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Latest vaccination trends against herpes zoster within two primary care settings in Crete, Greece: Rates and perception driven determinants
Últimas tendencias de vacunación contra el herpes zoster en dos centros de atención primaria en Creta, Grecia: tasas y factores determinantes impulsados por la percepción
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M. Kefalogiannia, H. Dimitrioub, A. Bertsiasc,
Corresponding author
, G. Marinosd, D. Kofteridise, E.K. Symvoulakisf
a Clinic of Social Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Greece
b Laboratory of Child Health, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
c Rheumatology, Clinical Immunology and Allergy Department, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
d Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
e Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Heraklion, Greece
f Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Tables (5)
Table 1. General demographic characteristics and health-related habits of participants.
Table 2. Chronic illnesses and vaccination status of participants.
Table 3. Univariate comparisons between vaccination status against HZ and basic demographic characteristics as well as other vaccinations.
Table 4. Univariate comparisons between HZ vaccination status and chronic conditions.
Table 5. Multiple logistic regression models predicting the odds of a patient being vaccinated against HZ (yes/no) with independent variable each one of the HBM subscales, adjusted for age, gender and level of education.
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Abstract
Objectives

This study aims to estimate the vaccination rate against herpes zoster (HZ) among public Primary Health Care (PHC) visitors eligible for vaccination based on the National guidelines. It also aims to explore the determinants associated with vaccination utilizing the health beliefs model (HBM).

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2022. The study took place in two public PHC units in the Heraklion prefecture, Crete, Greece. Eligible participants were visitors of the selected health units aged 60–75 years. The questionnaire elicited information on participants’ demographic data, health habits, and chronic illnesses. The HBM tool adapted for HZ vaccination was also used.

Results

Four hundred primary care attendees participated in the study. Most participants were women (58.5%), with a mean age of 68.1 (±4.9) years. Fifteen percent of participants reported a history HZ illness, while 147 (36.8%) reported being vaccinated against HZ. Older age and respiratory illnesses were associated with higher rates of vaccination. Perceived threat (OR: 1.057; 95% CI 1.022–1.093; p=0.001), perceived vaccination benefits (OR: 1.327; 95% CI 1.179–1.492; p<0.0001), and motivation for action (OR: 2.601; 95% CI 2.122–3.187; p<0.0001) increased the odds of receiving HZ vaccination. Conversely, perceived barriers such as safety concerns were found to decrease the odds of HZ vaccination (OR: 0.845; 95% CI 0.803–0.889; p<0.0001).

Conclusions

This study identified specific determinants positively associated with HZ vaccination, highlighting the need to enhance the education of healthcare professionals in personalized patient counseling.

Keywords:
Herpes zoster
Vaccines
Primary care
Health beliefs model
Resumen
Objetivos

Este estudio tiene como objetivo estimar la tasa de vacunación contra el herpes zoster (HZ) entre los visitantes públicos de atención primaria de salud elegibles para la vacunación según las directrices nacionales. También tiene como objetivo explorar los determinantes asociados con la vacunación utilizando el Modelo de Creencias en Salud (HBM).

Materiales y métodos

Se realizó un estudio transversal entre octubre y diciembre de 2022. El estudio se llevó a cabo en dos unidades públicas de atención primaria de salud en la prefectura de Heraklion, Creta, Grecia. Los participantes elegibles fueron visitantes de las unidades de salud seleccionadas con edades entre 60 y 75años. El cuestionario obtuvo información sobre datos demográficos, hábitos de salud y enfermedades crónicas de los participantes. También se utilizó la herramienta HBM adaptada para la vacunación con HZ.

Resultados

En el estudio participaron 400 asistentes de atención primaria. La mayoría de los participantes fueron mujeres (58,5%), con una edad media de 68,1 (±4,9) años. El 15% de los participantes informaron tener antecedentes de enfermedad por HZ, mientras que 147 (36,8%) informaron haber sido vacunados contra el HZ. La edad avanzada y las enfermedades respiratorias se asociaron con tasas más altas de vacunación. La amenaza percibida (OR: 1,057; IC95%: 1,022-1,093; p=0,001), los beneficios percibidos de la vacunación (OR: 1,327; IC95%: 1,179-1,492; p<0,0001) y la motivación para la acción (OR: 2,601; IC95%: 2,122-3,187; p<0,0001) aumentaron las probabilidades de recibir la vacuna HZ. Por el contrario, se encontró que las barreras percibidas, como las preocupaciones por la seguridad, disminuyen las probabilidades de la vacunación con HZ (OR: 0,845; IC95%: 0,803-0,889; p<0,0001).

Conclusiones

Este estudio identificó determinantes específicos asociados positivamente con la vacunación contra HZ, destacando la necesidad de mejorar la educación de los profesionales de la salud en el asesoramiento personalizado al paciente.

Palabras clave:
Herpes zoster
Vacunas
Atención primaria
Modelo de creencias en salud

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