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Letter to the Editor
Atypical presentation of Terson syndrome: Presentation of a case
Presentación atípica de un Síndrome de Terson: A propósito de un caso
A.V. Sánchez Ferreiroa,
Corresponding author
vanesaferreiro1980@yahoo.es

Corresponding author.
, L. Muñoz Bellidob
a Servicio de oftalmología, Hospital del Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, Spain
b Servicio de neurología, Hospital del Bierzo, Ponferrada, León, Spain
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Subarachnoid haemorrhage &#40;SAH&#41; associated with vitreous haemorrhage was first described by French ophthalmologist Albert Terson in 1900&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> At present&#44; any type of intracranial haemorrhage<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> accompanied by vitreous haemorrhage is known as Terson syndrome &#40;TS&#41;&#46; SAH generally occurs as a result of a ruptured cerebral aneurysm&#46; It is relatively frequent&#44; with an incidence accounting for 5&#37; of all cases of cerebral vascular disease&#46; In contrast&#44; TS is exceptional&#46; The mechanism by which SAH causes intraocular bleeding is a matter of debate&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;3</span></a> A number of theories state that by means of a direct mechanism&#44; blood is forced through the stem of the optic nerve and into the globe while the SAH is occurring&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3</span></a> Other authors suggest that vitreous haemorrhage is the result of venous hypertension and disruption of retinal vessels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In TS&#44; most subarachnoid haemorrhages are caused by spontaneous rupture of an aneurysm&#46; The 3 most common locations are the intracranial internal carotid artery&#44; the bifurcation of the middle cerebral artery&#44; and the superior part of the basilar artery&#46; The anatomical location of the aneurysm has not been linked to the side on which TS appears&#46; It has also been shown that anatomical proximity between the aneurysm and the vitreous cavity is not required in order for an intraocular haemorrhage to occur&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present a case study of a white male who came to the emergency department due to sudden headache accompanied by vomiting and loss of consciousness&#46; These symptoms resulted from SAH due to ruptured aneurysm&#44; which was diagnosed by computed tomography &#40;CT&#41;&#46; The patient regained consciousness in 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#44; which is very unusual&#59; SAH patients normally remain in a coma for a longer period of time&#46; The aneurysm was embolised several days later using a platinum microcoil&#46; Nothing in the patient&#39;s medical history was relevant to the event&#46; He was referred to an ophthalmologist due to loss of vision in the left eye &#40;LE&#41;&#46; Findings from the ophthalmic examination were normal&#44; except for a large subhyaloid haemorrhage at the back of the LE that was affecting the macular area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; The haemorrhage was treated with Nd&#58;YAG laser posterior hyaloidotomy&#46; This caused a dense extension of blood in the vitreous cavity which was reabsorbed in 2 months&#44; and the patient&#39;s eyesight recovered&#46; This treatment option was chosen because the intraocular haemorrhage did not resolve spontaneously&#44; and because the patient&#39;s condition discouraged us from subjecting him to stressful situations such as additional surgical procedures&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is a well-known fact that the presence of TS is an indicator of SAH severity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Most patients with TS remain unconscious for extended periods of time&#44; as stated above&#44; which is a sign of the magnitude of the condition&#46; However&#44; our patient&#39;s case was atypical&#44; as he regained consciousness in 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; In one study&#44; Pfauser et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> found very high mortality rates among TS patients&#46; Diagnosis of TS is indicative of a very poor prognosis&#44; and frequently associated with rebleed from the aneurysm&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Therefore&#44; examining the back of the eye in patients with SAH is a simple&#44; non-invasive procedure that can provide information about the prognosis for SAH<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a>&#59; the outcome in our case&#44; however&#44; was atypical&#46;</p></span>"
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ISSN: 21735808
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