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Inicio Medicina Clínica Avances en el conocimiento de la biología del osteoclasto: el sistema osteoprot...
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Vol. 122. Issue 2.
Pages 75-77 (January 2004)
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Vol. 122. Issue 2.
Pages 75-77 (January 2004)
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Avances en el conocimiento de la biología del osteoclasto: el sistema osteoprotegerina-ligando del RANK
Advances in ostheochlast biology: the osteoprotegerin-RANK ligand system
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Manuel Muñoz-Torres
Corresponding author
mmt@ssash.com

Correspondencia: Pza. Isabel la Católica, 2. 18009 Granada. España.
, Magdalena de la Higuera López-Frías, Diego Fernández García
Unidad de Metabolismo Óseo. Servicio de Endocrinología y Nutrición. Hospital Universitario San Cecilio. Granada. España.
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La diferenciación y activación de los osteoclastos, células especializadas que degradan la matriz ósea, se encuentran reguladas de forma decisiva por el sistema paracrino osteoprotegerina (OPG)-ligando del receptor activador del factor nuclear kB (RANKL). La osteoprotegerina es una proteína soluble, similar a otros miembros de la superfamilia del factor de necrosis tumoral, que actúa como receptor señuelo del RANKL. Su actividad biológica contrarresta los efectos del RANKL al competir por la activación del receptor activador del factor nuclear kB y de esta forma inhibe la diferenciación y activación de osteoclastos y disminuye la resorción ósea. El papel decisivo de este sistema en la regulación del metabolismo óseo se ha demostrado por el hallazgo de fenotipos extremos (osteoporosis frente a osteopetrosis) en modelos animales. Futuros estudios sobre estos factores permitirán desarrollar fármacos para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis y otras enfermedades metabólicas óseas.

Palabras clave:
Osteoclasto
Osteoprotegerina
Ligando de RANK
Osteoporosis

The differentiation and activation of osteoclasts –specialized cells that degrade the bone matrix– are decisively regulated by the osteoprotegerin (OPG)-RANK ligand (RANKL) paracrine system. The OPG is a soluble protein, similar to other members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, which works as a decoy receptor of RANKL. The biologic activity of OPG counteracts the effects of RANKL by competing with the receptor activator of the nuclear factor kB (RANK); subsequently, the differentiation and activation of osteoclasts is inhibited and bone resorption reduced. The critical role of this pathway in the regulation of bone metabolism has been signalled by the finding of extreme phenotypes (osteoporosis vs. osteopetrosis) in animal models. Further studies with these factors will provide the development of drugs to treat osteoporosis and other metabolic bone diseases.

Key words:
Osteoclast
Osteoprotegerin
RANK ligand
Osteoporosis

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