actualidad el principal interés se focaliza en el manejo de las infecciones focales y las asociadas a dispositivos protésicos.

La listeriosis es un problema significativo para la industria alimentaria, y muchos países han introducido legislación para controlar la incidencia de la enfermedad.

Palabras clave:
Listeriosis
Virulencia
Epidemiología
Fisiopatogénesis
Aspectos clínicos
Tratamiento
Abstract

The importance of listeriosis is not sufficiently recognised. The general incidence of infection has been stable in recent years, but with an upward trend in people over 65, also in mortality.

Listeriosis is a foodborne disease that generally occurs in the form of sporadic cases; however, new molecular typing techniques have revealed the existence of epidemic outbreaks not previously suspected.

The disease has a variable incubation period, which is related to the clinical presentation. Bacteraemia and neurolisteriosis are the predominant clinical forms, although at present, the main interest is focused on the management of focal infections and those associated with prosthetic devices.

Listeriosis is a significant problem for the food industry, and many countries have introduced legislation to control the incidence of the disease.

Keywords:
Listeriosis
Virulence
Epidemiology
Physiopathogenesis
Clinical aspects
Treatment

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