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Inicio Medicina Clínica Riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con insuficiencia renal
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Vol. 131. Issue 2.
Pages 41-46 (June 2008)
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Vol. 131. Issue 2.
Pages 41-46 (June 2008)
Riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con insuficiencia renal
Cardiovascular risk in patients with renal failure
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Juan Ignacio Calvo Huerosa, Lourdes Cañón Barrosoa, Cristina Gómez Jiméneza, María Victoria Martín Hidalgo-Barqueroa, Manuel Espigares Arroyoa, Francisco Buitrago Ramíreza
a Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Centro de Salud Universitario La Paz. Badajoz. España.
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Fundamento y objetivo: El riesgo de presentar episodios cardiovasculares es elevado en pacientes con insuficiencia renal (IR). El presente estudio se diseñó con estos objetivos: a) evaluar si la IR se comporta como un factor independiente de riesgo cardiovascular, y b) analizar la capacidad predictiva de la función original de riesgo coronario de Framingham y la calibrada del REGICOR en pacientes con IR. Pacientes y método: Se estudió a un total de 912 pacientes de 35-74 años (media, 55,7 años; un 56,4% de mujeres) sin evidencia de enfermedad cardiovascular, con un seguimiento de 10 años. La IR se definió por la presencia de un filtrado glomerular estimado en la fórmula de Cockroft-Gault menor de 60 ml/min. Resultados: El 13,5% de los pacientes reunía criterios de IR. La tasa final de episodios cardiovasculares fue superior en la población con IR (un 21,1 frente a un 12,0%; p < 0,01; riesgo relativo = 1,76; intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 1,19-2,59), sin diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre varones y mujeres. En el análisis multivariante mediante regresión logística se mantuvieron como variables predictoras de eventos cardiovasculares el tabaquismo (odds ratio [OR] = 2,17; IC del 95%, 1,38-3,35), la diabetes (OR = 2,08; IC del 95%, 1,37-3,15), la IR (OR = 1,83; IC del 95%, 1,10-3,06), el tratamiento antihipertensivo (OR = 2,03; IC del 95%, 1,32-3,11) y la hipertensión arterial (OR = 2,06; IC del 95%, 1,06-4,05). La función original de Framingham predijo adecuadamente el riesgo coronario de la población con IR (un 18,3 frente a un 17,9%; p = 0,869), mientras que REGICOR lo infravaloró (un 7,5 frente a un 17,9%; p < 0,05). Las curvas de eficacia diagnóstica para la función original de Framingham y la REGICOR fueron similares: 0,61 (IC del 95%, 0,47-0,75) y 0,62 (IC del 95%, 0,48-0,76), respectivamente. Conclusiones: La IR se comporta como un importante factor de riesgo cardiovascular. Las curvas de eficacia diagnóstica son similares en ambas funciones de riesgo coronario, Framingham y REGICOR.
Palabras clave:
Insuficiencia renal
Riesgo coronario
Ecuaciones de riesgo cardiovascular
Background and objective: Patients with renal failure (RF) have an increased risk of cardiovascular events. The aims of the present study were: a) to evaluate if RF is an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and b) to analyze the predictive capacity of the original Framingham and REGICOR functions charts in patients with RF. Patients and method: A total of 912 patients between 35-74 years old (average: 55.7 years; 56.4% female) with no evidence of cardiovascular disease, were included in the present study. The RF was defined in patients with a glomerular filtration < 60 ml/min (estimated with the equation of Cockroft-Gaukt). Results: 13.5% of the patients presented RF criteria. The final rate of cardiovascular events was higher in the population with RF (21.1% vs 12.0%; p < 0.01; relative risk = 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19-2.59). Statistically significant differences were not found between men and women. The multiple logistic regression analysis showed that cigarette smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 2.17; 95% CI, 1.38-3.35), diabetes (OR = 2.08; 95% CI, 1.37-3.15), RF (OR = 1.83; 95% CI, 1.10-3.06), antihypertensive treatment (OR = 2.03; IC del 95%, 1.32-3.11), and hypertension (OR = 2.06; 95% CI, 1.06-4.05) were important factors for the prediction of coronary and cardiovascular events. The original Framingham function predicted suitably the coronary risk in the population with RF (18.3% versus 17.9%; p = 0.869) whereas REGICOR underestimated it (7.5% versus 17.9%; p < 0.05). The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve obtained with the original Framingham function was similar to that of REGICOR function: 0.61 (95% CI, 0.47-0.75) and 0.62 (95% CI, 0.48-0.76), respectively. Conclusions: The RF behaves like an important cardiovascular risk factor. The area under ROC curve obtained with the original Framingham function was similar to that of REGICOR function.
Keywords:
Renal failure
Coronary risk
Cardiovascular risk equations

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