Article information
El primer objetivo del uso de un anticonceptivo oral combinado (AOC) es el de evitar un embarazo. En ocasiones el AOC se asocia a efectos secundarios, pero cada día se conocen mejor los efectos beneficiosos no anticonceptivos del mismo. Existe evidencia de una buena calidad que asocia el uso de AOC con la mejoría de la dismenorrea, la disminución del sangrado menstrual y la mejoría del síndrome premenstrual. También se sabe que el uso de AOC protege frente a la enfermedad inflamatoria pélvica (EIP) y el embarazo ectópico, reduce la pérdida mineral ósea y es eficaz en el tratamiento del acné leve y moderado. Además, la AOC disminuye la incidencia de cáncer de ovario y cáncer de endometrio. Conocer estos efectos beneficiosos resulta de interés tanto para los profesionales sanitarios como para las mujeres.
Palabras clave:
anticoncepción oral combinada
beneficios no anticonceptivos
The first objective of using a combined oral contraceptive (COC) is that of avoiding pregnancy. COC is sometimes associated to side effects, but its non-contraceptive beneficial effects are becoming known day by day. There is evidence of the good quality associated to the use of COC with the improvement of dysmenorrhea, decrease of menstrual bleeding and improvement of premenstrual syndrome. It is also known that the use of COC protects against pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and ectopic pregnancy, reduces bone mineral loss and is effective in the treatment of mild and moderate acne. Furthermore, COC decreases the incidence of ovarian cancer and endometrial cancer. Knowing these beneficial effects is of interest, both for the health care professionals and for women.
Key words:
combined oral contraceptives
non-contraceptive benefits
Full text is only aviable in PDF
Bibliografía
[1.]
W.M. Jordan.
Pulmonary embolism.
Lancet, ii (1961), pp. 1146-1147
[2.]
J. Martínez Salmeán, et al.
Historia de la anticoncepción hormonal en España.
Beneficios de la píldora, pp. 3-23
[3.]
S.O. Skouby.
Contraceptive use and behaviour in the 21st century: a comprehensive study across five European countries.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care, 9 (2004), pp. 57-68
[4.]
http://www.equipodaphne.es/archivos/encuestas/ (ultimo acceso el 16/12/08).
[5.]
M.Y. Dawood.
Primary dysmenorrhoea: advances in pathogenesis and management.
Obstet Gynecol, 108 (2006), pp. 428-441
[6.]
M.L. Proctor, H. Roberts, C.M. Farqhar.
Combined oral contraceptive pill as treatment for primary dysmenorrhoea.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2001),
[7.]
A.R. Davis, C. Westhoff, K. O’Conell, N. Gallagher.
Oral contraceptives for dysmenorrhoea in adolescents girls: a randomized trial.
Obstet Gynecol, 106 (2005), pp. 97-104
[8.]
M.K. Oehler, M.C. Rees.
Menorrhagia: an update.
Acta Obstet Gybnecol Scand, 82 (2003), pp. 405-422
[9.]
Task Force for Epidemiological Research on Reproductive Health.
Effects of contraceptives on haemoglobin and ferritin.
Contraception, 58 (1998), pp. 262-273
[10.]
V. Iyer, C. Farqhar, R. Jepson.
Oral contraceptive pills for heavy menstrual bleeding.
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (2000),
[11.]
I. Fraser, G. McCarron.
Randomized trial of 2 hormonal and 2 prostaglandin inhibition agents in women with a complaint of menorrhagia.
Aust Nz J Obstet Gynecol, 31 (1991), pp. 66-70
[12.]
The ESHRE Capri Workshop Group.
Non contraceptive health benefits of combined oral contraception.
Hum Reprod Update, 11 (2005), pp. 513-525
[13.]
H.U. Wittchen, E. Becker, R. Lieb, P. Krause.
Prevalence, incidence and stability of premenstrual dysphoric disorder in the community.
Psychol Med, 32 (2002), pp. 119-132
[14.]
S. Douglas.
Premenstrual syndrome. Evidence-based treatment in family practice.
Can Fam Physician, 48 (2002), pp. 1789-1797
[15.]
E.W. Freeman, R. Kroll, A. Rapkin, T. Pearlstein, C. Brown, K. Parsey, et al.
Evaluation of a unique oral contraceptive in the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
J Women Health & Gender Based Medicine, 10 (2001), pp. 561-569
[16.]
T.B. Pearlstein, G.A. Bachmann, H.A. Zacur, K.A. Yonkers.
Treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder with a new drospirenone containing oral contraceptive formulation.
Contraception, 72 (2005), pp. 414-421
[17.]
K.A. Yonkers, C. Brown, T.B. Peralstein, M. Foegh, C. Sampson-Landers, A. Rapkin.
Efficacy of a new low-dose oral contraceptive with drospirenone in premenstrual dysphoric disorder.
Obstet Gynecol, 106 (2005), pp. 492-501
[18.]
J. Schaffir.
Hormonal contraception and sexual desire: a critical review.
J Sex Marital Ther, 32 (2006), pp. 305-314
[19.]
J. Henry-Suchet.
Hormonal contraception and pelvis inflammatory disease.
Eur J Contracept Reprod Health Care, 2 (1997), pp. 263-267
[20.]
R. Burkman, J.J. Schelesselman, M. Zieman.
Safety concerns and health benefits associated with oral contraception.
Am J Obstet Gynecol, 190 (2004), pp. S5-S22
[21.]
J.C. Shaw.
Acne: effect of hormones on pathogenesis and management.
Am J Clin Dermatol, 3 (2002), pp. 571-578
[22.]
Arowojolu AO, Gallo MF, López LM, Grimes DA, Garner SE. Píldoras anticonceptivas orales para el tratamiento del acné (revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2008 Número 1. Oxford: Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://w.w.w.update-software.com (Traducida de The Cochrane Library, 2008 Issue 1. Chichester,UK: John Wiley & Sons.Ltd.).
[23.]
H. Thorneycroft, H. Gollnick, I. Schellschmidt.
Superiority of a combined contraceptive containing drospirenone to a triphasic preparation containing norgestimate in acne treatment.
Cutis, 74 (2004), pp. 123-130
[24.]
J.M. Maloney, M. Kunz, S. Lee-Rugh, et al.
Drospirenone 3 mg/ethinylestradiol 20 μg combined oral contraceptive in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Obstet Gynecol, 109 (2007), pp. 11S
[25.]
W. Koltun, A.W. Lucky, D. Thiboutot, M. Niknian, C. Sampson-Landers, P. Korner, et al.
Efficacy and safety of 3 mg drospirenone/20 mcg ethinylestradiol oral contraceptive administered in 24/4 regimen in the treatment of acne vulgaris: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Contraception, 77 (2008), pp. 249-256
[26.]
R.R. Recker, M. Davies, S.M. Hinders, R.P. Heaney, M.R. Stegman, D.B. Kimmel, et al.
Bone gain in young adult women.
JAMA, 268 (1992), pp. 2403-2408
[27.]
World Health Organization. Research on the menopause. WHO Tech Rep Ser n.° 866. Geneva: 1996.
[28.]
W. Kuohung, L. Borgatta, P. Stubblefield.
Low-dose oral contraceptives and bone mineral density: an evidence-based analysis.
Contraception, 61 (2000), pp. 77-82
[29.]
López LM, Grimes DA, Schulz KF, Curtis KM. Anticonceptivos con esteroides: efecto sobre las fracturas óseas en mujeres. (Revisión Cochrane traducida). En: La Biblioteca Cochrane Plus, 2007 número 4. Oxford:Update Software Ltd. Disponible en: http://www.update- software.com.
[30.]
The Cancer and Steroid Hormone Study of the Centers for Disease Control and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development.
The reduction in risk of ovarian cancer associated with oral contraceptive use.
N Engl J Med, 316 (1987), pp. 650-655
[31.]
M.P. Vessey, R. Painter.
Endometrial and ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives. Findings in a large cohort study.
Br J Cancer, 71 (1995), pp. 1340-1342
[32.]
C. La Veccia.
Oral contraceptives and ovarian cancer: an update, 1998-2004.
Eur J Cancer Prev, 15 (2006), pp. 117-124
[33.]
A.S. Whittemore, R.R. Balise, P.D. Pharoah.
Oral contraceptive use and ovarian cancer risk among carriers of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations.
Br J Cancer, 91 (2004), pp. 1911-1915
[34.]
Collaborative Group on Epidemiological Studies of Ovarian Cancer.
Ovarian cancer and oral contraceptives: collaborative reanalysis of data from 45 epidemiological studies including 23.257 women with ovarian cancer and 87.303 controls.
Lancet, 371 (2008), pp. 303-314
[35.]
J.J. Schlesselman.
Risk of endometrial cancer in relation to use of combined oral contraceptives. A practitioner's guide to meta-analysis.
Hum Reprod, 12 (1997), pp. 1851-1863
[36.]
IARC.
Monographs on the evaluation of carcinogenic risk to humans. 72: Hormonal contraception and post-menopausal hormonal therapy.
WHO, (1999),
[37.]
E. Fernández, C. La Vecchia, A. Balducci, L. Chatenoud, S. Franceschi, E. Negri.
Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
Br J Cancer, 84 (2001), pp. 722-727
Copyright © 2009. Elsevier España S.L y Sociedad Española de Medicina Rural y Generalista (SEMERGEN)
