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Inicio Medicina de Familia. SEMERGEN Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in children at risk of acute myocardial i...
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Modifiable cardiovascular risk factors in children at risk of acute myocardial infarction: A comprehensive review
Factores de riesgo cardiovascular modificables en niños con riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio: una revisión exhaustiva
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M. Morales-Suárez-Varelaa,b,
Corresponding author
maria.m.morales@uv.es

Corresponding author.
, C. Torrijo Belanchec, M. Saezb,d, I. Peraita-Costaa,b, A. Llopis-Gonzáleza,b
a Research Group in Social and Nutritional Epidemiology, Pharmacoepidemiology and Public Health, Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Sciences, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Burjassot, València, Spain
b CIBER of Epidemiology and Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
c Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Aragón (CIBA), Zaragoza, Spain
d Research Group on Statistics, Econometrics and Health (GRECS), Universitat de Girona, Girona, Spain
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Table 1. Main characteristics of the original articles included for review.
Table 2. Main characteristics of the non-original articles included for review.
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Abstract

While acute myocardial infarction is rare in children, a part of the pediatric population is at a higher risk due to preexisting non-modifiable conditions. To mitigate the risk, modifiable risk factors such as unhealthy diet or sedentary lifestyle should be controlled from childhood, promoting healthy habits from the earliest stages. The primary purpose of this review is to assess the evidence on lifestyle/nutrition related modifiable risk factor intervention on the risk of acute myocardial infarction in children found in four databases, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and WoS. After screening, 29 of 272 articles assessed met the inclusion criteria. We found evidence that a healthy lifestyle, including an adequate dietary pattern and good eating habits in childhood, reduces the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction. The data retrieved from this review are consistent with the hypothesis that a healthy lifestyle might contribute lower the risk of acute myocardial infarction in at-risk children.

Keywords:
Nutrition
Diet
Prevention
Children
Myocardial infarction
Lifestyle
Resumen

Aunque el infarto agudo de miocardio es poco frecuente en niños, una parte de la población pediátrica presenta un riesgo más elevado debido a afecciones preexistentes no modificables. Para mitigar el riesgo, los factores de riesgo modificables, como una dieta poco saludable o un estilo de vida sedentario, deben controlarse desde la infancia, promoviendo hábitos saludables desde las etapas más tempranas. El objetivo principal de esta revisión es evaluar las pruebas sobre la intervención de factores de riesgo modificables relacionados con el estilo de vida/nutrición sobre el riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio en niños, encontradas en cuatro bases de datos, PubMed, Embase, Scopus y WoS. Tras el cribado, 29 de los 272 artículos evaluados cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se encontraron pruebas de que un estilo de vida saludable, que incluya un patrón dietético adecuado y buenos hábitos alimentarios en la infancia, reduce la prevalencia del infarto agudo de miocardio. Los datos recuperados de esta revisión concuerdan con la hipótesis de que un estilo de vida saludable podría contribuir a disminuir el riesgo de infarto agudo de miocardio en niños de riesgo.

Palabras clave:
Nutrición
Dieta
Prevención
Niños
Infarto de miocardio
Estilo de vida

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