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The first Catalan Neurological Societies and their protagonists
Las primeras sociedades neurológicas catalanas y sus protagonistas
A. Arboix
Corresponding author
aarboix@hscor.com

Corresponding author.
, M.G. Fabregas
Unidad de Enfermedades Vasculares Cerebrales, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitari del Sagrat Cor, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The existence of medical societies is relatively recent in the history of medicine&#46; In Catalonia&#44; the first neurological society was the Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona&#44; founded a century ago by Artur Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s in 1911&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Only 2 medical societies had been documented previously&#58; L&#8217;Academie d&#8217;Hygiene of Catalonia and the Hispano-American Ophthalmological Society&#44; founded in 1904&#44; both located in Barcelona&#46; However&#44; the analysis of early Catalan and Spanish neurological societies&#44; prior to the founding of the Spanish Society of Neurology in 1949&#44; is scarce&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> With the aim of contributing to their knowledge and highlighting their importance and significance&#44; we analysed them beginning with the pioneer Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona&#44; founded in 1911 by A&#46; Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Development</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We conducted a literature search using MEDLINE&#44; with no date limit&#44; starting from the keywords &#8220;neurological societies&#8221;&#44; as well as a targeted search using the doctoral thesis of Marta Gloria Fabregas Camps&#44; &#8220;Hist&#242;ria de la Neurologia a Catalunya&#46; De l&#8217;any 1882 a l&#8217;any 1949&#8221; &#40;&#8220;History of neurology in Catalonia from 1882 to 1949&#8221;&#41;&#44; presented and defended in 1992 at the Autonomous University of Barcelona&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> and original historical literature sources selected from a personal literature search by the authors in the Library of the Acad&#232;mia de Ci&#232;ncies M&#232;diques de Catalunya i de Balears in Barcelona&#46; We obtained the following results&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Precursors of the First Catalan Neurological Societies</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The French neurologists</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">An important contribution of the nineteenth century to the progress of medicine was the addition of the new &#8220;anatomical-clinical&#8221; neurological mentality&#44; thanks to the figure of Jean Marie Charcot &#40;1825&#8211;1893&#41;&#44; who had Duchenne as a teacher and who was the founder of classical clinical neurology&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> His successor would be L D&#233;j&#233;rine&#46; He was instrumental in providing neurology with its own specificity and provided Pierre Marie &#40;1853&#8211;1940&#41; with the arguments needed to raise for the first time&#44; in 1897&#44; an independent hospital service for neurology at Hospital Bizet&#46; Babinski &#40;1857&#8211;1932&#41; would also create one at Hospital de la Piti&#233;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">These precursors constitute the seed and the necessary precedent for the birth of the first neurological society&#44; the Society of Neurology of Paris&#44; which was founded in 1900 by Babinski&#44; Brissaud&#44; Pierre Marie&#44; D&#233;j&#233;rine and Souques&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Due to their geographical proximity&#44; Catalan neurologists received special influence and expertise from the French neurologists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Histology and Santiago Ramon y Cajal</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be noted that the central nervous system was the main histological research topic during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries&#46; Dr&#46; Santiago Ramon y Cajal contributed to its development with his micrographic findings in the cerebellum and the retina&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;4</span></a> The Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine awarded to Cajal and Golgi for the &#8220;Texture of the nervous system of man and vertebrates&#8221; was a just reward for their research concerning the &#8220;neuron theory&#8221;&#46; These morphological investigations by Dr&#46; Ramon y Cajal also contributed to the development of neurology as a distinct and separate specialty&#46; In 1887&#44; Santiago Ramon y Cajal obtained the chair of Normal and Pathological Histology at Barcelona&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;5</span></a> It could be said that modern histology of the nervous system was born at the School of Medicine in Barcelona&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Other medical and social aspects</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">1&#46;</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Outside Catalonia&#58; in 1911&#44; H&#246;rlein and Hauptmann discovered &#8220;luminal&#8221;&#44; a breakthrough that meant progress in neurological pharmacology and in the treatment of epilepsy&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> In 1913&#44; Sigmund Freud founded the School of Analytical Psychology in 1914&#44; which was the year of the outbreak of the First World War&#46; In 1916&#44; Guillain&#44; Barr&#233; and Strohl described acute polyradiculoneuritis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and 1917 was the year of the Soviet revolution&#46; In 1919 Gandhi began using passive resistance against the British authorities&#46; In 1940 Merritt used hydantoins as a new antiepileptic drug<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> and in 1945 the Second World War ended&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">2&#46;</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Catalonia&#58; in 1882&#44; Lluis Barraquer Roviralta founded what would become the first Electrotherapy and Neurology Clinic in Barcelona&#44; starting a new medical specialty&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Its staff would be known as &#8220;medical electricians&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> The First Congress of Catalan-speaking Physicians was held in 1913&#44; and in 1914 Barraquer Roviralta published a significant contribution to the semiology of the peripheral nervous system in &#8220;Nouvelle iconographie de la salpetri&#232;re&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> During this period&#44; the community of Catalonia was already consolidated and a new medical society founded by Dr&#46; Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s in 1911&#44; the Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona&#44; was already established&#46; This would become the first Catalan and Spanish Neurological Society&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> Later&#44; in 1916&#44; Ravent&#243;s would operate on a brain tumour and the unofficial opening of Hospital Sant Pau took place&#59; in 1919 Barraquer Roviralta joined the Royal Academy of Medicine of Barcelona with his master conference &#8220;Semiological value of idiomuscular contraction&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p></li></ul></p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1923&#44; the coup by Primo de Rivera took place and the military dictatorship began&#44; a situation that led to the abolition of the democratic system of the community of Catalonia&#46; In 1929&#44; Barraquer Ferrer was appointed director of the first hospital neurology service at Hospital Sant Pau&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The medical conference of Catalan-speaking alienists and neurologists took place in Barcelona in that same year&#46; It was the year of the Universal Exhibition of Barcelona and the same in which the dictatorship fell&#46; It was also the year of the New York stock market crash&#46; In 1930&#44; King Alfonso XIII officially opened the Hospital Sant Pau&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first International Congress of Neurology was held in 1931&#44; in the Swiss city of Bern&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> The Second Republic was proclaimed&#46; In 1933&#44; Rodriguez Arias obtained the first Chair of Neurology at the Autonomous University of Barcelona&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> The transfer of healthcare and social assistance to the Generalitat of Catalonia was decreed&#46; The creation of the Municipal Neurological Institute of Barcelona took place in 1936&#46; That same year&#44; L&#46; Barraquer Ferr&#233;&#44; I&#46; De Gispert and E&#46; Casta&#241;er published their &#8220;Treaty on Nervous Diseases&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;10</span></a> and the Spanish Civil War also began&#46; In 1939 the Civil War ended&#44; leading to the exile of many scientists&#46; The last meeting in Spain of the Republican Parliament took place in Figueres&#46; It was the time of the lathyrism epidemic in Barcelona&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Political isolation after the Civil War significantly slowed and hindered scientific progress&#46; The National Congress of Neuropsychiatry was held in Barcelona in 1942&#44; and in 1949 L&#46; Barraquer Ferr&#233;&#44; B&#46; Rodriguez Arias and A&#46; Subirana created the Spanish Society of Neurology in Barcelona&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;11</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The teachers of the first experts &#40;immediate precursors of the neurological specialty in Catalonia&#41;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The figure of Dr&#46; Bartomeu Robert i Yarz&#225;bal<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12&#8211;14</span></a> stands out as the immediate precursor and promoter of the neurological specialty in Catalonia&#46; He foresaw the importance of neurology as a fully differentiated specialty and aided Dr&#46; Barraquer Roviralta in the creation of the first neurology and electrotherapy clinic at Hospital de la Santa Creu&#44; in 1882&#46; Dr&#46; Bertran i Rubi&#243; was another pioneering figure and a precursor of clinical neurology who joined the Catalan Royal Academy of Medicine in 1865&#44; and was the first person to be accepted at the academy as a neurologist and &#8220;electrologist&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;15</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">The first Catalan Neurological Societies</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The last third of the nineteenth century is known in Catalonia as &#8220;Renaixen&#231;a&#8221; &#40;Renaissance&#41; and is characterised by a period of economic awakening&#44; as well as artistic&#44; social&#44; cultural&#44; political&#44; scientific and medical development&#46; It was the time of birth of the different medical specialties&#46; The birth and consolidation of the various medical societies took place in the early twentieth century&#46; The Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona was founded in this context&#46; Its statutes were published in the prestigious medical journal of the time &#8220;The Catalan Medical Gazette&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46; It was the first Catalan and Spanish neurological society and it was chaired by Artur Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s &#40;Girona&#44; 1850&#8211;Barcelona&#44; 1919&#41; &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0015">Fig&#46; 3</a>&#41;&#46; The other physicians who comprised the first Board were Xercavins i Rius&#44; Moles Ornella&#44; Conill Mataro&#44; Farreras Sampere&#44; Ribas Pujol and Saforcada&#46; The doctors Mart&#237; Julia and Rodriguez Morini also contributed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16&#44;17</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It should be stressed that in those times neurology and psychiatry were covered by a single medical branch and were known as &#8220;medical neuropsychiatry&#8221;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span></a> Consequently&#44; the precursors of modern psychiatry also had significant neurological training and&#44; conversely&#44; the precursors of modern neurology also had a solid background in psychiatry&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Dr&#46; Artur Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s was a disciple of the psychiatry school of Joan Gin&#233; i Partagas&#46; However&#44; he unequivocally referred to himself as a&#8221; neurologist and mentalist&#8221; in his publications<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;24</span></a> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0020">Fig&#46; 4</a>&#41;&#46; He was director of the mental hospital of Sant Boi in Llobregat and afterwards of Hospital Pere Mata in Reus&#46; Dr&#46; Domingo Marti i Julia &#40;1860&#8211;1917&#41; relieved him as President from 1915 to 1917&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s died in Barcelona in the year 1919&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0020"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We must stress that Barraquer Roviralta&#44; the founder of Catalan and Spanish clinical neurology&#44; was a contemporary of Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s&#46; It is striking&#44; however&#44; that neither he nor any of his disciples&#44; such as Celestino Vilumara and Bonaventura Clotet&#44; formed part of the board of the pioneer Society of Psychiatry and Neurology&#46; This was perhaps because it was composed of practitioners with a mainly clinical or exclusively forensic and psychiatric approach&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a></p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We should also note that 1 year after the death of Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s&#44; the 1920 &#8220;Annual of Hospital de la Santa Creu&#8221; already mentioned that the Neuropathology and Electrotherapy Service had Dr&#46; Barraquer Roviralta as a teacher&#44; Alberto Roca i Munnar as an assistant physician and E&#46; Peres Casa&#241;as as a medical intern&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Neurology as a distinct and exclusive specialty separate from psychiatry had begun its journey&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona became the Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry and would be chaired in 1934 by Belarmino Rodriguez Arias&#44; another of the great figures in the history of Catalan neurology&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a> This evolution was possible because&#44; since 1930&#44; there had been active involvement in society of many neurologists with scientific interest&#44; such as Barraquer Ferr&#233;&#44; Rodriguez Arias&#44; Subirana&#44; Gispert Cruz and Casta&#241;er Vendrell&#44; among others&#46; Finally&#44; in 1934&#44; the combination of this circumstance facilitated the creation of the Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry&#44; which replaced the previous one&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Another important development was the 1936 creation of the Municipal Neurological Institute of Barcelona&#44; which was the first hospital centre devoted exclusively to neurological patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;25</span></a> This hospital also conducted significant clinical research and teaching duties&#46; Its manager was Rodriguez Arias&#44; who was president of the Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry at the time &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0025">Fig&#46; 5</a>&#41;&#46; He would also be appointed assistant professor of Neurology&#44; in the first chair of this specialty existing in Spain&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;9</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Birth and evolution of other neurological societies</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1932&#44; a hybrid society bringing together specialists in neurology&#44; psychiatry&#44; ophthalmology and ENT was created in Barcelona&#46; It was known as the Oto-Neuro-Ophthalmology Society of Barcelona&#46; Dr&#46; Barraquer Ferr&#233; was the president of this medical society in 1935&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the Spanish Civil War&#44; the Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry was dissolved&#46; After the war&#44; it would reappear in 1941 under the name Neurology and Psychiatry Association&#44; chaired by the psychiatrist Jose Cordoba Rodr&#237;guez&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The monthly meetings of the association presented both neurological and psychiatric articles&#46; Sometimes&#44; these were devoted to a single specialty or to specific issues&#46; The association included not only neurologists&#44; neurosurgeons&#44; neuropsychiatrists and psychiatrists&#44; but also those interested in the neurological subspecialties that gradually arose&#44; such as EEG specialists or neuroradiologists&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> The existence of this wide range of subspecialties stemming from the common branch of neurology and their growth and development were reasonable grounds that consolidated the foundations of the subsequent and necessary separation of neurology and psychiatry&#44; from the clinical and healthcare perspectives&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The year 1949 witnessed the foundation in Barcelona of the Spanish Society of Neurology&#44; by L&#46; Barraquer Ferr&#233;&#44; B&#46; Rodriguez Arias and A&#46; Subirana&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;2</span></a> Later&#44; in 1968&#44; the Association of Neurological Sciences was created&#44; presided by Lluis Barraquer Bordas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a> Finally&#44; in 1973&#44; Codina Puiggr&#242;s was appointed president of the Association of Neurological Sciences&#44; and with his secretary Mart&#237; Vilalta&#44; changed the name to its current version&#58; Catalan Society of Neurology&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0125"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25&#44;26</span></a></p></span></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The Society of Neurology and Psychiatry of Barcelona&#44; founded in 1911 by Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s and precursor of the Catalan Society of Neurology&#44; was the first neurological society&#46; It must be stressed that the year 2011 saw the 100th anniversary of the founding of the first Catalan and Spanish Neurological Society&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflict of interests</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
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              "titulo" => "The French neurologists"
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          "titulo" => "The first Catalan Neurological Societies"
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              "titulo" => "Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry"
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              "titulo" => "Birth and evolution of other neurological societies"
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            1 => "Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry"
            2 => "Association of Psychiatry and Neurology"
            3 => "Association of Neurological Sciences"
            4 => "Catalan Society of Neurology"
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            2 => "Asociaci&#243;n de Psiquiatr&#237;a y Neurolog&#237;a"
            3 => "Asociaci&#243;n de Ciencias Neurol&#243;gicas"
            4 => "Societat Catalana de Neurologia"
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    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Little is known about the first Catalan neurological societies&#46; Our aim was to analyse them from the formation of the pioneering Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona founded in 1911&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Development</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We performed a literature search using MEDLINE using the key words&#58; neurological societies&#44; using the doctoral thesis of MG Fabregas&#58; &#8220;History of Neurology in Catalonia from 1882 to 1949&#8221; and original historical bibliographical sources of the Library of the Academy of Sciences M&#232;diques de Catalunya i Balears&#46; The presence of neurological societies in Catalunya is relatively recent&#46; The first society was established a century ago&#44; and was the Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona&#44; founded by Artur Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s in 1911&#46; This became the Catalan Society of Neurology and Psychiatry in 1934 under the presidency of Belarmino Rodriguez Arias&#46; With the civil war&#44; the society broke up and reappeared under the name Association of Psychiatry and Neurology presided over by Jos&#233; C&#243;rdoba Rodr&#237;guez &#40;1941&#41;&#44; emerging in 1968 as the Association of Neurological Sciences with Llu&#237;s Barraquer Bordas as President&#46; In 1973 it assumed the current name of Catalan Society of Neurology under Agust&#237; Codina Puiggr&#243;s&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The Society of Psychiatry and Neurology of Barcelona founded in 1911 by Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s was the first neurological society and was a precursor of the Catalan Society of Neurology&#46; It should be highlighted that in 2011 it will be 100 years since the founding of the first neurological society in Catalonia and Spain&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El conocimiento de las sociedades neurol&#243;gicas anteriores a la Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a &#40;a&#241;o 1949&#41; es escaso&#46; Las analizamos partiendo de la pionera Sociedad de Psiquiatr&#237;a y Neurolog&#237;a de Barcelona&#44; fundada en 1911&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Desarrollo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Efectuamos una b&#250;squeda bibliogr&#225;fica mediante MEDLINE a partir de la palabra clave neurological societies&#44; utilizando tambi&#233;n la tesis doctoral de M&#46;G&#46; Fabregas &#8220;Hist&#242;ria de la Neurologia a Catalunya&#46; De l&#8217;any 1882 a l&#8217;any 1949&#8221; y de fuentes bibliogr&#225;ficas hist&#243;ricas originales de la Biblioteca de la Acad&#232;mia de Ci&#232;ncies M&#232;diques de Catalunya i Balears de Barcelona&#46; En Catalu&#241;a y en Espa&#241;a&#44; la primera sociedad neurol&#243;gica se cre&#243; hace un siglo&#44; y fue la Sociedad de Psiquiatr&#237;a y Neurolog&#237;a de Barcelona&#44; fundada por Artur Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s en 1911&#46; Posteriormente&#44; se denominar&#237;a Societat Catalana de Psiquiatria i Neurologia y en 1934 estar&#237;a presidida por Belarmino Rodr&#237;guez Arias&#46; Con la guerra civil se disolvi&#243; y reaparecer&#237;a con el nombre de Asociaci&#243;n de Psiquiatr&#237;a y Neurolog&#237;a y estar&#237;a presidida por Jos&#233; C&#243;rdoba Rodr&#237;guez &#40;1941&#41;&#46; Dicha sociedad ser&#237;a precursora de la Asociaci&#243;n de Ciencias Neurol&#243;gicas de Barraquer Bordas &#40;a&#241;o 1968&#41; y &#233;sta lo ser&#237;a de la Societat Catalana de Neurolog&#237;a&#44; fundada por Codina Puiggr&#243;s en 1973&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La Sociedad de Psiquiatria y Neurologia de Barcelona fundada en 1911 por Galcer&#225;n i Gran&#233;s&#44; y precursora de la Societat Catalana de Neurologia&#44; fue la primera sociedad neurol&#243;gica&#46; Se debe remarcar que en el a&#241;o 2011 se cumplen 100 a&#241;os de la fundaci&#243;n de la primera sociedad neurol&#243;gica catalana y espa&#241;ola&#46;</p>"
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        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Arboix A&#44; Fabregas MG&#46; Las primeras sociedades neurol&#243;gicas catalanas y sus protagonistas&#46; Neurolog&#237;a&#46; 2011&#59;27&#58;112&#8211;8&#46;</p>"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">First page of the statutes of the pioneer Society of Neurology and Psychiatry of Barcelona&#44; published in 1911 in the &#8220;Catalan Medical Gazette&#8221; &#40;p&#46; 118&#8211;9&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a></p>"
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Article information
ISSN: 21735808
Original language: English
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es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos