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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) Anti-factor H autoantibodies in patients with lupus nephritis
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Vol. 163. Issue 8.
Pages 375-382 (October 2024)
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Vol. 163. Issue 8.
Pages 375-382 (October 2024)
Original article
Anti-factor H autoantibodies in patients with lupus nephritis
Autoanticuerpos anti-factor H en pacientes con nefritis lúpica
Galya Mihaylovaa,, Vasil Vasilevb,c,, Mariya Kosturkovad,e, Mariana Petkovab,c, Maria Radanovaa,
Corresponding author
maria.radanova@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
a Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria
b Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
c Clinic of Nephrology, University Hospital – “Tsaritza Yoanna – ISUL”, Sofia, Bulgaria
d Department of Propaedeutics of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria
e Clinic of Internal Diseases, UMHAT “St. Marina”, Varna, Bulgaria
Article information
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Clinical and laboratory parameters in positive for anti-FH patients in comparison with negative for anti-FH antibodies patients.
Table 2. Comparative analysis between levels of anti-FH in groups of patients with and without histological signs of LN activity and chronicity.*
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Abstract
Introduction

Lupus nephritis (LN) is a disease marked by autoantibodies against complement components. Autoantibodies against negative complement regulator factor H (anti-FH) are prevalent in aHUS, are associated with deletion of factor H-related protein 1 (FHR1) gene, and have overt functional consequences. They are also observed in C3 glomerulopathies. The frequency and relevance of anti-FH in LN are poorly studied.

Aim

The aim of our investigation was to screen for the presence of anti-FH and FHR1 gene deletion in a cohort of LN patients and to evaluate their association with LN activity.

Method

ELISA test and Western blot for detection of anti-FH and FHR1 deletion were used, respectively. Patients’ clinical and laboratory parameters regarding anti-FH role were processed by statistical analysis.

Results

Anti-FH were found at low level in a small number of LN patients – 11.7% (7/60) and were not associated with deletion of FHR1. Anti-FH did not correlate with ANA titers, anti-dsDNA, C3/C4 hypocomplementemia, eGFR, proteinuria, or active urinary sediment in LN patients. A weak correlation was found between anti-FH and anti-C3 levels. Anti-FH were linked with endocapillary proliferation and histological activity index. Four anti-FH positive patients had severe to moderate LN as per the BILAG renal score.

Conclusions

Anti-FH autoantibodies are an accessory finding in LN and are more likely to manifest during the active phase of the disease. Due to their low frequency and plasma levels, they do not seem suitable for routine laboratory investigation in patients with LN.

Keywords:
Anti-complement autoantibodies
Anti-FH antibodies
Complement
Lupus nephropathy
SLE
Resumen
Introducción

La nefritis lúpica (NL) es una enfermedad caracterizada por autoanticuerpos contra componentes del complemento. Los autoanticuerpos contra el factor H regulador negativo del complemento (anti-FH) son prevalentes en el síndrome urémico hemolítico atípico, están asociados con la eliminación del gen de la proteína 1 relacionada con el factor H (FHR1) y tienen consecuencias funcionales evidentes. También se observan en las glomerulopatías C3. La frecuencia y la relevancia de los anticuerpos anti-FH en NL son poco conocidas.

Objetivo

El objetivo de nuestra investigación fue detectar la presencia de anti-FH y deleción del gen FHR1 en una cohorte de pacientes con NL y evaluar su asociación con la actividad de la NL.

Métodos

Se usaron pruebas ELISA y Western blot para detectar autoanticuerpos anti-FH y la deleción de FHR1. Se evaluaron los parámetros clínicos y de laboratorio de los pacientes en relación con el anti-FH.

Resultados

Se encontraron anti-FH en niveles bajos en un pequeño número de pacientes con NL: 11,7% (7/60), sin asociación con la eliminación de FHR1. Anti-FH no se correlacionó con ANA, anti-ADNbc, hipocomplementemia C3/C4, eGFR, proteinuria o sedimento urinario activo en pacientes con NL. Se encontró una correlación débil entre los niveles de anti-FH y anti-C3. Los anti-FH estaban asociados con la proliferación endocapilar y el índice de actividad histológica. Cuatro pacientes con anti-FH tenían NL severa/moderada según BILAG.

Conclusiones

Los anti-FH son un hallazgo secundario en la NL y es más probable que se manifiesten durante la fase activa de la enfermedad. Por su baja frecuencia y sus niveles plasmáticos, no son adecuados para investigación de laboratorio de rutina en pacientes con NL.

Palabras clave:
Autoanticuerpos anticomplemento
Anticuerpos anti-FH
Complemento
Nefropatía lúpica
LES

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