Microvascular thrombosis and clinical implications

Abstract

Thrombosis is often present in the microcirculation in a variety of significant human diseases, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombotic microangiopathy, sickle cell disease, and others. Further, microvascular thrombosis has recently been demonstrated in patients with COVID-19, and has been proposed to mediate the pathogenesis of organ injury in the lung and other organs. In many of these conditions, microvascular thrombosis is accompanied by inflammation, an association referred to as thromboinflammation or immunothrombosis. A greater understanding of the links between inflammation and thrombosis in the microcirculation will provide new therapeutic options for human diseases accompanied by microvascular thrombosis.

Resumen

La trombosis en la microcirculación está presente en numerosas situaciones clínicas, como coagulación intravascular diseminada, microangiopatía trombótica o anemia falciforme, entre otras. Asimismo, se ha demostrado trombosis microvascular en pacientes con COVID-19 como un mecanismo patogénico implicado en la lesión tisular pulmonar y de otros órganos. La trombosis microvascular se acompaña frecuentemente de inflamación, una asociación conocida como tromboinflamación o inmunotrombosis. El conocimiento de las interacciones entre inflamación y trombosis abre nuevas perspectivas en el tratamiento de enfermedades que cursan con trombosis microvascular.