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Inicio Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN Impact of an educational intervention about healthy lifestyles in teenagers
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Vol. 50. Issue 5.
(July - August 2024)
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Vol. 50. Issue 5.
(July - August 2024)
Original
Impact of an educational intervention about healthy lifestyles in teenagers
Impacto de una intervención educativa sobre estilos de vida saludables en adolescentes
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18
J.C. Medrano-Sáncheza,1,
Corresponding author
jmedrano@sescam.jccm.es

Corresponding author.
, C. Vela-Mecob,1, L. Gutiérrez-Ramírezb,c,d, Á. Arias-Ariasc,e, A. Tejera-Muñozc,e
a Nursing Coordinator, Primary Health Centre of Villamalea, Albacete 02270, Spain
b Nursing, Primary Health Centre 1 of GAI Alcázar de San Juan, Alcázar de San Juan 13600, Spain
c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Castilla-La Mancha (IDISCAM), Toledo 45004, Spain
d Hospital Nacional de Parapléjicos, Toledo 45004, Spain
e Research Support Unit, Hospital General Mancha Centro, Alcázar de San Juan 13600, Spain
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Figures (2)
Tables (4)
Table 1. Description of the main sociodemographic variables of the students included in the study.
Table 2. Proportion of answers in the different questions of the questionnaire before and after educational intervention.
Table 3. Comparison between public and private study center.
Table 4. Comparison between educational level of the parents.
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Abstract
Background

During the last years, lifestyle has worsened along the entire European population, causing an alarming boom-up regarding overweight and obese people. Pediatric population is also influenced in this sense, which may predispose to suffer from several diseases in adulthood. Educational interventions at early ages could be an effective strategy to face this situation.

Aim

To describe the impact of an educational intervention about healthy lifestyle in adolescents.

Methods

A quasi-experimental study analyzing the knowledge of high school students, before and after a brief educational intervention based on a self-elaborated questionnaire including questions from the validated questionnaire CAPA (from Spanish, Conocimientos en Alimentación de Personas Adolescentes).

Results

The results of this study show a significant increase in knowledge about healthy lifestyles in the study population after the educational intervention (14.3±3.8 vs. 16.5±4.5; p<0.001). In addition, this improvement presents an asymmetric distribution according to gender (13.2±3.6 vs. 14.9±4.6; p=0.002 in men; 15.6±3 vs. 18.1±3.6; p<0.001 in women) and the type of educational center (14.17±3.6 vs. 16.48±4.17; p<0.001 in public schools and 14.86±4.15 vs. 16.54±5.32; p=0.047 in private schools). Parents’ educational level was associated with improvement in knowledge about healthy lifestyles (13.44±2.9 vs. 15.67±5.37; p=0.132 at low level, 14.22±3.42 vs. 16.9±4.68; p<0.001 at medium level and 15.75±3.3 vs. 17.39±4.5; p=0.022 at high level).

Conclusion

Educational intervention taught by primary health care professionals is a useful and efficient tool for the acquisition of nutritional and healthy lifestyle knowledge in adolescents.

Keywords:
Obesity
Adolescents
Healthy lifestyle
Early educational intervention
Nursing
Resumen
Antecedentes

Durante los últimos años, el estilo de vida de la población europea ha empeorado notablemente, provocando un alarmante incremento de sobrepeso y obesidad. El público pediátrico se ha visto también afectado, aumentando la predisposición a sufrir importantes enfermedades en la edad adulta.

Objetivo

Describir el impacto de una intervención educativa sobre un estilo de vida saludable en adolescentes.

Métodos

Se realizó un estudio cuasi experimental analizando el entendimiento de estudiantes de instituto, antes y después de una breve intervención educativa con base en una encuesta elaborada por los investigadores apoyada en el cuestionario validado conocimientos en alimentación de personas adolescentes (CAPA).

Resultados

Los resultados de este trabajo muestran un incremento significativo de los saberes acerca de estilos de vida saludables en la población de estudio (14,3 ± 3,8 vs. 16,5 ± 4,5; p < 0,001). Además, este incremento se presenta de manera asimétrica de acuerdo con el sexo (13,2 ± 3,6 vs. 14,9 ± 4,6; p = 0,002 en hombres; 15,6 ± 3 vs. 18,1 ± 3,6; p < 0,001 en mujeres) y al tipo de centro educativo (14,17 ± 3,6 vs. 16,48 ± 4,17; p < 0,001 en institutos públicos y 14,86 ± 4,15 vs. 16,54 ± 5,32; p = 0,047 en privados). El nivel educativo de los padres también se asoció con una mayor adquisición de conocimientos sobre estilos de vida sanos (13,44 ± 2,9 vs. 15,67 ± 5,37; p = 0,132 bajo nivel, 14,22 ± 3,42 vs. 16,9 ± 4,68; p < 0,001 medio y 15,75 ± 3,3 vs. 17,39 ± 4,5; p = 0,022 alto).

Conclusión

Una intervención educativa impartida por profesionales de la salud resulta una herramienta útil y eficiente para la correcta adquisición de conocimientos sobre estilos de vida saludables y nutrición en adolescentes.

Palabras clave:
Obesidad
Adolescentes
Estilo de vida saludable
Intervención educativa temprana
Enfermería

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