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Vol. 136. Issue S1.
Síndrome autoinflamatorio
Pages 3-9 (January 2011)
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Vol. 136. Issue S1.
Síndrome autoinflamatorio
Pages 3-9 (January 2011)
Síndromes autoinflamatorios
Autoinflammatory syndromes
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Jordi Antón
Unidad de Reumatología Pediátrica, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universidad de Barcelona, Barcelona, España
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Resumen

Los síndromes autoinflamatorios se caracterizan por episodios de inflamación recurrentes o persistentes sin aumento de los títulos de autoanticuerpos o de los linfocitos T antígeno específicos y en ausencia de infección. Inicialmente, se incluyeron los síndromes hereditarios de fiebre periódica, grupo de enfermedades monogénicas del sistema inmune innato caracterizadas por episodios febriles recurrentes, de diferentes características clínicas, duración e intervalo, acompañados de otros síntomas. Una complicación característica de este grupo es la amiloidosis secundaria. Los avances de los últimos años han permitido identificar genes susceptibles, nuevas proteínas y caracterizar mecanismos y vías patogénicas que permiten mejorar el diagnóstico y plantear tratamientos más eficaces. Entre estas vías destacan las alteraciones de los componentes del inflamasoma, grupo de proteínas citoplasmáticas que regulan la producción de varios mediadores de la respuesta inflamatoria. En los últimos años, el grupo inicial de enfermedades autoinflamatorias monogénicas se ha incrementado al incluirse varias enfermedades de herencia poligénica.

Palabras clave:
Síndromes autoinflamatorios
Síndromes hereditarios de fiebre periódica
Fiebres recurrentes hereditarias
Inmunidad innata
Inflamasoma
Abstract

Autoinflammatory syndromes are characterised by recurrent or persistent inflammation with no increase in the antibody titers or antigen-specific T lymphocytes, and absence of infection. Initially, they included the hereditary periodic fever syndromes, a group of innate immune system monogenic diseases characterised by recurrent febrile episodes, with different characteristics, duration and interval, accompanied by other symptoms. Secondary amyloidosis is a complication in this group. The advances in the last few years has led to the identification of susceptible genes, new proteins, and characterising mechanisms and pathogenic routes that have led to an improvement in the diagnosis and establishing more effective treatments. Among these routes, are the changes in the inflammasome components, a group of cytoplasmic proteins that regulate the production of several inflammatory response mediators. The initial group of monogenic autoinflammatory diseases have increased in the last few years, due to including several polygenic hereditary diseases.

Keywords:
Autoinflammatory syndromes
Hereditary periodic fever syndromes
Hereditary recurrent fevers
Innate immunity
Inflammasome

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