array:24 [ "pii" => "S2387020616306064" "issn" => "23870206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.10.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-09-16" "aid" => "3619" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U.. All rights reserved" "copyrightAnyo" => "2016" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2016;147:248-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0025775316300811" "issn" => "00257753" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2016.04.007" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-09-16" "aid" => "3619" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2016;147:248-9" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 54 "formatos" => array:2 [ "HTML" => 41 "PDF" => 13 ] ] "es" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial</span>" "titulo" => "Tos crónica. La necesidad de optimizar su tratamiento" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "249" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Chronic cough. The need to optimize its management" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Adalberto Pacheco" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Adalberto" "apellidos" => "Pacheco" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2387020616306064" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.10.008" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616306064?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775316300811?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/00257753/0000014700000006/v1_201609140115/S0025775316300811/v1_201609140115/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S2387020616306040" "issn" => "23870206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.10.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-09-16" "aid" => "3574" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "rev" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2016;147:250-6" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review</span>" "titulo" => "Medical indications for acupuncture: Systematic review" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "250" "paginaFinal" => "256" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Indicaciones médicas de la acupuntura: revisión sistemática" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1692 "Ancho" => 2123 "Tamanyo" => 201797 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Flowchart of reviews.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Juan Muñoz-Ortego, Maite Solans-Domènech, Carme Carrion" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan" "apellidos" => "Muñoz-Ortego" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Maite" "apellidos" => "Solans-Domènech" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Carme" "apellidos" => "Carrion" ] 3 => array:1 [ "colaborador" => "on behalf of ABE Working Group" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0025775316001822" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2016.02.029" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775316001822?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616306040?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23870206/0000014700000006/v1_201612070134/S2387020616306040/v1_201612070134/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S238702061630612X" "issn" => "23870206" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcle.2016.10.014" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2016-09-16" "aid" => "3652" "copyright" => "Elsevier España, S.L.U." "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "crp" "cita" => "Med Clin. 2016;147:245-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Brief report</span>" "titulo" => "Expression of miR-22 and miR-150 in type 1 diabetes mellitus: Possible relationship with autoimmunity and clinical characteristics" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "247" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Expresión de miR-22 y miR-150 en diabetes mellitus tipo 1: posible asociación con autoinmunidad y características clínicas de la enfermedad" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Fig. 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 910 "Ancho" => 1715 "Tamanyo" => 67421 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relative expression of miR-150 in peripheral mononuclear cells stimulated with different concentrations of glucose (control, 11<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM, 25<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM). RNU48 was used as normalization control. Data were analyzed with 2-way ANOVA followed by a Sidak's posthoc. * <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0.05.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Santiago Estrella, Diego F. Garcia-Diaz, Ethel Codner, Patricia Camacho-Guillén, Francisco Pérez-Bravo" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Santiago" "apellidos" => "Estrella" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diego F." "apellidos" => "Garcia-Diaz" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ethel" "apellidos" => "Codner" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Patricia" "apellidos" => "Camacho-Guillén" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Francisco" "apellidos" => "Pérez-Bravo" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0025775316301646" "doi" => "10.1016/j.medcli.2016.05.016" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0025775316301646?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S238702061630612X?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/23870206/0000014700000006/v1_201612070134/S238702061630612X/v1_201612070134/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Editorial article</span>" "titulo" => "Chronic cough. The need to optimize its management" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "248" "paginaFinal" => "249" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "autoresLista" => "Adalberto Pacheco" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Adalberto" "apellidos" => "Pacheco" "email" => array:2 [ 0 => "apacheco.hrc@salud.madrid.org" 1 => "doctorpachecogalvan@gmail.com" ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Tos Crónica y Asma de Difícil Control, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Tos crónica. La necesidad de optimizar su tratamiento" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with chronic cough, or cough that persists beyond 8 weeks, the priority is to find out if this symptom is connected to something serious, and, for this reason, a chest X-ray is essential (with the possibility of a serious problem like a bronchogenic cancer or lung fibrosis) together with an spirometry, because chronic cough may be showing an obstructive pattern of the lower airway in its initial phase, either chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma with a fixed airway obstruction. It is then necessary to determine whether chronic cough occurs in isolation or associated with other respiratory symptoms such as dyspnoea, haemoptysis or expectoration, or upper airway symptoms, either rhinitis-sinusitis or laryngeal problems, as the pharyngolaryngeal area is the area of greatest presence of cough receptors, compatible with its role as “entrance guard” of the lower airway.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Once it is clear that the presence of chronic cough is a predominant symptom, the diagnostic work is simplified, as chronic cough can be linked to just a few causes, namely: airway involvement, both upper (upper airway cough syndrome) and lower (eosinophilic or neutrophilic inflammation), or to gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR). However, this chronic cough diagnostic–therapeutic triad, known since the work of Irving in the 80s, has undergone a spectacular development in recent years, leading to consensus documents, such as the one endorsed by the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">ERS Task Force-Chronic Cough</span>,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> due to the need to update the technological advances in order to deepen its diagnosis and treatment. However, today, it is still recognized that up to two thirds of patients with chronic cough who receive the diagnostic and therapeutic triad approach do not get a satisfactory treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> The main reason lies in the lack of knowledge concerning the upper airway involvement, GOR and a cough neurological mechanism disorder.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Dysfunctions in the 2 cough reflex mechanism key stations, the peripheral station (the triad already mentioned) and the central station (which resides in the bulbar cough centre), set a new concept of chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder, that is, based on a neurogenic inflammation, which has anatomical and physiopathological similarities with the neurological mechanism of chronic pain.</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the study of chronic cough, the detection of eosinophilic inflammation in the airway links the aetiology of chronic cough to asthma, although with specific characteristics, as in the so-called cough-predominant asthma there is no airflow variability detected; another entity with eosinophilic inflammation and chronic cough is the so called eosinophilic bronchitis, in which bronchial hyperreactivity is not detected. In both situations, inhaled glucocorticoids can alleviate chronic cough. However, the extent of eosinophilic inflammation of the airway is not very well known. This reaction linked to Th2 lymphocyte is apparently dependent on the natural immunity status of the individual to a variety of stimuli, not only allergenic. Recently, in gastric aspirates of mice, it was demonstrated that the strains genetically determined to a Th2 response manifested an eosinophilic reaction, and that those who did not have that genetic basis showed a Th1 reaction with a stronger neutrophil link.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4,5</span></a> Extrapolation of these findings to human asthma is worthy of attention, because today it is assumed that the underlying inflammation in adult asthma is divided almost 50–50% between eosinophil and neutrophil predominance. Where the latter type of inflammation occurs, according to a new and enlightening work by Simpson et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0105"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> asthma is then associated to conditions such as laryngeal hyperreactivity and GOR, and is accompanied by a greater presence of chronic cough in comparison to the eosinophilic asthma group.</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">If we analyze in depth the signs and symptoms of chronic cough, we often find an association between laryngeal symptoms and/or rhinitis-sinusitis, which helps focus the diagnosis based on the “unified airway (upper and lower)” concept, although in order to etiologically justify this bifocality, the possible entry of a binding factor, such as GOR, can be considered. Today it is known that when GOR reaches the larynx (the so-called laryngopharyngeal reflux), in 70% of cases the patient does not refer the typical symptoms such as retrosternal heartburn or regurgitation. Moreover, it is very important to note that the relationship can be established not only with the liquid reflux, but also with the aerosolized, as highlighted in recent studies conducted with the Restech<span class="elsevierStyleSup">®</span> probe placed in the larynx for 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h, as changes of pH were observed in relation to such aerosolized particles, so the patient may have coughed just due to its toxic action on the sensitive laryngeal tissue.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> Furthermore, Johnston et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> demonstrated that gastric pepsin was taken up by laryngeal epithelium cells still with an alkaline pH, whereby the reducing action of the acidity of the proton-pump inhibitors (PPI), the standard treatment of chronic cough by GOR, might not be enough to achieve a beneficial effect. Little is known yet of the effect of that deposit in the larynx, but there is speculation about their adverse action on nerve fibres lining the laryngeal tissues from the vagus nerve, which in the long term could lead to a larynx dysfunction, pointed by chronic cough, but this time with the label of “neurogenic” chronic cough, which the patient expresses with exclusively laryngeal symptoms, among which the said cough stands out. This is perhaps the most complicated chronic cough to treat, referred to by the chronic cougher as cough but also accompanied by a group of symptoms such as itching, tingling, clogged mucus, hoarseness and a globus pharyngeus sensation; that is, a set of symptoms that Australian researchers have termed “laryngeal hypersensitivity syndrome in chronic cough”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> and support it on the basis of extrathoracic or laryngeal hyperreactivity, which is usually expressed as a paradoxical vocal-cord dysfunction, which the patient reports as exertional dyspnoea but with inspiratory prevalence, and where chronic cough manifests as a reactive mechanism for vocal cord opening.</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two highly relevant issues need to be investigated in the medical history of the patient with chronic cough: (1) many asthmatics of all types also experience chronic cough and laryngeal symptoms, and, (2) dyspnoea is not fully expiratory as would be expected in traditional asthma because there is an inspiratory component that is more closely linked to the extrathoracic airway. The chronic cough that many asthmatics refer to as a prevalent symptom in their dyspnoea constitutes an “tell-tale” of their asthma, sometimes refractory to standard treatment with glucocorticoids, is more linked to the upper airway, specifically the larynx, as demonstrated in recent research on the larynx's spastic state during asthmatic crises.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> Actually, the presence of chronic cough as a predominant symptom should regularly force us to look beyond the lower airway.</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The spearhead of the research is now leading us to assess the effects of highly toxic components, mainly hydrochloric acid, pepsin and bile salts, both on the upper airway as on the lower airway, as supposedly decisive in the respiratory disease that becomes evident by means of chronic cough. For example, an investigation is currently underway in the UK, sponsored by the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">British Lung Foundation</span>, on the role of GOR in idiopathic interstitial fibrosis and the potential beneficial effect of PPIs, and also about the interdependent relationship between asthma and GOR–whether by reflex mechanism or microaspiration–assuming that the reflux acts as an inductor or as an agent that simply complicates the course of any asthma.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11,12</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the larynx is the organ that has the largest number of cough receptors, is now deserving utmost attention when the patient claims to have chronic cough, because its scope ranges from rhinitis-sinusitis to reflux, as the larynx is the crossing point between the upper airway and the oesophagus; but also because when the harmful toxic action becomes chronic, the innervation of the area may be affected and then actions such as the rehabilitation of the larynx may be necessary, in addition to intervening on the neurological mechanisms of cough. The mechanism of cough hypersensitivity has meant that, currently, in Europe, we call this problem the “hypersensitivity syndrome associated with chronic cough”, with peripheral–the so called triad–and central stations.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,13</span></a> As it happens with chronic pain, eventually, an increased pathological sensitivity can be established in the bulbar cough centre, which means that small mechanical, thermal or chemical, cough-inducing stimuli, or even trivial, such as talking or singing, may result in patients developing a chronic debilitating cough and, too often, long-lasting. In such cases, recent research on refractory chronic cough has achieved promising results with neuromodulators such as amitriptyline, tramadol, gabapentin or pregabalin.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> Baclofen has a dual role in the treatment of chronic cough, not only as a normalizing agent for excessive or lasting openings of the lower oesophageal sphincter, key in the genesis of GOR, but as GABA<span class="elsevierStyleInf">B</span> receptor agonist in the central nervous system.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As a summary, chronic cough must be analyzed through a comprehensive questionnaire for 3 reasons. First: it can be a tell-tale symptom of a serious disease. Second: it can place a diagnostic problem in the corresponding anatomical location from where it issues, either the lower airway, larynx, sinus, GOR or neurological circuit. And the third and most complex is that the presence of chronic cough may show a series of interconnected entities such as asthma or COPD, interstitial fibrosis, obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea through the toxic reflux, a research field that is even closer to a gastroenterologist or otolaryngologist. All this points to pulmonologists as recipients of the great majority of that 7% of general population patients with chronic cough, which does not necessarily originate in a lower airway problem. Consequently, they should better assess this symptom for the sake of greater diagnostic and therapeutic accuracy.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Pacheco A. Tos crónica. La necesidad de optimizar su tratamiento. Med Clin (Barc). 2016;147:248–249.</p>" ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:15 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Expert opinion on the cough hypersensitivity syndrome in respiratory medicine" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.H. Morice" 1 => "E. Millqvist" 2 => "M.G. Belvisi" 3 => "K. Bieksiene" 4 => "S.S. Birring" 5 => "K.F. Chung" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1183/09031936.00218613" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Respir J" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "1132" "paginaFinal" => "1148" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25142479" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "New insights in cough" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "A. Woodcock" 1 => "E.C. Young" 2 => "J.A. Smith" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/bmb/ldq034" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Br Med Bull" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "96" "paginaInicial" => "61" "paginaFinal" => "73" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21030396" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic cough: from a complex dysfunction of the neurological circuit to the production of persistent cough" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "A. Pacheco" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/thoraxjnl-2014-205661" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Thorax" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "69" "paginaInicial" => "881" "paginaFinal" => "883" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24969642" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Increased expression of cytokines and adhesion molecules in rat chronic esophagitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Hamaguchi" 1 => "Y. Fujiwara" 2 => "T. Takashima" 3 => "T. Hayakawa" 4 => "E. Sasaki" 5 => "M. Shiba" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "75698" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Digestion" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "68" "paginaInicial" => "189" "paginaFinal" => "197" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14691346" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A novel rat model to determine interaction between reflux oesophagitis and bronchial asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Sugawa" 1 => "Y. Fujiwara" 2 => "H. Yamagami" 3 => "K. Watanabe" 4 => "T. Tanigawa" 5 => "M. Shiba" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/gut.2007.138461" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Gut" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "57" "paginaInicial" => "575" "paginaFinal" => "581" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18222984" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neutrophilic asthma is characterised by increased rhinosinusitis with sleep disturbance and GERD" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.L. Simpson" 1 => "K.J. Baines" 2 => "N. Ryan" 3 => "P.G. Gibson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.12932/AP0322.32.1.2014" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "66" "paginaFinal" => "74" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24641293" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Oropharyngeal pH monitoring for the detection of liquid and aerosolized supraesophageal gastric reflux" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G.J. Wiener" 1 => "R. Tsukashima" 2 => "C. Kelly" 3 => "E. Wolf" 4 => "M. Schmeltzer" 5 => "C. Bankert" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jvoice.2007.12.005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Voice" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "498" "paginaFinal" => "504" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18468849" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Activity/stability of human pepsin: implications for reflux attributed laryngeal disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "N. Johnston" 1 => "P.W. Dettmar" 2 => "B. Bishwokarma" 3 => "M.O. Lively" 4 => "J.A. Koufman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/MLG.0b013e31804154c3" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Laryngoscope" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "117" "paginaInicial" => "1036" "paginaFinal" => "1039" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17417109" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mechanisms of cough" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P.G. Gibson" 1 => "J.L. Simpson" 2 => "N.M. Ryan" 3 => "A.E. Vertigan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1097/ACI.0000000000000027" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol" "fecha" => "2014" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "55" "paginaFinal" => "61" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24345788" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abnormal vocal cord function in difficult-to-treat asthma" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Low" 1 => "K.K. Lau" 2 => "P. Holmes" 3 => "M. Crossett" 4 => "N. Vallance" 5 => "D. Phyland" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1164/rccm.201010-1604OC" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Respir Crit Care Med" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "184" "paginaInicial" => "50" "paginaFinal" => "56" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21471099" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reflux-associated oxygen desaturations: usefulness in diagnosing reflux-related respiratory symptoms" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "C.L. Wilshire" 1 => "R. Salvador" 2 => "B. Sepesi" 3 => "S. Niebisch" 4 => "T.J. Watson" 5 => "V.R. Litle" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s11605-012-2065-5" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Gastrointest Surg" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "17" "paginaInicial" => "30" "paginaFinal" => "38" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23143640" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The influence of gastroesophageal reflux in the lung: a case-control study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Mise" 1 => "V. Capkun" 2 => "A. Jurcev-Savicevic" 3 => "Z. Sundov" 4 => "A. Bradaric" 5 => "S. Mladinov" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/j.1440-1843.2010.01777.x" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Respirology" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "837" "paginaFinal" => "842" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20546193" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Tos crónica. Normativa SEPAR" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Pacheco" 1 => "A. de Diego" 2 => "C. Domingo" 3 => "A. Lamas" 4 => "R. Gutierrez" 5 => "K. Naberan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.arbres.2015.03.019" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Bronconeumol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "51" "paginaInicial" => "579" "paginaFinal" => "589" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26165783" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Chronic cough as a neuropathic disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.F. Chung" 1 => "L. McGarvey" 2 => "S.B. Mazzone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70043-2" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet Respir Med" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "414" "paginaFinal" => "422" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24429206" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1525861013006695" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "15258610" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "NMDA and GABA receptors as potential targets in cough hypersensitivity syndrome" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "K.F. Chung" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.coph.2015.03.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Curr Opin Pharmacol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "36" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25792008" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/23870206/0000014700000006/v1_201612070134/S2387020616306064/v1_201612070134/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "46797" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Editorial article" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/23870206/0000014700000006/v1_201612070134/S2387020616306064/v1_201612070134/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2387020616306064?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
Journal Information
Vol. 147. Issue 6.
Pages 248-249 (September 2016)
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 147. Issue 6.
Pages 248-249 (September 2016)
Editorial article
Chronic cough. The need to optimize its management
Tos crónica. La necesidad de optimizar su tratamiento
Visits
3
Adalberto Pacheco
Unidad de Tos Crónica y Asma de Difícil Control, Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
This item has received
Article information
These are the options to access the full texts of the publication Medicina Clínica (English Edition)
Subscriber
Subscribe
Purchase
Contact
Phone for subscriptions and reporting of errors
From Monday to Friday from 9 a.m. to 6 p.m. (GMT + 1) except for the months of July and August which will be from 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.
Calls from Spain
932 415 960
Calls from outside Spain
+34 932 415 960
E-mail