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Letter to the Editor
Pneumatosis of portal vein: A report of 5 cases
Neumatosis de la vena porta: presentación de 5 casos
Fangfei Wang, Shaocheng Lyu, Qiang He
Corresponding author
heqiang349@163.com

Corresponding author.
Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.8, Gongtinan Road, Chaoyang District, 100020 Beijing, China
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Portal venous gas &#40;PVG&#41; refers to the abnormal accumulation of gas in portal vein and intrahepatic portal vein branches due to various reasons&#46; At present&#44; CT is an important auxiliary examination for definite diagnosis&#46; Now we report the general information and diagnosis and treatment of 5 patients with pneumatosis of portal vein in our hospital&#46; Among them&#44; 3 cases were seriously ill and could not tolerate operation&#46; Finally&#44; 5 patients received conservative treatment&#44; 3 patients were cured and 2 patient died&#46; The characteristics of the 5 patients were analyzed and the related literature was reviewed&#46; The results showed that the patients with mild portal vein pneumatosis could be treated conservatively and the changes of the disease should be closely observed&#46; If the condition could not be controlled or suspected of intestinal necrosis&#44; intestinal perforation or severe infection&#44; emergency surgery should be actively carried out &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The 5 patients above were 4 males and 1 female&#44; aged 22&#8211;83 years&#44; with acute abdomen caused by intestinal obstruction and cavity pressure rise&#46; In addition&#44; 3 patients also had severe abdominal infection symptoms &#40;fever&#44; elevated white blood cells&#44; and signs of peritonitis&#41;&#46; The other 2 patients only showed abdominal distension with slight abdominal pain after stopping exhaust and defecation&#44; without fever and peritonitis&#46; 5 patients with PVG were diagnosed by plain abdominal CT scan&#46; In 3 patients with severe infection&#44; the gas in portal vein extended to the secondary branch of portal vein&#46; And in 2 patients with mild symptoms&#44; the gas in portal vein only appeared in the third branch of portal vein&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are 2 treatment methods for PVG&#58; surgical treatment and conservative treatment&#46; The choice of different treatment methods mainly depends on the primary disease and the severity of the disease&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In the past&#44; PVG was generally considered to be associated with intestinal necrosis&#44; so it was considered as the surgical indication for abdominal exploration in acute abdomen&#46; In 1978&#44; Liebman<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> and others first reviewed and analyzed the literature about PVG&#46; The incidence of intestinal necrosis in 64 patients with PVG was 72&#37;&#44; and the overall mortality rate was 75&#37;&#46; However&#44; with the deepening of the understanding of PVG&#44; it is considered that conservative treatment should be tried for patients with mild symptoms&#44; stable vital signs or poor general conditions that are not suitable for surgery&#46; The conservative treatment programs mainly include the fasting water&#44; gastrointestinal decompression&#44; intravenous nutrition support treatment&#44; anti-inflammatory treatment&#44; etc&#46; In the conservative process&#44; it was possible to closely observe the changes of the condition&#44; and adopted surgical treatment when the condition could not be controlled&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> However&#44; patients who are highly suspected to have intestinal necrosis&#44; intestinal perforation or severe infection at the beginning should be actively treated with emergency surgery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Among the 5 patients&#44; 2 elderly patients gave up surgical exploration due to the history of coronary heart disease and unstable angina pectoris&#46; The young patient with severe infection was given conservative treatment first&#44; however the disease progressed rapidly and deteriorated quickly&#46; The 2 patients with mild symptoms were treated with conservative treatment including anti-inflammatory&#44; gastrointestinal decompression and nutritional support&#46; Finally&#44; the young one elderly patient died during the observation period&#44; and the remaining three patients were cured&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It can be seen that PVG is not the indication of surgical exploration for acute abdomen&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Once found&#44; it is necessary to carefully evaluate whether there is intestinal ischemia and necrosis in patients&#46; Dynamic assessment should be made according to the etiology&#44; vital signs and changes of auxiliary examination&#44; so as to avoid improper selection of treatment plan and delay of treatment opportunity&#46; For patients with mild symptoms&#44; stable vital signs or poor general conditions&#44; conservative treatment such as fasting water&#44; gastrointestinal decompression&#44; intravenous nutrition support&#44; anti-inflammatory treatment can be tried first&#59; for patients with intestinal necrosis&#44; active surgical treatment should be taken&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Contributors</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">HQ proposed the study&#46; WFF and LSC performed the research and wrote the first draft&#46; LSC and WFF had equal contribution to the study&#46; All authors contributed to the design and interpretation of the study and to further drafts&#46; HQ is the guarantor&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Ethical approval</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Yes&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Funding</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No benefits in any form have been received or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this article&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Article information
ISSN: 00257753
Original language: English
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