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Inicio Medicina Clínica Transmisión de la tuberculosis en las prisiones de Madrid
Journal Information
Vol. 115. Issue 7.
Pages 246-250 (January 2000)
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Vol. 115. Issue 7.
Pages 246-250 (January 2000)
Transmisión de la tuberculosis en las prisiones de Madrid
Transmission of tuberculosis in the prisons of Madrid (Spain)
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2197
José Ignacio Fernández Martína,
Corresponding author
ANGUIANO@santandersupernet.com

Servicio Médico del Centro Penitenciario Madrid-2. Ctra. de Meco, km 5. 28871 Alcalá de Henares. Madrid.
, Karoline Fernández de la Hozb, Susana Catalánc, Mercedes Alonso Sanzd, Fernando Chavese
a Servicio Médico Centro Penitenciario Madrid-2 de Alcalá de Henares
b Consejeraa de Sanidad. Comunidad de Madrid
c Servicio Médico Centro Penitenciario Madrid-5 de Soto del Real
d Servicio de Microbiologica del Hospital 12 de Octubre de Madrid
e Madrid
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Fundamento

Las prisiones representan un lugar de riesgo para la transmisión de la tuberculosis. Se describen las características de los pacientes con tuberculosis y se analiza la transmisión de la misma en la población penitenciaria de Madrid.

Pacientes y métodos

Se estudió a los pacientes con cultivo positivo para Mycobacterium tuberculosis diagnosticados en 1997-1998 e internados en las prisiones de Madrid. Se cumplimentó un protocolo clinicoepidemiológico, con revisión de historia clínica y entrevista personal. Se incluyeron en agrupaciones los pacientes cuyos aislados tenían: a)idéntico patrón RFLP (restriction fragment lenght polimorphism) con más de 6 bandas de IS 6110, o b)idéntico patrón RFLP con 5 bandas o menos e idéntico patrón con la técnica de spoligotyping.

Resultados

Se diagnosticaron 97 casos de tuberculosis (tasa estimada: 693/100.000 casos/año). Se estudió a 73 pacientes (75%), en los que se dispuso de su aislado para estudio molecular. La edad media fue de 33 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 6,9), el 92% eran varones y el 14% inmigrantes. El 71% de los pacientes estaban coinfectados por el VIH, el 32% eran usuarios de drogas por vía parenteral activos y el 70% usuarios de drogas no por vía parenteral. La tasa de resistencia primaria a isoniacida fue del 1,8%. El 41% de los internos estudiados se incluyeron en 9 grupos. Se encontraron relaciones epidemiológicas en el 37% de los pacientes agru-pados. No se detectaron factores de riesgo asociados a la pertenencia a las agrupaciones.

Conclusiones

Los resultados sugieren la existencia de transmisión reciente de la tuberculosis en las prisiones de Madrid, lo cual indica la necesidad de establecer medidas de prevención y control de la tuberculosis en el medio penitenciario.

Palabras clave:
Tuberculosis
Transmisión de enfermedades
Prisiones
Background

Prisons are recognized as high-risk settings for tuberculosis transmission. The purpose of this study was to describe the characteristics of prisoners with tuberculosis and to determine the extent of transmission of tuberculosis in the prison population of Madrid.

Patients and methods

Patients with positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis between 1997 and 1998 from the prison system of Madrid were included. The medical records for these patients were reviewed, and they were also interviewed. Patients were included in clusters when their isolates contained 1)six or more IS 6110 bands in an identical pattern or 2) five or fewer IS 6110 bands that matched identically and had an identical spoligotyping pattern.

Results

Culture-proven tuberculosis was diagnosed in 97 prisoners (case rate: 693 per 100.000 per year). Isolates from 73 (75%) patients were available for fingerprinting. The mean age of these patients was 33 yr (SD: 6,9), 92% were male, and 14% were immigrants. Seventy-one percent (71%) of patients were HIV-positive, 32% were active intravenous drug users and 70% nonintravenous drug users in the last two years. Primary drug resistance to isoniazid was 1,8%. Forty-one percent of prisoners (41%) were grouped in 9 clusters. Epidemiological links were found in 37% of clustered patients. Risk factors for clustering were not detected.

Conclusions

The results suggest recent transmission of tuberculosis in the prisons of Madrid. It is essential that correctional facilities comply fully with the recomendations for prevention and control of tuberculosis.

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