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Vol. 139. Issue S2.
Actualización en enfermedad tromboembólica
Pages 10-12 (October 2012)
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Vol. 139. Issue S2.
Actualización en enfermedad tromboembólica
Pages 10-12 (October 2012)
Características farmacodinámicas y farmacocinéticas. Mecanismo de acción de los nuevos anticoagulantes orales
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics. Mechanism of action of the new oral anticoagulants
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Vanessa Roldán Schilling
Corresponding author
vroldans@um.es

Autor para correspondencia.
, Vicente Vicente García
Servicio de Hematología y Oncología Médica, Hospital Universitario Morales Meseguer, Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
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Resumen

La enfermedad tromboembólica, tanto arterial como venosa, constituye una de las principales causas de morbimortalidad en el mundo occidental. Los nuevos anticoagulantes tienen un efecto selectivo en un único factor de la coagulación, actuando de forma directa y reversible. Al margen de los resultados de diversos ensayos en fase III que han demostrado la seguridad y eficacia de estos fármacos, es importante conocer el mecanismo de acción, así como la farmacodinamia y farmacocinética para un correcto uso. A lo largo de esta revisión, repasaremos dichos aspectos de los nuevos anticoagulantes cuyo desarrollo está más avanzado, tanto los destinados a bloquear el factor X activo: rivaroxaban, apixaban, como la trombina (o factor II activo): dabigatran.

Palabras clave:
Mecanismo de acción
Farmacodinamia
Farmacocinética
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran
Abstract

Thromboembolic disease, both arterial and venous, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries. The new anticoagulants exert their action by selective, direct and reversible inhibition of a single coagulation factor. Although the results of several phase III trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of these drugs, their mechanism of action, as well as the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of these drugs, need to be understood for their correct use. The present review discusses the features of the new anticoagulants whose clinical development is more advanced, both those designed to block active factor X, such as rivaroxaban or apixaban, and those designed to block thrombin (also active factor II): dabigatran.

Keywords:
Mechanism of action
Pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics
Rivaroxaban
Dabigatran

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