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Inicio Medicina Clínica Etiopatogenia de los síndromes asociados a criopirina: genética, bases molecul...
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Vol. 136. Issue S1.
Síndrome autoinflamatorio
Pages 22-28 (January 2011)
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Vol. 136. Issue S1.
Síndrome autoinflamatorio
Pages 22-28 (January 2011)
Editroial
Etiopatogenia de los síndromes asociados a criopirina: genética, bases moleculares y el inflamasoma
Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes: genetic and molecular basis and the inflammasome
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Juan I. Aróstegui
Unidad de Enfermedades Autoinflamatorias, Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

El gen NLRP3 (antiguamente denominado CIAS1) codifica para la proteína criopirina (o Nalp3), perteneciente a la familia de receptores de tipo Nod (NLR) del sistema inmune innato. La criopirina forma parte de un complejo citosólico multiproteico denominado Nalp3-inflamasoma, que participa decisivamente en la respuesta inmune innata e inflamatoria mediante la detección de señales de peligro, exógenas y endógenas, y ciertas partículas inorgánicas (asbesto, sílice). La presencia de mutaciones en el gen NLRP3 que generan una criopirina hiperfuncionante es la base molecular común de los síndromes periódicos asociados a criopirina (CAPS), que engloban tres entidades clínicas de gravedad clínica creciente (síndrome autoinflamatorio familiar inducido por frío, síndrome de Muckle-Wells y síndrome CINCA-NOMID). Esta criopirina hiperfuncionante provoca la producción aumentada y no regulada de ciertas citocinas inflamatorias (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33), y la administración in vivo de agentes bloqueadores de IL-1 provoca una excelente respuesta terapéutica en los pacientes afectados de CAPS.

Palabras clave:
Enfermedades autoinflamatorias
Síndromes periódicos asociados a criopirina
Síndrome autoinflamatorio familiar inducido por frío
Síndrome de Muckle-Wells
Síndrome CINCA-NOMID
Inflamasoma
Receptores de tipo Nod
Nalp3
Interleucina-1β
Abstract

NLRP3 gene (formerly known as CIAS1) encodes for cryopyrin (Nalp3) protein, which belongs to the Nod-like family of innate immune receptors. Cryopyrin recruits different adaptor and effectors proteins into a cytosolic macromolecular complex termed Nalp3-inflammasome, which senses both several pathogen-associated and damage-associated molecular patterns as well as inorganic particles (asbestos, silica), and triggers innate immune and inflammatory responses. Gain-of-function NLRP3 mutations are the common molecular basis of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS), which encompasses three clinical entities along a spectrum of disease severity (familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome, Muckle-Wells syndrome and CINCA-NOMID syndrome). This hypermorphic cryopyrin provokes an increased, unregulated secretion of different inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-18, IL-33) in patients with CAPS, and in vivo administration of IL-1 blocking agents results in excellent therapeutic responses in these patients.

Keywords:
Autoinflammatory diseases
Cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes
Familial cold autoinflammatory syndrome
Muckle-Wells syndrome
CINCA-NOMID syndrome
Inflammasome
Nod-like receptor
Nalp3
Interleukin-1β

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