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Inicio Medicina Clínica (English Edition) External validation of the FAscore scale to evaluate the risk of atrial fibrilla...
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Vol. 163. Issue 8.
Pages 397-403 (October 2024)
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Vol. 163. Issue 8.
Pages 397-403 (October 2024)
Original article
External validation of the FAscore scale to evaluate the risk of atrial fibrillation in patients with arterial hypertension
Validación externa de la escala FAscore para evaluar el riesgo de fibrilación auricular en pacientes con hipertensión arterial
Luis Mújica-Jaureguia, Vicente Bertomeu-Gonzálezb, Álvaro Carbonell-Solivab, Domingo Orozco-Beltránb,c,d, Vicente F. Gil-Guillénb,c,d,e, Rauf Nouni-Garcíab,c,e,
Corresponding author
raufrng@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, Adriana López-Pinedab,c,d, Concepción Carratalá-Munuerab,c,d, Jose A. Quesadab,c,d
a Albía Health Center, Osakidetza, Bilbao, Spain
b Clinical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Miguel Hernández de Elche, Ctra. Nacional N-332 s/n, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
c Network for Research on Chronicity, Primary Care and Health Promotion (RICAPPS), 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
d Primary Care Research Center, Miguel Hernández University, Elche, Alicante, Spain
e Institute for Health and Biomedical Research of Alicante, General University Hospital of Alicante, Diagnostic Center, 5th Floor, Pintor Baeza Street, 12, 03110 Alicante, Spain
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Tables (2)
Table 1. Sample characteristics (n=36,809).
Table 2. Predictive indicators, according to risk cutoffs as estimated by FAscore.
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Abstract
Background and aim

To use a risk scale or predictive model outside the population of origin, it is necessary to evaluate the predictive indicators through external validation. The aim was to validate the FAscore, originally constructed in hypertensive patients in primary care in the Valencian Region, in an external cohort with hypertension in primary care in the Basque Country.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was designed to perform an external validation of the FAscore app in patients affiliated with 26 health centers in the municipality of Bilbao. The area under the ROC curve and predictive indicators were calculated with their 95% confidence intervals.

Results

Thirty-six thousand eight hundred nine patients were included: 53.6% (n=19,719) were women, the mean age was 75.1 years, 41.8% (n=15,381). Over the four-year follow-up period, 1420 patients were diagnosed with AF (cumulative incidence 3.9%). The median risk estimated by FAscore was 4.5%, and the 5th, 25th, 75th, and 95th percentiles were 1.0%, 2.5%, 6.1%, and 14.8%, respectively. The ROC curve for the risk estimated by FAscore and the cases of atrial fibrillation observed was AUC 0.715 (95% CI 0.703–0.727). The 5% risk cutoff provides a sensitivity of 70.8%, specificity of 61.0%, positive predictive value of 6.8%, negative predictive value of 98.1%, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of 1.82 and 0.48, respectively.

Conclusion

This study reports on the external validation of the atrial fibrillation risk scale in hypertensive patients, which shows an acceptable predictive capacity. The best-performing risk cutoff, providing good predictive indicators, can be set at 5%.

Keywords:
Cardiology
Risk factors
Atrial fibrillation
Primary health care
Abbreviations:
FAscore
AF
AMI
BMI
PPV
NPV
Resumen
Introducción y objetivo

Para utilizar una escala de riesgo fuera de la población de origen es necesario evaluar los indicadores predictivos mediante una validación externa. El objetivo fue validar el FAscore en una cohorte externa con hipertensión en atención primaria en el País Vasco.

Métodos

Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo para validación externa de la aplicación FAscore en pacientes de 26 centros de salud en el municipio de Bilbao. Se calculó área bajo la curva ROC e indicadores predictivos con sus intervalos de confianza al 95% (IC 95%).

Resultados

Se incluyeron 36.809 pacientes: el 53,6% (n=19.719) eran mujeres y la edad promedio fue de 75,1 años (41,8%; n=15.381). Durante el periodo de seguimiento de 4 años se diagnosticó fibrilación auricular en 1.420 pacientes (incidencia acumulativa 3,9%). La mediana del riesgo estimado por el FAscore fue del 4,5% y los percentiles 5, 25, 75 y 95 fueron 1,0%, 2,5%, 6,1% y 14,8%, respectivamente. La curva ROC para el riesgo estimado por el FAscore y los casos de fibrilación auricular observados fue de AUC 0,715 (IC 95%: 0,703-0,727). El punto de corte del 5% de riesgo proporciona una sensibilidad del 70,8%, una especificidad del 61,0%, un valor predictivo positivo del 6,8%, un valor predictivo negativo del 98,1% y razones de probabilidad positiva y negativa de 1,82 y 0,48, respectivamente.

Conclusión

La validación externa de la escala de riesgo muestra una capacidad predictiva aceptable. El punto de corte de riesgo que mejor funciona se puede establecer en el 5%.

Palabras clave:
Cardiología
Factores de riesgo
Fibrilación auricular
Atención primaria

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