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Inicio Medicina Clínica Novedades en la prevención secundaria del ictus cardioembólico
Journal Information
Vol. 139. Issue S2.
Actualización en enfermedad tromboembólica
Pages 51-55 (October 2012)
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Vol. 139. Issue S2.
Actualización en enfermedad tromboembólica
Pages 51-55 (October 2012)
Novedades en la prevención secundaria del ictus cardioembólico
Advances in the secondary prevention of cardioembolic stroke
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Jaime Masjuan
Unidad de Ictus, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, España
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Resumen

La fibrilación auricular no valvular es la principal causa de ictus cardioembólico. Clásicamente su prevención se realiza con anticoagulantes orales antivitamina K. Sin embargo, a pesar de su eficacia demostrada, los anticoagulantes orales antivitamina K siguen siendo infrautilizados por sus muchos inconvenientes. Recientemente, una nueva generación de anticoagulantes orales ha demostrado tener un perfil de seguridad mejor que el de los anticoagulantes orales antivitamina K y mayor eficacia. Los estudios que han comparado rivoraxaban, dabigatran y apixaban frente a warfarina también incluyeron una proporción importante de pacientes que habían presentado previamente un ictus. Los resultados de los subestudios realizados en esta población de especial riesgo hemorrágico y embólico han sido consistentes con los de las poblaciones globales de los estudios. Los nuevos anticoagulantes son una alternativa real a los anticoagulantes orales antivitamina K en la prevención secundaria de ictus en pacientes con fibrilación auricular no valvular. En aquellos casos donde la terapia anticoagulante esté contraindicada, el cierre percutáneo de la orejuela izquierda puede ser una alternativa.

Palabras clave:
Ictus cardioembólico
Fibrilación auricular
Rivoraxaban
Dabigatran
Apixaban
Abstract

Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is the main cause of cardioembolic stroke. Classically, prevention consists of oral antivitamin-K anticoagulants (AVK), which, despite their demonstrated efficacy, continue to be underused due to their numerous drawbacks. Recently, a new generation of oral anticoagulants has been shown to have a better safety profile and greater efficacy than AVK. The studies that have compared rivoraxaban, dabigatran and apixaban with warfarin have also included a substantial proportion of patients who had previously had a stroke. The results of the substudies performed in this population with a high risk of hemorrhagic and embolic events have been consistent with those in the overall populations in these studies. The new anticoagulants are a feasible alternative to AVK in the secondary prevention of ictus in patients with NVAF. When anticoagulant therapy is contraindicated, percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage could be an alternative.

Keywords:
Cardioembolic stroke
Atrial fibrillation
Rivoraxaban
Dabigatran
Apixaban

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