Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa. Cognitive and radiological findings

array:25 ["pii" => "S2173580812001666" "issn" => "21735808" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01" "aid" => "279" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2011" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:504-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3367 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 62 "HTML" => 2446 "PDF" => 859 ] ] "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S0213485311003094" "issn" => "02134853" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2011.08.003" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01" "aid" => "279" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:504-10" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 13493 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 87 "HTML" => 11849 "PDF" => 1557 ] ] "es" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Revisión" "titulo" => "Neuropsicología y anorexia nerviosa. Hallazgos cognitivos y radiológicos" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "504" "paginaFinal" => "510" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa. Cognitive and radiological findings" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Oltra Cucarella, R. Espert Tortajada, L. Rojo Moreno" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Oltra Cucarella" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Espert Tortajada" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Rojo Moreno" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "en" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S2173580812001666" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.003" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001666?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485311003094?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/02134853/0000002700000008/v1_201305151158/S0213485311003094/v1_201305151158/es/main.assets" ] ] "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2173580812001691" "issn" => "21735808" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.10.008" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01" "aid" => "306" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurología" "documento" => "simple-article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "cor" "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:511-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 3891 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 86 "HTML" => 3042 "PDF" => 763 ] ] "en" => array:10 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Letter to the Editor" "titulo" => "Guillain-Barré syndrome as first presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "511" "paginaFinal" => "513" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Síndrome de Guillain-Barré como forma de presentación de un linfoma no Hodgkin" ] ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "F.J. Polo-Romero, P. Sánchez-Beteta, P. Perona-Buendía, A.M. Pérez-García" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "F.J." "apellidos" => "Polo-Romero" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Sánchez-Beteta" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "P." "apellidos" => "Perona-Buendía" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "Pérez-García" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0213485311004397" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2011.10.009" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485311004397?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001691?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001691/v1_201305151344/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:20 [ "pii" => "S2173580812001654" "issn" => "21735808" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01" "aid" => "276" "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 0 "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/" "subdocumento" => "ssu" "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:500-3" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 2325 "formatos" => array:3 [ "EPUB" => 55 "HTML" => 1632 "PDF" => 638 ] ] "en" => array:12 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Review article" "titulo" => "Central neuropathic pain in Parkinson's disease" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:2 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "500" "paginaFinal" => "503" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Dolor neuropático central en enfermedad de Parkinson" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "C.B. Moreno, N. Hernández-Beltrán, D. Munévar, A.M. Gutiérrez-Alvarez" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "C.B." "apellidos" => "Moreno" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "N." "apellidos" => "Hernández-Beltrán" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "D." "apellidos" => "Munévar" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A.M." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-Alvarez" ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "Traduccion" => array:1 [ "es" => array:9 [ "pii" => "S0213485311003069" "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2011.08.001" "estado" => "S300" "subdocumento" => "" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485311003069?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ] ] "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001654?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001654/v1_201305151344/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:19 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Review article" "titulo" => "Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa. Cognitive and radiological findings" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "504" "paginaFinal" => "510" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J. Oltra Cucarella, R. Espert Tortajada, L. Rojo Moreno" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Oltra Cucarella" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "javi.oltra@cop.es" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "¿" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Espert Tortajada" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "L." "apellidos" => "Rojo Moreno" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Unidad de Neuropsicología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neuropsicología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Sección de Psiquiatría Infanto Juvenil y de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Hospital Universitari y Politècnic La Fe, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Valencia, Spain" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsicología y anorexia nerviosa. Hallazgos cognitivos y radiológicos" ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionBeginning in the early 1980s and throughout more than a decade, multidisciplinary teams studied cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with eating disorders (EDs) in order to gain a better understanding of the consequences of typical food-related behaviours in patients with either anorexia nervosa (AN) (both the restrictive and purgative forms), or bulimia nervosa (binge-eating disorders).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1–6</a>In the 1990s and after turn of the 21st century, these studies have advanced considerably and saw the rise of research groups which added to the available body of knowledge, refined research, and created neuropsychological, neurobiological, functional and metabolic models to explain the aetiopathogenesis of EDs. Researchers from the fields of neurology, molecular biology, and radiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035">7–27</a> improved the methodology and incorporated medical technology capable of providing empirical data to the study of the cognitive functions. With the aim of analysing the changes that typify these patients, researchers have performed neuroimaging tests such as a positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and even functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). These scans measure cognitive processes and show which cerebral areas have functional impairments in this population.The objective of this study is to provide an updated review of findings from the study of cognitive impairments in AN as of November 2010, including radiological findings. This article gives an overview of the results from different fields of science responsible for studying brain function without focusing on any single aspect of the manifestations of this disorder.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075">15</a> To this end, we performed a literature search using the PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases, using terms related to our topic, such as ‘anorexia nervosa’, ‘neuropsychology of eating disorders’, ‘mental flexibility in eating disorders’ or ‘cerebral function and structure in anorexia nervosa’.AnalysisAN is characterised by relentless insistence on thinness and an excessive refusal to maintain body weight within normal limits, according to the person's age and body type. It is also accompanied by intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140">28</a> The main numerical criterion for establishing a diagnosis of ED is weight under 85% of that recommended for the subject based on age and height. Patients affected by this disorder have distorted perceptions of their image and body size and also estimate their weight and size erroneously.Another fundamental criterion for diagnosing ED is the presence of amenorrhoea in postmenarcheal females.The DSM-IV-TR recognises 2 clinical subtypes of anorexia: restrictive and the purgative AN. Patients with the first subtype aim to reach the desired weight by drastically restricting ingestion of food, strictly controlling the types of food they eat, and limiting calorie intake. They also engage in excessive physical exercise. Patients in the purgative subtype do not restrict food intake as much. They attempt to lose weight by using purgative techniques such as vomiting or laxative abuse. Less than half of all patients recover completely and a third of them only experience partial remission (they continue to suffer with at least 1 of the symptoms of the eating disorder).<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145">29–33</a>According to a large body of evidence in the literature, the function of the central nervous system (CNS) undergoes changes in patients with AN compared to control subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170">34,35</a> For that reason, functional changes in the CNS in these patients have been researched exhaustively and from within different theoretical frameworks in order to understand the onset and course of the disorder, continuation, and prior dysfunctions that may trigger it.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005">1,3–5,7,9,10,13,14,16,18,24,25,27,36–40</a> Researchers have found huge variations when measuring patients’ neuropsychological abilities, such as attention (and its different currently accepted subtypes), working memory, long-term learning, autobiographical memory, processing speed, psychomotor speed, behaviour planning, impulsiveness, problem solving, haptic skills, skin conductance, and information processing.Neuropsychological findingsAt present, the onset of cognitive impairments in patients with AN is a controversial subject. Some authors state that cognitive deficits occur in specific cerebral regions or result from a decrease in either the total cerebral metabolic rate, in blood perfusion, or in the normal function of certain neurotransmitters. Other studies expanded the debate on the scope of cerebral dysfunction by providing data suggesting that 1 cerebral hemisphere was more affected than the other, and researchers completed in-depth analyses of cognitive capacities that are thought to be specific to concrete areas of each cerebral hemisphere.Initial theoriesIn 1984, Kinsbourne and Bemporad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a> hypothesised that there was evidence of dysfunction in the right hemispheres of adolescent female AN patients, especially in the parietal cortex. They concluded that this dysfunction might be related to the girls’ erroneous perception of their own bodies (which they called ‘distorted body image’). Based on this premise, researchers began carrying out studies on abilities thought to be localised in the right hemisphere. Pendleton-Jones, Duncan, Bradley and Rovet all researched AN, and their results varied considerably. While there seemed to be differences in evoked potentials related to a specific cognitive-perceptual event, other researchers found no differences between anorexic patients and control subjects on cognitive tasks intended to measure performance by the right hemisphere.At a later date, Laessle, Pendleton-Jones, Small, Madero and Szmukler found abnormalities in perceptive tasks which could not be explained by impairments in the right hemisphere alone.In 1996, Kingston et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035">7</a> found that visuospatial capacities and short-term memory were deficient in both the acute phase of AN and the period following weight gain. This contradicted findings from neuroimaging tests that showed recovery following weight gain.In 1999, after 12 sessions of surgery, Lauer et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050">10</a> found abnormalities in attention-related tasks, but not in memory and problem-solving tasks. Similar results have been observed in other studies, such as those carried out by Touyz et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010">2</a> Laessle et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015">3</a> Pendleton-Jones et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020">4</a> and Szmukler et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025">5</a>In 2001, in a study of haptic perception in patients with AN and control subjects, Grunwald et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055">11</a> found changes in perceptual processing and somatosensory integration, as well as in short-term memory and selective attention.New theoriesSince the turn of the 21st century, studies about abnormalities in adolescents with ED have become focused on neural networks research and the most typical neuropsychological profiles of patients diagnosed with AN. In 2003, Halmi et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210">42</a> suggested that AN could be a form of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). Since that time, research groups have focused on evaluating the differences between young anorexic girls and healthy subjects by performing tasks related to executive functions. Their studies therefore revolve around the problem solving process, cognitive flexibility, changes in criteria, and types of information processing.In 2004, Cavedini et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080">16</a> found that during the acute phase of the disorder the sample of patients with AN delivered abnormal results on the IGT (Iowa Gambling Task), but not on other cognitive tests. They concluded that impaired decision-making is not merely a non-specific example of the negative effects of malnutrition, but rather that neither nutritional state, severity of the symptoms, general cognitive impairment, nor the mood disorders found in other studies of AN patients is responsible for abnormal performance on the IGT, as there was no relationship between execution of the task and the variables listed above. These impairments were specific to the frontal dysfunctions commonly found in patients with AN and observed using neuroimaging techniques.This resulted in a new hypothesis and line of research supported by a number of other authors. It stated that general abnormalities in decision-making, cognitive flexibility, criteria, or information processing styles were probably not a direct consequence of malnutrition or an indirect result of cerebral morphological impairments, but rather premorbid symptoms of a tendency towards AN. This tendency could then worsen upon the appearance of the different biological (biochemical, morphological, functional, and endocrine) consequences typically found in anorexia-type eating disorders. Although other authors have found results that contradict Cavedini's, their samples differed in the areas of symptom severity or control over emotional variables, and those differences may have influenced results.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215">43</a>In 2004, Tchanturia et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">14</a> researched cognitive flexibility in patients with AN and found 4 specific factors: simple alternation, mental flexibility, perseveration, and perceptual shift. Patients with AN performed more poorly than control subjects on simple alternation and perceptual shift tasks. An interesting fact about that study is that researchers checked for variations in scores between the 2 AN subgroups (restrictive and purgative) and found no significant differences.In 2006, Steinglass et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190">38</a> found cognitive flexibility problems in patients with AN, although other cognitive functions were normal. More specifically, AN patients experienced difficulty with set shifting tasks and were less able to adapt to changes in rules. These authors concluded that the presence of cognitive problems in subjects of normal weight and without attention deficit disorder suggests that neuropsychological disorders which are not attributable to low weight alone may be present in AN. This supports the hypothesis that abnormalities may exist prior to onset of the disorder rather than merely resulting from it.In 2007, Tchanturia et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185">37</a> demonstrated that AN patient scores on the IGT did not improve over time. This study, which used skin conductance measures, concluded that according to the somatic marker hypothesis, deficient decision-making ability could be due to lack of sensitivity and/or failure to generate peripheral alarm responses.In 2008, the same authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205">41</a> used the Haptic Illusion Task which revealed abnormal results for a task involving estimating the weight of different balls. They concluded that these results could have to do with changes in the right parietal cortex and/or the prefrontal cortex.According to Jacobi et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225">45</a> there are links between deficiencies in criteria-changing ability and cognitive flexibility in AN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230">46,47</a> and obsessive-compulsive personality traits (preoccupation with details, lists and order; perfectionism; inflexible and rigid mind-set), all of which are significant predisposing factors in the complex aetiology of AN. Following those observations, Southgate et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220">44</a> carried out a study that measured how AN patients performed on a test that distinguishes between different information processing styles. In line with prior studies demonstrating that anorexic patients performed better on tasks requiring local information processing (e.g. the Embedded Figures Test) than on tasks requiring more global processing (e.g. puzzles, Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test, Bender-Gestalt test),<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035">7,48,49</a> these researchers used the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). The test revealed that AN patients performed better on a task consisting of presenting six possible options and asking the subject to find the only figure identical to the model. Patients with AN answered more rapidly and precisely than control subjects. The authors concluded that their good performance on this task reflects weak central coherence, that is, a bias towards processing details rather than the Gestalt or whole view of the image. As they did not find an association between the variables and body mass index (BMI), the authors suggested that data could not be said to result from the subject's physical condition. In fact, the good performances by subjects with AN and low body weight were revealing, since food deprivation and dieting have been associated with cognitive deficits.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045">9,50</a>In 2008, Chui et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">26</a> found abnormal results in neuropsychological tests performed on AN patients compared to healthy subjects, even 6 years after diagnosis and with a mean BMI of 21.8. They detected impairments in verbal abilities, cognitive efficiency, reading, mathematics, and long-term verbal memory. For the first time, this study compared patients with and without amenorrhoea and found that patients with amenorrhoea or irregular menstruation did not present significantly higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles or in their temporal horns. However, they scored significantly lower than control subjects in the areas of verbal ability, cognitive efficiency, oral language, mathematics, reading, and long-term memory.Neuroimaging findingsThe different studies including neuroradiological tests have revealed data indicative of functional changes in large regions of the brain (e.g., frontal cortex, parietal cortex), and specific cerebral areas (e.g., caudate nucleus, thalamus, lateral inferior frontal cortex) in patients with acute ED compared to control subjects, subjects with other psychiatric disorders, or subjects diagnosed with AN who meet specific criteria for being considered in recovery or remission.Positron emission tomographyThe first studies with PET and SPECT presented significant methodological flaws such as very small sample size and control groups containing only males or very elderly subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255">51–57</a> As a result, conclusions from these studies cannot be compared with those from other studies in young female populations.According to functional neuroimaging studies in patients with AN, the parietal cortex (PC) is the area of the brain most affected by the disorder. Parietal activity decreases prior to treatment and weight gain, and it increases after treatment.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040">8,58–60</a>Some authors observed decreased perfusion and metabolism in the superior frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (PET)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040">8</a> in patients with very low body weight, which seemed to revert after weight gain. At the same time, they discovered increases in metabolism in the caudate nucleus and lateral inferior frontal cortex, thalamus and putamen,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290">58–60</a> which persisted after weight gain.Single-photon emission computed tomographyWhereas some authors observed that patients with very low body weights presented decreased perfusion and metabolism in frontal regions (SPECT)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">61</a> that seem to revert after weight gain, other authors found such decreases in the orbitofrontal (SPECT)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060">12</a> and right prefrontal dorsolateral cortex (SPECT)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">61</a> after weight gain, which contradicts prior findings. The fact that these abnormalities do not revert after weight gain shows that rather than being caused by malnutrition, they underlie the disorder.Lesions and dysfunctions of the right hemisphere seem either to play a more important role in the onset of the disorder or else show increased susceptibility to the consequences resulting from malnutrition and the typical behaviours of subjects with AN.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090">18,38</a> Nevertheless, this is a very controversial topic given that lateralisation of this cerebral pathology has not been demonstrated by all the studies, as most of them focus on assessing concrete areas of the brain.Functional magnetic resonance imagingIn a study of how AN patients process images of themselves and of other people, Sachdev's group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180">36</a> found differences in the activation of the medial frontal gyrus, precuneus, and occipital regions of acute-phase AN patients compared to a control group. In studies comparing satiated or hungry patients with control subjects, researchers observed that satiated patients presented less PC activity (Brodmann area [BA]40) than control subjects during a challenge test with food drawings. Nevertheless, when patients were hungry, activity in the primary area and the associative area of the occipital cortex (BA 17 and 18) was lower than in control subjects.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">62</a>In addition, researchers have also found changes in cerebral activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left insula.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315">63</a> Data gathered from patients in long-term recovery showed hyperactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex (BA 8, 9, 10, and 32) and the cerebellum, as well as hypoactivity in the PC (BA 7 and 40) and occipital cortex (BA 18). Moreover, other researchers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320">64</a> found that in the presence of symptom-inducing stimuli, activity in the insula, anterior cingulate cortex, and ventral and dorsal striatum was significantly decreased in recovered AN patients compared to control subjects.The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is linked to rewarding stimuli, such as good tastes or smells, while the ventrolateral frontal cortex assesses punitive stimuli and whether or not behaviour should be changed.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325">65</a>With the help of studies offering structural images of the brain and others using computed tomography scans,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270">54,55,66,67</a> researchers have reached a consensus regarding the decrease in cerebral volume and the dilation of the cerebral ventricles, with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid volume (CSF). These changes seem to revert, at least partially, after weight gain.DiscussionStudies on the neuropsychological abilities of AN patients have revealed the wide variety of deficits that may appear in this disorder. As studies multiply, theories develop, assessment techniques improve, and knowledge increases, researchers are beginning to assess the disorder from another angle. While conclusions from earlier studies stated that AN patients showed reversible morphological changes and overall neuropsychological impairments that significantly impacted information processing speed, attention capacities,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020">4–7</a> and verbal memory, we now observe that these changes are predisposing factors for the disorder rather than results of its effect. Researchers have changed approaches and now concentrate more on studying neuropsychological abilities specific to the right hemisphere and prefrontal cortex, according to theories by Halmi et al.,<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">59</a> and the links between AN and OCD. This new angle is supported by neuroimaging findings that show specific alterations in the frontal areas and the neuropsychological abilities localised there: cognitive flexibility, impulsiveness, problem solving, perseveration, and change of criteria. Researchers also point to the detail-oriented information processing style which, along with changes in the parietal and the occipital cortex, could explain patients’ behaviour when confronted with food-related variables, causing such changes to be identified as predisposing factors rather than results of the malnutrition that characterises AN patients.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070">14–16,18,19,22,24–27,68</a>There is still considerable work to be done with regard to analysing neuropsychological changes in patients diagnosed with AN. This is particularly true in Spain, where only a few groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345">69</a> have studied this disorder in a systematic and exhaustive way. As our field of knowledge on the subject increases, we will be able to provide better care, and with the help of neuropsychological treatment, the percentage of remissions and recoveries may increase. Over the years, clinical neuropsychology has evolved to constitute a basic tool for the identification, prevention, and management of eating disorders. It acts as a complement to classic clinical psychology and neuroimaging tests by allowing early identification of typical symptoms of AN in these patients. As a result, doctors can take action in the initial stages of the disorder in order to prevent patients’ body weights from reaching unhealthy levels.Conflicts of interestThe authors have no conflicts of interest to declare." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:10 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres170068" "titulo" => array:4 [ 0 => "Abstract" 1 => "Introduction" 2 => "Development" 3 => "Conclusions" ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158138" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xres170069" "titulo" => array:4 [ 0 => "Resumen" 1 => "Introducción" 2 => "Desarrollo" 3 => "Conclusiones" ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158137" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Analysis" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Neuropsychological findings" "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Initial theories" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "New theories" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Neuroimaging findings" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Positron emission tomography" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Single-photon emission computed tomography" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Functional magnetic resonance imaging" ] ] ] 6 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack44769" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" ] 9 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2011-05-20" "fechaAceptado" => "2011-08-26" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158138" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Anorexia nervosa" 1 => "Cerebral changes" 2 => "Cognitive impairment" 3 => "Frontal cortex" 4 => "Neuropsychology" 5 => "Neuropsychological network" 6 => "Parietal cortex" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158137" "palabras" => array:7 [ 0 => "Alteraciones cognitivas" 1 => "Anorexia nerviosa" 2 => "Cambios cerebrales" 3 => "Córtex frontal" 4 => "Córtex parietal" 5 => "Neuropsicología" 6 => "Red neuropsicológica" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "IntroductionResearch into neuropsychological impairments present in the patients suffering from anorexia nervosa (AN) has advanced considerably, in the past decades. It now provides neuropsychologists with a wide field of knowledge of the changes found in the cerebral and cognitive capabilities of these patients, as well as their reversible or static features, thereby yielding a characteristic profile of neuropsychological impairment in AN. DevelopmentWe present a review updated to December 2010 of the results delivered by studies of both morphological and cognitive changes, providing us with an updated theoretical and practical framework for conducting future research. ConclusionsThe studies to date show morphological and functional cerebral changes in the patients diagnosed with AN, but have yet to clarify whether these changes occur after the onset of the disease or if, as more recent research shows, they are one of its causes and could be the basis for a tendency towards developing anorexic symptomatology. Later studies show a neuropsychological network with impairments in the prefrontal and right parietal cortices as a characteristic feature, meaning that those capacities and their related cerebral areas would play major role in the onset and development of the illness. These studies have completely changed classic theories about AN." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "IntroducciónEl estudio de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas halladas en pacientes diagnosticadas de anorexia nerviosa (AN) ha experimentado, a través de las últimas décadas, un espectacular avance proporcionando un amplio campo de conocimientos acerca de los cambios observados en la morfología cerebral y las capacidades cognitivas, así como de la reversibilidad o estabilidad de estos, conformando un perfil de alteración neuropsicológico característico de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria. DesarrolloSe presenta una revisión actualizada hasta diciembre de 2010 de los resultados obtenidos en la literatura acerca de las alteraciones, tanto de la morfología cerebral como de las capacidades neuropsicológicas, aportando un marco actualizado de comprensión e intervención para futuras investigaciones. ConclusionesLas conclusiones de los estudios realizados hasta la fecha muestran cambios cerebrales a nivel estructural y funcional en pacientes diagnosticadas de AN sugiriendo, en contra de las teorías iniciales, que no se producen de manera posterior al comienzo de la enfermedad, sino que están a la base del desarrollo del trastorno y suponen una predisposición para desarrollar sintomatología anoréxica. Asimismo, los estudios más recientes parecen mostrar una red neuropsicológica característica en la AN, que implicaría alteraciones predominantemente de las habilidades del córtex prefrontal, en línea con el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo, y del córtex parietal derecho, otorgándole un papel fundamental para la comprensión de la aparición y el desarrollo de las alteraciones neuropsicológicas en pacientes AN a las capacidades neuropsicológicas relacionadas con las áreas cerebrales alteradas, y que modifican por completo las teorías clásicas acerca de la AN." ] ] "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "Please cite this article as: Oltra Cucarella J, et al. Neuropsicología y anorexia nerviosa. Hallazgos cognitivos y radiológicos. Neurología. 2012;27:504–10." ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:69 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prediction of outcome in anorexia nervosa from neuropsychological status" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K.S. Hamsher" 1 => "K.A. Halmi" 2 => "A.L. Benton" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "1981" "volumen" => "4" "paginaInicial" => "79" "paginaFinal" => "88" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6939002" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0010" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychological correlates of dieting disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "S.W. Touyz" 1 => "P.J.V. Beumont" 2 => "L.C. Johnstone" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord" "fecha" => "1986" "volumen" => "5" "paginaInicial" => "1025" "paginaFinal" => "1034" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cerebral atrophy and vigilance performance in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "R.G. Laessle" 1 => "J.C. Krieg" 2 => "M.M. Fichter" 3 => "K.M. Pirke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "118575" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychobiology" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "21" "paginaInicial" => "187" "paginaFinal" => "191" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2630934" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cognition in eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B. Pendleton-Jones" 1 => "C.C. Duncan" 2 => "P. Brouwers" 3 => "A. Mirsky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/01688639108401085" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "711" "paginaFinal" => "728" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1955527" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0025" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychological impairment in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "G.I. Szmukler" 1 => "D. Andrewes" 2 => "K. Kingston" 3 => "L. Chen" 4 => "R.S. Stargatt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/01688639208402834" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol" "fecha" => "1992" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "347" "paginaFinal" => "352" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1572954" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0030" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Intellect, perceptual characteristics and weight gain in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "A. Small" 1 => "J. Madero" 2 => "L. Teagno" 3 => "M. Ebert" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Psychol" "fecha" => "1993" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "780" "paginaFinal" => "782" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6630557" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychological and structural brain changes in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "K. Kingston" 1 => "G. Szmukler" 2 => "D. Andrewes" 3 => "B. Tress" 4 => "P. Desmond" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "521" "paginaFinal" => "527" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2236361" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain hypometabolism of glucose in anorexia nervosa: normalization after weight gain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Delvenne" 1 => "S. Goldman" 2 => "V. De Maertelaer" 3 => "Y. Simon" 4 => "A. Luxen" 5 => "F. Lotstra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/0006-3223(95)00522-6" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "761" "paginaFinal" => "768" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894069" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Impaired colour-naming of clinically salient words as a measure of recovery in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M. Green" 1 => "A. Wakeling" 2 => "N.A. Elliman" 3 => "P.J. Rogers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Behav Ther" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "53" "paginaFinal" => "62" ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0050" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychological assessments before and after treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "C.J. Lauer" 1 => "B. Gorzewski" 2 => "M. Gerlinghoff" 3 => "H. Backmund" 4 => "J. Zihl" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "129" "paginaFinal" => "138" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221745" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0055" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Deficits in haptic perception and right parietal theta power changes in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Grunwald" 1 => "C. Ettrich" 2 => "B. Assmann" 3 => "A. Dahne" 4 => "W. Krause" 5 => "F. Busse" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "417" "paginaFinal" => "428" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11285579" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Regional cerebral blood flow in weight-restored anorexia nervosa: a preliminary study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Rastam" 1 => "J. Bjure" 2 => "E. Vestergren" 3 => "P. Uvebrant" 4 => "I.C. Gillber" 5 => "E. Wetnz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Dev Med Child Neurol" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "239" "paginaFinal" => "242" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305400" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0300893211006002" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "03008932" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0065" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain structure and function in adolescents with anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "N.C. Kerem" 1 => "D.K. Katzman" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Adolesc Med State Art Rev" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "109" "paginaFinal" => "118" ] ] ] ] ] ] 13 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "14" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Tchanturia" 1 => "M.B. Anderluh" 2 => "R.G. Morris" 3 => "S. Rabe-Hesketh" 4 => "D.A. Collier" 5 => "P. Sanchez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617704104086" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "513" "paginaFinal" => "520" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15327730" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 14 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "15" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychology of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "M. Duchesne" 1 => "P. Mattos" 2 => "L.F. Fontenelle" 3 => "H. Veiga" 4 => "L. Rizod" 5 => "J.C. Appolinario" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "/S1516-44462004000200008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Bras Psiquiatr" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "26" "paginaInicial" => "107" "paginaFinal" => "117" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15517062" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 15 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "16" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuropsychological investigation of decision-making in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "P. Cavedini" 1 => "T. Bassi" 2 => "A. Ubbiali" 3 => "A. Casolari" 4 => "S. Giordani" 5 => "C. Zorzi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.psychres.2004.03.012" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "127" "paginaInicial" => "259" "paginaFinal" => "266" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15296825" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 16 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "17" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Anorexia nervosa remission following left thalamic stroke" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H. Dusoir" 1 => "C. Owens" 2 => "R.B. Forbes" 3 => "J.I. Morrow" 4 => "P.A. Flynn" 5 => "M.O. McCarron" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/jnnp.2004.041459" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "76" "paginaInicial" => "144" "paginaFinal" => "145" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15608021" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 17 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "18" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain lesions and eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "R. Uher" 1 => "J. Treasure" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1136/jnnp.2004.048819" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "76" "paginaInicial" => "852" "paginaFinal" => "857" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15897510" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 18 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "19" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Selective working memory deficits in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E. Kemps" 1 => "M. Tiggemann" 2 => "T. Wade" 3 => "D. Ben-Tovim" 4 => "R. Breyer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Eur Eat Disord Rev" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "14" "paginaInicial" => "97" "paginaFinal" => "103" ] ] ] ] ] ] 19 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "20" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hippocampal volume and cognitive function in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "F. Connan" 1 => "F. Murphy" 2 => "S. Connor" 3 => "P. Rich" 4 => "T. Murphy" 5 => "N. Bara-Carill" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.10.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "146" "paginaInicial" => "117" "paginaFinal" => "125" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16510268" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 20 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "21" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Autobiographical memory deficit in anorexia nervosa: emotion regulation and effect of duration of illness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J.L. Nandrino" 1 => "K. Doba" 2 => "A. Lesnef" 3 => "V. Christophe" 4 => "L. Pezard" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.02.008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psychosom Res" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "61" "paginaInicial" => "537" "paginaFinal" => "543" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17011363" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 21 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "22" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Profile of neurocognitive impairments associated with female in-patients with anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L. Fowler" 1 => "A. Blackwell" 2 => "A. Jaffa" 3 => "R. Palmer" 4 => "T.W. Robbins" 5 => "B.J. Sahakian" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S0033291705006379" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "517" "paginaFinal" => "527" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318655" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 22 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "23" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "I.C. Gillberg" 1 => "M. Råstam" 2 => "E. Wentz" 3 => "Ch Gillberg" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/13803390600584632" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "170" "paginaFinal" => "178" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17365252" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 23 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "24" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Stability of neuropsychological performance in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A.E. Mikos" 1 => "B.D. McDowell" 2 => "D.J. Moser" 3 => "J.D. Bayless" 4 => "W.A. Bowers" 5 => "A.E. Andersen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/10401230701844836" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ann Clin Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "20" "paginaInicial" => "9" "paginaFinal" => "13" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297581" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S0190962210003609" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "01909622" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 24 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "25" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Central coherence in eating disorders: a systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "C. Lopez" 1 => "K. Tchanturia" 2 => "D. Stahl" 3 => "J. Treasure" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "38" "paginaInicial" => "1404" "paginaFinal" => "1993" ] ] ] ] ] ] 25 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "26" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cognitive function and brain structure in females with a history of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "H.T. Chui" 1 => "B.K. Christensen" 2 => "R.B. Zipursky" 3 => "B.A. Richards" 4 => "M.K. Hanratty" 5 => "N.J. Kabani" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "122" "paginaInicial" => "426" "paginaFinal" => "437" ] ] ] ] ] ] 26 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0135" "etiqueta" => "27" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Towards a neurocircuitry in anorexia norvosa: evidence from functional neuroimaging studies" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Van Kuyck" 1 => "N. Gérard" 2 => "K. Van Laere" 3 => "C. Casteels" 4 => "G. Pieters" 5 => "L. Gabriëls" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.04.005" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res" "fecha" => "2009" "volumen" => "43" "paginaInicial" => "1133" "paginaFinal" => "1145" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19442986" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 27 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0140" "etiqueta" => "28" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. Texto Revisado. DSM-IV-TR" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "American Psychiatric Association" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:3 [ "fecha" => "2002" "editorial" => "Masson" "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona" ] ] ] ] ] ] 28 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0145" "etiqueta" => "29" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "H.C. Steinhausen" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1284" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "159" "paginaInicial" => "1284" "paginaFinal" => "1293" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153817" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 29 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0150" "etiqueta" => "30" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Winkler Metzke C. A transcultural outcome study of adolescent eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H.C. Steinhausen" 1 => "S. Boyadjieva" 2 => "M. Grigoroiu-Serbanescu" 3 => "R. Seidel" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Acta Psychiatr Scand" "fecha" => "2000" "volumen" => "101" "paginaInicial" => "60" "paginaFinal" => "66" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10674951" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 30 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0155" "etiqueta" => "31" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The long-term course of severe anorexia nervosa in adolescents: survival analysis of recovery, relapse, and outcome predictors over 10–15 years in a prospective study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Strober" 1 => "R. Freeman" 2 => "W. Morrell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "339" "paginaFinal" => "360" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9356884" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 31 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0160" "etiqueta" => "32" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Mortality in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "P.F. Sullivan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1176/ajp.152.7.1073" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "152" "paginaInicial" => "1073" "paginaFinal" => "1074" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7793446" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 32 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0165" "etiqueta" => "33" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "B.T. Walsh" 1 => "D.A. Klein" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/0954026031000136839" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Rev Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "15" "paginaInicial" => "205" "paginaFinal" => "216" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15276960" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 33 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0170" "etiqueta" => "34" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuroimaging studies in eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "G.K. Frank" 1 => "U.F. Bailer" 2 => "S. Henry" 3 => "A. Wagner" 4 => "W.H. Kaye" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "CNS Spectr" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "9" "paginaInicial" => "539" "paginaFinal" => "548" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15208513" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 34 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0175" "etiqueta" => "35" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neuroimaging in eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "E.A. Stamatakis" 1 => "M.M. Hetherington" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/10284150310001640338" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Nutr Neurosci" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "6" "paginaInicial" => "325" "paginaFinal" => "334" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14744036" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 35 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0180" "etiqueta" => "36" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brains of anorexia nervosa patients process self-images differently from non-self-images: an fMRI study" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "P. Sachdev" 1 => "N. Mondraty" 2 => "W. Wen" 3 => "K. Gulliford" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.031" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "46" "paginaInicial" => "2161" "paginaFinal" => "2168" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18406432" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 36 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0185" "etiqueta" => "37" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "An investigation of decision making in anorexia nervosa using the Iowa Gambling Task and skin conductance measurement" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Tchanturia" 1 => "P. Liao" 2 => "R. Uher" 3 => "N. Lawrence" 4 => "J. Treasure" 5 => "L.C. Campbell" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617707070026" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "1" "paginaFinal" => "7" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17166298" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 37 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0190" "etiqueta" => "38" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Set shifting deficit in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "J.E. Steinglass" 1 => "B.T. Walsh" 2 => "Y. Stern" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "12" "paginaInicial" => "431" "paginaFinal" => "435" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903136" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 38 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0195" "etiqueta" => "39" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Altered 5-HT(2A) receptor binding after recovery from bulimia-type anorexia nervosa: relationships to harm avoidance and drive for thinness" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "U.F. Bailer" 1 => "J.C. Price" 2 => "C.C. Meltzer" 3 => "C.A. Mathis" 4 => "G.K. Frank" 5 => "L. Weissfeld" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/sj.npp.1300430" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychopharmacology" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "29" "paginaInicial" => "1143" "paginaFinal" => "1155" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15054474" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 39 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0200" "etiqueta" => "40" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "G.K. Frank" 1 => "W.H. Kaye" 2 => "C.C. Meltzer" 3 => "J.C. Price" 4 => "P. Greer" 5 => "C. McConaha" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "52" "paginaInicial" => "896" "paginaFinal" => "906" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399143" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 40 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0205" "etiqueta" => "41" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Lateralization of emotion: a model and the evidence" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Kinsbourne" 1 => "J.R. Bemporad" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "The psychobiology of affective development" "paginaInicial" => "259" "paginaFinal" => "291" "serieFecha" => "1984" ] ] ] ] ] ] 41 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0210" "etiqueta" => "42" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Obsesions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Halmi" 1 => "S. Sunday" 2 => "K. Klump" 3 => "M. Strober" 4 => "J. Leckman" 5 => "M. Fichter" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/eat.10138" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "308" "paginaFinal" => "319" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12655628" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 42 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0215" "etiqueta" => "43" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Is decision making really impaired in eating disorders?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Guillaume" 1 => "S. Ngo Ton" 2 => "I. Jaussent" 3 => "I. Raingeard" 4 => "J. Bringer" 5 => "F. Jollant" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1037/a0019806" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychology" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "24" "paginaInicial" => "808" "paginaFinal" => "812" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20853958" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 43 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0220" "etiqueta" => "44" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Information processing bias in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "L. Southgate" 1 => "K. Tchanturia" 2 => "T. Treasure" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.017" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "160" "paginaInicial" => "221" "paginaFinal" => "227" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579218" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 44 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0225" "etiqueta" => "45" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Screening for eating disorders and high-risk behavior: caution" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Jacobi" 1 => "L. Abascal" 2 => "C.B. Taylor" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1002/eat.20048" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "280" "paginaFinal" => "295" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15478137" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 45 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0230" "etiqueta" => "46" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Is impaired set shifting an endophenotype of anorexia nervosa?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "J. Holliday" 1 => "K. Tchanturia" 2 => "S. Landau" 3 => "D. Collier" 4 => "J. Treasure" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2269" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "162" "paginaInicial" => "2269" "paginaFinal" => "2275" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330590" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 46 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "47" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "M.E. Roberts" 1 => "K. Tchanturia" 2 => "D. Stahl" 3 => "L. Southgate" 4 => "J. Treasure" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1017/S0033291707009877" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "1075" "paginaFinal" => "1084" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17261218" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 47 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "48" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cognition in eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "B.P. Jones" 1 => "C.C. Duncan" 2 => "P. Brouwers" 3 => "A.F. Mirsky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1080/01688639108401085" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol" "fecha" => "1991" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "711" "paginaFinal" => "728" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1955527" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 48 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0245" "etiqueta" => "49" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The cognitive profile of anorexia nervosa: a comparative study including a community based sample" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "C. Gillberg" 1 => "M. Rastam" 2 => "M. Johansson" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Compr Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "37" "paginaInicial" => "23" "paginaFinal" => "30" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8770522" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 49 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0250" "etiqueta" => "50" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cognitive functioning, weight change and therapy in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "M.W. Green" 1 => "N.A. Elliman" 2 => "A. Wakeling" 3 => "P.J. Rogers" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res" "fecha" => "1996" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "401" "paginaFinal" => "410" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8923343" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 50 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0255" "etiqueta" => "51" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with eating disorders" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Nozoe" 1 => "T. Naruo" 2 => "R. Yonekura" 3 => "Y. Nakabeppu" 4 => "Y. Soejima" 5 => "N. Nagai" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Brain Res Bull" "fecha" => "1995" "volumen" => "36" "paginaInicial" => "251" "paginaFinal" => "255" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697378" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 51 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0260" "etiqueta" => "52" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Kojima" 1 => "N. Nagai" 2 => "Y. Nakabeppu" 3 => "T. Muranaga" 4 => "D. Deguchi" 5 => "M. Nakajo" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.08.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "2005" "volumen" => "140" "paginaInicial" => "251" "paginaFinal" => "258" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16288853" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 52 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0265" "etiqueta" => "53" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Decreases in blood perfusion of the anterior cingulate gyri in Anorexia Nervosa Restricters assessed by SPECT image analysis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "T. Naruo" 1 => "Y. Nakabeppu" 2 => "D. Deguchi" 3 => "N. Nagai" 4 => "J. Tsutui" 5 => "M. Nakajoet" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "BMC Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2001" "volumen" => "1" "paginaInicial" => "2" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11407997" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 53 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0270" "etiqueta" => "54" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain morphology (CT) and cerebral metabolism (PET) in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "J.C. Krieg" 1 => "H.M. Emrich" 2 => "H. Backmund" 3 => "K.M. Pirke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:4 [ "titulo" => "Advances in biosciences. Disorders of eating behaviour. A psychoneuroendocrine approach" "paginaInicial" => "247" "paginaFinal" => "252" "serieFecha" => "1986" ] ] ] ] ] ] 54 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0275" "etiqueta" => "55" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain morphology and regional cerebral blood flow in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J.C. Krieg" 1 => "C. Lauer" 2 => "G. Leinsinger" 3 => "J. Pahl" 4 => "W. Schreiber" 5 => "K.M. Pirke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1989" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "1041" "paginaFinal" => "1048" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785821" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 55 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0280" "etiqueta" => "56" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Cerebral gray matter volume deficits after weight recovery from anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "E.K. Lambe" 1 => "D.K. Katzman" 2 => "D.J. Mikulis" 3 => "S.H. Kennedy" 4 => "R.B. Zipursky" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Gen Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "537" "paginaFinal" => "542" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10359468" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 56 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0285" "etiqueta" => "57" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "K. Herholz" 1 => "J.C. Krieg" 2 => "H.M. Emrich" 3 => "G. Pawlik" 4 => "C. Beil" 5 => "K.M. Pirke" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "1987" "volumen" => "22" "paginaInicial" => "43" "paginaFinal" => "51" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3491631" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 57 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0290" "etiqueta" => "58" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain hypometabolism of glucose in low-weight depressed patients and in anorectic patients: a consequence of starvation?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Delvenne" 1 => "S. Goldman" 2 => "F. Biver" 3 => "V. De Maertalaer" 4 => "D. Wikler" 5 => "P. Damhaut" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Affect Disord" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "69" "paginaFinal" => "77" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9186804" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 58 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0295" "etiqueta" => "59" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain glucose metabolism in eating disorders assessed by positron emission tomography" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "V. Delvenne" 1 => "S. Goldman" 2 => "V. De Maertelaer" 3 => "F. Lotstra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord" "fecha" => "1999" "volumen" => "25" "paginaInicial" => "29" "paginaFinal" => "37" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924650" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 59 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0300" "etiqueta" => "60" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Brain glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa and affective disorders: influence of weight loss or depressive symptomatology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "V. Delvenne" 1 => "S. Goldman" 2 => "V. De Maertelaer" 3 => "D. Wikler" 4 => "P. Damhaut" 5 => "F. Lotstra" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "74" "paginaInicial" => "83" "paginaFinal" => "92" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204511" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 60 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0305" "etiqueta" => "61" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with interoceptive awareness in the recovery process of anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "R. Matsumoto" 1 => "Y. Kitabayashi" 2 => "J. Narumoto" 3 => "Y. Wada" 4 => "A. Okamoto" 5 => "Y. Ushijima" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.03.042" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "30" "paginaInicial" => "1265" "paginaFinal" => "1270" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777310" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 61 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0310" "etiqueta" => "62" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa: fMRI during cognitive processing of food pictures" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "S. Santel" 1 => "L. Baving" 2 => "K. Krauel" 3 => "T.F. Munte" 4 => "M. Rotte" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.045" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Brain Res" "fecha" => "2006" "volumen" => "1114" "paginaInicial" => "138" "paginaFinal" => "148" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919246" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 62 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0315" "etiqueta" => "63" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Functional anatomy of calorie fear in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "Z. Ellison" 1 => "J. Foong" 2 => "R. Howard" 3 => "E. Bullmore" 4 => "S. Williams" 5 => "J. Treasure" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60530-2" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Lancet" "fecha" => "1998" "volumen" => "352" "paginaInicial" => "1192" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9777840" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 63 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0320" "etiqueta" => "64" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Altered insula response to taste stimuli in individuals recovered from restricting-type anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Wagner" 1 => "H. Aizenstein" 2 => "L. Mazurkewicz" 3 => "J. Fudge" 4 => "G.K. Frank" 5 => "K. Putnam" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1038/sj.npp.1301443" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychopharmacology" "fecha" => "2008" "volumen" => "33" "paginaInicial" => "513" "paginaFinal" => "523" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17487228" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 64 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0325" "etiqueta" => "65" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex: evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M.L. Kringelbach" 1 => "E.T. Rolls" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Prog Neurobiol" "fecha" => "2004" "volumen" => "72" "paginaInicial" => "341" "paginaFinal" => "372" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15157726" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 65 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0330" "etiqueta" => "66" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Reversible and non-reversible enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "H. Artmann" 1 => "H. Grau" 2 => "M. Adelmann" 3 => "R. Schleiffer" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Neuroradiology" "fecha" => "1985" "volumen" => "27" "paginaInicial" => "304" "paginaFinal" => "312" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3876520" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 66 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0335" "etiqueta" => "67" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain changes in adolescents with anorexia nervosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "D.K. Katzman" 1 => "R.B. Zipursky" 2 => "E.K. Lambe" 3 => "D.J. Mikulis" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med" "fecha" => "1997" "volumen" => "151" "paginaInicial" => "793" "paginaFinal" => "797" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9265880" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 67 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0340" "etiqueta" => "68" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Toma de decisiones en la anorexia nerviosa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Salvador" 1 => "L. Mestas" 2 => "F. Gordillo" 3 => "J.M. Arana" 4 => "J.J.G. Meilán" 5 => "E. Pérez" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Neurol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "703" "paginaFinal" => "704" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514644" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 68 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0345" "etiqueta" => "69" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Adolescent anorexia nervosa: cross-sectional and follow-up frontal gray matter disturbances detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => true "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "J. Castro-Fornieles" 1 => "N. Bargalló" 2 => "L. Lázaro" 3 => "S. Andrés" 4 => "C. Falcon" 5 => "M.C. Plana" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.09.013" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res" "fecha" => "2007" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "952" "paginaFinal" => "958" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17112540" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xack44769" "titulo" => "Acknowledgement" "texto" => "We would like to thank San Antonio de Padua School in Carcaixent, Valencia, Spain." ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001666/v1_201305151344/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "9423" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Review articles" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001666/v1_201305151344/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001666?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Review article

Neuropsicología y anorexia nerviosa. Hallazgos cognitivos y radiológicos

J. Oltra Cucarellaa,

Corresponding author

javi.oltra@cop.es

Corresponding author.

, R. Espert Tortajadab, L. Rojo Morenoc

a Unidad de Neuropsicología, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

b Servicio de Neuropsicología, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Valencia, Departamento de Psicobiología, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, Spain

c Sección de Psiquiatría Infanto Juvenil y de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria, Hospital Universitari y Politècnic La Fe, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Valencia, CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Valencia, Spain

Read

6082

Times
was read the article

1468

Total PDF

4614

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:25 [
  "pii" => "S2173580812001666"
  "issn" => "21735808"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.003"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01"
  "aid" => "279"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2011"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 0
  "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "ssu"
  "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:504-10"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:2 [
    "total" => 3367
    "formatos" => array:3 [
      "EPUB" => 62
      "HTML" => 2446
      "PDF" => 859
    ]
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S0213485311003094"
      "issn" => "02134853"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2011.08.003"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01"
      "aid" => "279"
      "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 0
      "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "ssu"
      "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:504-10"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 13493
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 87
          "HTML" => 11849
          "PDF" => 1557
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:12 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Revisi&#243;n</span>"
        "titulo" => "Neuropsicolog&#237;a y anorexia nerviosa&#46; Hallazgos cognitivos y radiol&#243;gicos"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "504"
            "paginaFinal" => "510"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa&#46; Cognitive and radiological findings"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Oltra Cucarella, R&#46; Espert Tortajada, L&#46; Rojo Moreno"
            "autores" => array:3 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "J&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Oltra Cucarella"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "R&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Espert Tortajada"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Rojo Moreno"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173580812001666"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.003"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => false
            "ES2" => false
            "LATM" => false
          ]
          "gratuito" => false
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001666?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485311003094?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02134853/0000002700000008/v1_201305151158/S0213485311003094/v1_201305151158/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2173580812001691"
    "issn" => "21735808"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.10.008"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01"
    "aid" => "306"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "simple-article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "cor"
    "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:511-3"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 3891
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 86
        "HTML" => 3042
        "PDF" => 763
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:10 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Letter to the Editor</span>"
      "titulo" => "Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome as first presentation of non-Hodgkin lymphoma"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "511"
          "paginaFinal" => "513"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "S&#237;ndrome de Guillain-Barr&#233; como forma de presentaci&#243;n de un linfoma no Hodgkin"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "F&#46;J&#46; Polo-Romero, P&#46; S&#225;nchez-Beteta, P&#46; Perona-Buend&#237;a, A&#46;M&#46; P&#233;rez-Garc&#237;a"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "F&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Polo-Romero"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "S&#225;nchez-Beteta"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Perona-Buend&#237;a"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez-Garc&#237;a"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0213485311004397"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2011.10.009"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485311004397?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001691?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001691/v1_201305151344/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2173580812001654"
    "issn" => "21735808"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2012-10-01"
    "aid" => "276"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 0
    "licencia" => "http://www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "ssu"
    "cita" => "Neurologia. 2012;27:500-3"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:2 [
      "total" => 2325
      "formatos" => array:3 [
        "EPUB" => 55
        "HTML" => 1632
        "PDF" => 638
      ]
    ]
    "en" => array:12 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Central neuropathic pain in Parkinson&#39;s disease"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "500"
          "paginaFinal" => "503"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Dolor neurop&#225;tico central en enfermedad de Parkinson"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "C&#46;B&#46; Moreno, N&#46; Hern&#225;ndez-Beltr&#225;n, D&#46; Mun&#233;var, A&#46;M&#46; Guti&#233;rrez-Alvarez"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "C&#46;B&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Moreno"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "N&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Hern&#225;ndez-Beltr&#225;n"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "D&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mun&#233;var"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Guti&#233;rrez-Alvarez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0213485311003069"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2011.08.001"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485311003069?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001654?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001654/v1_201305151344/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:19 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Review article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Neuropsychology and anorexia nervosa&#46; Cognitive and radiological findings"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "504"
        "paginaFinal" => "510"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "J&#46; Oltra Cucarella, R&#46; Espert Tortajada, L&#46; Rojo Moreno"
        "autores" => array:3 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "J&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Oltra Cucarella"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "javi&#46;oltra&#64;cop&#46;es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">¿</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "R&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Espert Tortajada"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Rojo Moreno"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:3 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Unidad de Neuropsicolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario de Valencia&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Servicio de Neuropsicolog&#237;a&#44; Hospital Cl&#237;nico Universitario&#44; Valencia&#44; Departamento de Psicobiolog&#237;a&#44; Universidad de Valencia&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Secci&#243;n de Psiquiatr&#237;a Infanto Juvenil y de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria&#44; Hospital Universitari y Polit&#232;cnic La Fe&#44; Departamento de Medicina&#44; Universidad de Valencia&#44; CIBER Epidemiolog&#237;a y Salud P&#250;blica &#40;CIBERESP&#41;&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Neuropsicolog&#237;a y anorexia nerviosa&#46; Hallazgos cognitivos y radiol&#243;gicos"
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Beginning in the early 1980s and throughout more than a decade&#44; multidisciplinary teams studied cognitive impairments in patients diagnosed with eating disorders &#40;EDs&#41; in order to gain a better understanding of the consequences of typical food-related behaviours in patients with either anorexia nervosa &#40;AN&#41; &#40;both the restrictive and purgative forms&#41;&#44; or bulimia nervosa &#40;binge-eating disorders&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;6</span></a></p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the 1990s and after turn of the 21st century&#44; these studies have advanced considerably and saw the rise of research groups which added to the available body of knowledge&#44; refined research&#44; and created neuropsychological&#44; neurobiological&#44; functional and metabolic models to explain the aetiopathogenesis of EDs&#46; Researchers from the fields of neurology&#44; molecular biology&#44; and radiology<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#8211;27</span></a> improved the methodology and incorporated medical technology capable of providing empirical data to the study of the cognitive functions&#46; With the aim of analysing the changes that typify these patients&#44; researchers have performed neuroimaging tests such as a positron emission tomography &#40;PET&#41;&#44; single-photon emission computed tomography &#40;SPECT&#41;&#44; and even functional magnetic resonance imaging &#40;fMRI&#41;&#46; These scans measure cognitive processes and show which cerebral areas have functional impairments in this population&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The objective of this study is to provide an updated review of findings from the study of cognitive impairments in AN as of November 2010&#44; including radiological findings&#46; This article gives an overview of the results from different fields of science responsible for studying brain function without focusing on any single aspect of the manifestations of this disorder&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> To this end&#44; we performed a literature search using the PubMed&#44; ScienceDirect&#44; MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases&#44; using terms related to our topic&#44; such as &#8216;anorexia nervosa&#8217;&#44; &#8216;neuropsychology of eating disorders&#8217;&#44; &#8216;mental flexibility in eating disorders&#8217; or &#8216;cerebral function and structure in anorexia nervosa&#8217;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Analysis</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AN is characterised by relentless insistence on thinness and an excessive refusal to maintain body weight within normal limits&#44; according to the person&#39;s age and body type&#46; It is also accompanied by intense fear of gaining weight or becoming obese&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> The main numerical criterion for establishing a diagnosis of ED is weight under 85&#37; of that recommended for the subject based on age and height&#46; Patients affected by this disorder have distorted perceptions of their image and body size and also estimate their weight and size erroneously&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another fundamental criterion for diagnosing ED is the presence of amenorrhoea in postmenarcheal females&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The DSM-IV-TR recognises 2 clinical subtypes of anorexia&#58; restrictive and the purgative AN&#46; Patients with the first subtype aim to reach the desired weight by drastically restricting ingestion of food&#44; strictly controlling the types of food they eat&#44; and limiting calorie intake&#46; They also engage in excessive physical exercise&#46; Patients in the purgative subtype do not restrict food intake as much&#46; They attempt to lose weight by using purgative techniques such as vomiting or laxative abuse&#46; Less than half of all patients recover completely and a third of them only experience partial remission &#40;they continue to suffer with at least 1 of the symptoms of the eating disorder&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29&#8211;33</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to a large body of evidence in the literature&#44; the function of the central nervous system &#40;CNS&#41; undergoes changes in patients with AN compared to control subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35</span></a> For that reason&#44; functional changes in the CNS in these patients have been researched exhaustively and from within different theoretical frameworks in order to understand the onset and course of the disorder&#44; continuation&#44; and prior dysfunctions that may trigger it&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;3&#8211;5&#44;7&#44;9&#44;10&#44;13&#44;14&#44;16&#44;18&#44;24&#44;25&#44;27&#44;36&#8211;40</span></a> Researchers have found huge variations when measuring patients&#8217; neuropsychological abilities&#44; such as attention &#40;and its different currently accepted subtypes&#41;&#44; working memory&#44; long-term learning&#44; autobiographical memory&#44; processing speed&#44; psychomotor speed&#44; behaviour planning&#44; impulsiveness&#44; problem solving&#44; haptic skills&#44; skin conductance&#44; and information processing&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Neuropsychological findings</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At present&#44; the onset of cognitive impairments in patients with AN is a controversial subject&#46; Some authors state that cognitive deficits occur in specific cerebral regions or result from a decrease in either the total cerebral metabolic rate&#44; in blood perfusion&#44; or in the normal function of certain neurotransmitters&#46; Other studies expanded the debate on the scope of cerebral dysfunction by providing data suggesting that 1 cerebral hemisphere was more affected than the other&#44; and researchers completed in-depth analyses of cognitive capacities that are thought to be specific to concrete areas of each cerebral hemisphere&#46;</p><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Initial theories</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1984&#44; Kinsbourne and Bemporad<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> hypothesised that there was evidence of dysfunction in the right hemispheres of adolescent female AN patients&#44; especially in the parietal cortex&#46; They concluded that this dysfunction might be related to the girls&#8217; erroneous perception of their own bodies &#40;which they called &#8216;distorted body image&#8217;&#41;&#46; Based on this premise&#44; researchers began carrying out studies on abilities thought to be localised in the right hemisphere&#46; Pendleton-Jones&#44; Duncan&#44; Bradley and Rovet all researched AN&#44; and their results varied considerably&#46; While there seemed to be differences in evoked potentials related to a specific cognitive-perceptual event&#44; other researchers found no differences between anorexic patients and control subjects on cognitive tasks intended to measure performance by the right hemisphere&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">At a later date&#44; Laessle&#44; Pendleton-Jones&#44; Small&#44; Madero and Szmukler found abnormalities in perceptive tasks which could not be explained by impairments in the right hemisphere alone&#46;</p><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1996&#44; Kingston et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a> found that visuospatial capacities and short-term memory were deficient in both the acute phase of AN and the period following weight gain&#46; This contradicted findings from neuroimaging tests that showed recovery following weight gain&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 1999&#44; after 12 sessions of surgery&#44; Lauer et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> found abnormalities in attention-related tasks&#44; but not in memory and problem-solving tasks&#46; Similar results have been observed in other studies&#44; such as those carried out by Touyz et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Laessle et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Pendleton-Jones et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> and Szmukler et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2001&#44; in a study of haptic perception in patients with AN and control subjects&#44; Grunwald et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a> found changes in perceptual processing and somatosensory integration&#44; as well as in short-term memory and selective attention&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">New theories</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Since the turn of the 21st century&#44; studies about abnormalities in adolescents with ED have become focused on neural networks research and the most typical neuropsychological profiles of patients diagnosed with AN&#46; In 2003&#44; Halmi et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a> suggested that AN could be a form of obsessive&#8211;compulsive disorder &#40;OCD&#41;&#46; Since that time&#44; research groups have focused on evaluating the differences between young anorexic girls and healthy subjects by performing tasks related to executive functions&#46; Their studies therefore revolve around the problem solving process&#44; cognitive flexibility&#44; changes in criteria&#44; and types of information processing&#46;</p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2004&#44; Cavedini et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a> found that during the acute phase of the disorder the sample of patients with AN delivered abnormal results on the IGT &#40;Iowa Gambling Task&#41;&#44; but not on other cognitive tests&#46; They concluded that impaired decision-making is not merely a non-specific example of the negative effects of malnutrition&#44; but rather that neither nutritional state&#44; severity of the symptoms&#44; general cognitive impairment&#44; nor the mood disorders found in other studies of AN patients is responsible for abnormal performance on the IGT&#44; as there was no relationship between execution of the task and the variables listed above&#46; These impairments were specific to the frontal dysfunctions commonly found in patients with AN and observed using neuroimaging techniques&#46;</p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This resulted in a new hypothesis and line of research supported by a number of other authors&#46; It stated that general abnormalities in decision-making&#44; cognitive flexibility&#44; criteria&#44; or information processing styles were probably not a direct consequence of malnutrition or an indirect result of cerebral morphological impairments&#44; but rather premorbid symptoms of a tendency towards AN&#46; This tendency could then worsen upon the appearance of the different biological &#40;biochemical&#44; morphological&#44; functional&#44; and endocrine&#41; consequences typically found in anorexia-type eating disorders&#46; Although other authors have found results that contradict Cavedini&#39;s&#44; their samples differed in the areas of symptom severity or control over emotional variables&#44; and those differences may have influenced results&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a></p><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2004&#44; Tchanturia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a> researched cognitive flexibility in patients with AN and found 4 specific factors&#58; simple alternation&#44; mental flexibility&#44; perseveration&#44; and perceptual shift&#46; Patients with AN performed more poorly than control subjects on simple alternation and perceptual shift tasks&#46; An interesting fact about that study is that researchers checked for variations in scores between the 2 AN subgroups &#40;restrictive and purgative&#41; and found no significant differences&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2006&#44; Steinglass et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0190"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a> found cognitive flexibility problems in patients with AN&#44; although other cognitive functions were normal&#46; More specifically&#44; AN patients experienced difficulty with set shifting tasks and were less able to adapt to changes in rules&#46; These authors concluded that the presence of cognitive problems in subjects of normal weight and without attention deficit disorder suggests that neuropsychological disorders which are not attributable to low weight alone may be present in AN&#46; This supports the hypothesis that abnormalities may exist prior to onset of the disorder rather than merely resulting from it&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2007&#44; Tchanturia et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0185"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a> demonstrated that AN patient scores on the IGT did not improve over time&#46; This study&#44; which used skin conductance measures&#44; concluded that according to the somatic marker hypothesis&#44; deficient decision-making ability could be due to lack of sensitivity and&#47;or failure to generate peripheral alarm responses&#46;</p><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2008&#44; the same authors<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> used the Haptic Illusion Task which revealed abnormal results for a task involving estimating the weight of different balls&#46; They concluded that these results could have to do with changes in the right parietal cortex and&#47;or the prefrontal cortex&#46;</p><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to Jacobi et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0225"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">45</span></a> there are links between deficiencies in criteria-changing ability and cognitive flexibility in AN<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46&#44;47</span></a> and obsessive-compulsive personality traits &#40;preoccupation with details&#44; lists and order&#59; perfectionism&#59; inflexible and rigid mind-set&#41;&#44; all of which are significant predisposing factors in the complex aetiology of AN&#46; Following those observations&#44; Southgate et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44</span></a> carried out a study that measured how AN patients performed on a test that distinguishes between different information processing styles&#46; In line with prior studies demonstrating that anorexic patients performed better on tasks requiring local information processing &#40;e&#46;g&#46; the Embedded Figures Test&#41; than on tasks requiring more global processing &#40;e&#46;g&#46; puzzles&#44; Rey-Osterrieth complex figure test&#44; Bender-Gestalt test&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;48&#44;49</span></a> these researchers used the Matching Familiar Figures Test &#40;MFFT&#41;&#46; The test revealed that AN patients performed better on a task consisting of presenting six possible options and asking the subject to find the only figure identical to the model&#46; Patients with AN answered more rapidly and precisely than control subjects&#46; The authors concluded that their good performance on this task reflects weak central coherence&#44; that is&#44; a bias towards processing details rather than the Gestalt or whole view of the image&#46; As they did not find an association between the variables and body mass index &#40;BMI&#41;&#44; the authors suggested that data could not be said to result from the subject&#39;s physical condition&#46; In fact&#44; the good performances by subjects with AN and low body weight were revealing&#44; since food deprivation and dieting have been associated with cognitive deficits&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9&#44;50</span></a></p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In 2008&#44; Chui et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> found abnormal results in neuropsychological tests performed on AN patients compared to healthy subjects&#44; even 6 years after diagnosis and with a mean BMI of 21&#46;8&#46; They detected impairments in verbal abilities&#44; cognitive efficiency&#44; reading&#44; mathematics&#44; and long-term verbal memory&#46; For the first time&#44; this study compared patients with and without amenorrhoea and found that patients with amenorrhoea or irregular menstruation did not present significantly higher levels of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles or in their temporal horns&#46; However&#44; they scored significantly lower than control subjects in the areas of verbal ability&#44; cognitive efficiency&#44; oral language&#44; mathematics&#44; reading&#44; and long-term memory&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Neuroimaging findings</span><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The different studies including neuroradiological tests have revealed data indicative of functional changes in large regions of the brain &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; frontal cortex&#44; parietal cortex&#41;&#44; and specific cerebral areas &#40;e&#46;g&#46;&#44; caudate nucleus&#44; thalamus&#44; lateral inferior frontal cortex&#41; in patients with acute ED compared to control subjects&#44; subjects with other psychiatric disorders&#44; or subjects diagnosed with AN who meet specific criteria for being considered in recovery or remission&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Positron emission tomography</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The first studies with PET and SPECT presented significant methodological flaws such as very small sample size and control groups containing only males or very elderly subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51&#8211;57</span></a> As a result&#44; conclusions from these studies cannot be compared with those from other studies in young female populations&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">According to functional neuroimaging studies in patients with AN&#44; the parietal cortex &#40;PC&#41; is the area of the brain most affected by the disorder&#46; Parietal activity decreases prior to treatment and weight gain&#44; and it increases after treatment&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8&#44;58&#8211;60</span></a></p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Some authors observed decreased perfusion and metabolism in the superior frontal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex &#40;PET&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">8</span></a> in patients with very low body weight&#44; which seemed to revert after weight gain&#46; At the same time&#44; they discovered increases in metabolism in the caudate nucleus and lateral inferior frontal cortex&#44; thalamus and putamen&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">58&#8211;60</span></a> which persisted after weight gain&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Single-photon emission computed tomography</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Whereas some authors observed that patients with very low body weights presented decreased perfusion and metabolism in frontal regions &#40;SPECT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a> that seem to revert after weight gain&#44; other authors found such decreases in the orbitofrontal &#40;SPECT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a> and right prefrontal dorsolateral cortex &#40;SPECT&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">61</span></a> after weight gain&#44; which contradicts prior findings&#46; The fact that these abnormalities do not revert after weight gain shows that rather than being caused by malnutrition&#44; they underlie the disorder&#46;</p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lesions and dysfunctions of the right hemisphere seem either to play a more important role in the onset of the disorder or else show increased susceptibility to the consequences resulting from malnutrition and the typical behaviours of subjects with AN&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;38</span></a> Nevertheless&#44; this is a very controversial topic given that lateralisation of this cerebral pathology has not been demonstrated by all the studies&#44; as most of them focus on assessing concrete areas of the brain&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Functional magnetic resonance imaging</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In a study of how AN patients process images of themselves and of other people&#44; Sachdev&#39;s group<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0180"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a> found differences in the activation of the medial frontal gyrus&#44; precuneus&#44; and occipital regions of acute-phase AN patients compared to a control group&#46; In studies comparing satiated or hungry patients with control subjects&#44; researchers observed that satiated patients presented less PC activity &#40;Brodmann area &#91;BA&#93;40&#41; than control subjects during a challenge test with food drawings&#46; Nevertheless&#44; when patients were hungry&#44; activity in the primary area and the associative area of the occipital cortex &#40;BA 17 and 18&#41; was lower than in control subjects&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">62</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In addition&#44; researchers have also found changes in cerebral activation in the anterior cingulate gyrus and the left insula&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0315"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">63</span></a> Data gathered from patients in long-term recovery showed hyperactivity in the medial prefrontal cortex &#40;BA 8&#44; 9&#44; 10&#44; and 32&#41; and the cerebellum&#44; as well as hypoactivity in the PC &#40;BA 7 and 40&#41; and occipital cortex &#40;BA 18&#41;&#46; Moreover&#44; other researchers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0320"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">64</span></a> found that in the presence of symptom-inducing stimuli&#44; activity in the insula&#44; anterior cingulate cortex&#44; and ventral and dorsal striatum was significantly decreased in recovered AN patients compared to control subjects&#46;</p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The ventromedial prefrontal cortex is linked to rewarding stimuli&#44; such as good tastes or smells&#44; while the ventrolateral frontal cortex assesses punitive stimuli and whether or not behaviour should be changed&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0325"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">65</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">With the help of studies offering structural images of the brain and others using computed tomography scans&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0270"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">54&#44;55&#44;66&#44;67</span></a> researchers have reached a consensus regarding the decrease in cerebral volume and the dilation of the cerebral ventricles&#44; with an increase in cerebrospinal fluid volume &#40;CSF&#41;&#46; These changes seem to revert&#44; at least partially&#44; after weight gain&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Discussion</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Studies on the neuropsychological abilities of AN patients have revealed the wide variety of deficits that may appear in this disorder&#46; As studies multiply&#44; theories develop&#44; assessment techniques improve&#44; and knowledge increases&#44; researchers are beginning to assess the disorder from another angle&#46; While conclusions from earlier studies stated that AN patients showed reversible morphological changes and overall neuropsychological impairments that significantly impacted information processing speed&#44; attention capacities&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#8211;7</span></a> and verbal memory&#44; we now observe that these changes are predisposing factors for the disorder rather than results of its effect&#46; Researchers have changed approaches and now concentrate more on studying neuropsychological abilities specific to the right hemisphere and prefrontal cortex&#44; according to theories by Halmi et al&#46;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">59</span></a> and the links between AN and OCD&#46; This new angle is supported by neuroimaging findings that show specific alterations in the frontal areas and the neuropsychological abilities localised there&#58; cognitive flexibility&#44; impulsiveness&#44; problem solving&#44; perseveration&#44; and change of criteria&#46; Researchers also point to the detail-oriented information processing style which&#44; along with changes in the parietal and the occipital cortex&#44; could explain patients&#8217; behaviour when confronted with food-related variables&#44; causing such changes to be identified as predisposing factors rather than results of the malnutrition that characterises AN patients&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14&#8211;16&#44;18&#44;19&#44;22&#44;24&#8211;27&#44;68</span></a></p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There is still considerable work to be done with regard to analysing neuropsychological changes in patients diagnosed with AN&#46; This is particularly true in Spain&#44; where only a few groups<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">69</span></a> have studied this disorder in a systematic and exhaustive way&#46; As our field of knowledge on the subject increases&#44; we will be able to provide better care&#44; and with the help of neuropsychological treatment&#44; the percentage of remissions and recoveries may increase&#46; Over the years&#44; clinical neuropsychology has evolved to constitute a basic tool for the identification&#44; prevention&#44; and management of eating disorders&#46; It acts as a complement to classic clinical psychology and neuroimaging tests by allowing early identification of typical symptoms of AN in these patients&#46; As a result&#44; doctors can take action in the initial stages of the disorder in order to prevent patients&#8217; body weights from reaching unhealthy levels&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:10 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres170068"
          "titulo" => array:4 [
            0 => "Abstract"
            1 => "Introduction"
            2 => "Development"
            3 => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158138"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xres170069"
          "titulo" => array:4 [
            0 => "Resumen"
            1 => "Introducci&#243;n"
            2 => "Desarrollo"
            3 => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158137"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Analysis"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Neuropsychological findings"
              "secciones" => array:2 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0020"
                  "titulo" => "Initial theories"
                ]
                1 => array:2 [
                  "identificador" => "sec0025"
                  "titulo" => "New theories"
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Neuroimaging findings"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Positron emission tomography"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Single-photon emission computed tomography"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Functional magnetic resonance imaging"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack44769"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgement"
        ]
        9 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2011-05-20"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2011-08-26"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158138"
          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "Anorexia nervosa"
            1 => "Cerebral changes"
            2 => "Cognitive impairment"
            3 => "Frontal cortex"
            4 => "Neuropsychology"
            5 => "Neuropsychological network"
            6 => "Parietal cortex"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec158137"
          "palabras" => array:7 [
            0 => "Alteraciones cognitivas"
            1 => "Anorexia nerviosa"
            2 => "Cambios cerebrales"
            3 => "C&#243;rtex frontal"
            4 => "C&#243;rtex parietal"
            5 => "Neuropsicolog&#237;a"
            6 => "Red neuropsicol&#243;gica"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introduction</span><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Research into neuropsychological impairments present in the patients suffering from anorexia nervosa &#40;AN&#41; has advanced considerably&#44; in the past decades&#46; It now provides neuropsychologists with a wide field of knowledge of the changes found in the cerebral and cognitive capabilities of these patients&#44; as well as their reversible or static features&#44; thereby yielding a characteristic profile of neuropsychological impairment in AN&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Development</span><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">We present a review updated to December 2010 of the results delivered by studies of both morphological and cognitive changes&#44; providing us with an updated theoretical and practical framework for conducting future research&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The studies to date show morphological and functional cerebral changes in the patients diagnosed with AN&#44; but have yet to clarify whether these changes occur after the onset of the disease or if&#44; as more recent research shows&#44; they are one of its causes and could be the basis for a tendency towards developing anorexic symptomatology&#46; Later studies show a neuropsychological network with impairments in the prefrontal and right parietal cortices as a characteristic feature&#44; meaning that those capacities and their related cerebral areas would play major role in the onset and development of the illness&#46; These studies have completely changed classic theories about AN&#46;</p>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Introducci&#243;n</span><p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">El estudio de las alteraciones neuropsicol&#243;gicas halladas en pacientes diagnosticadas de anorexia nerviosa &#40;AN&#41; ha experimentado&#44; a trav&#233;s de las &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas&#44; un espectacular avance proporcionando un amplio campo de conocimientos acerca de los cambios observados en la morfolog&#237;a cerebral y las capacidades cognitivas&#44; as&#237; como de la reversibilidad o estabilidad de estos&#44; conformando un perfil de alteraci&#243;n neuropsicol&#243;gico caracter&#237;stico de este trastorno de la conducta alimentaria&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Desarrollo</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se presenta una revisi&#243;n actualizada hasta diciembre de 2010 de los resultados obtenidos en la literatura acerca de las alteraciones&#44; tanto de la morfolog&#237;a cerebral como de las capacidades neuropsicol&#243;gicas&#44; aportando un marco actualizado de comprensi&#243;n e intervenci&#243;n para futuras investigaciones&#46;</p> <span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Las conclusiones de los estudios realizados hasta la fecha muestran cambios cerebrales a nivel estructural y funcional en pacientes diagnosticadas de AN sugiriendo&#44; en contra de las teor&#237;as iniciales&#44; que no se producen de manera posterior al comienzo de la enfermedad&#44; sino que est&#225;n a la base del desarrollo del trastorno y suponen una predisposici&#243;n para desarrollar sintomatolog&#237;a anor&#233;xica&#46; Asimismo&#44; los estudios m&#225;s recientes parecen mostrar una red neuropsicol&#243;gica caracter&#237;stica en la AN&#44; que implicar&#237;a alteraciones predominantemente de las habilidades del c&#243;rtex prefrontal&#44; en l&#237;nea con el trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo&#44; y del c&#243;rtex parietal derecho&#44; otorg&#225;ndole un papel fundamental para la comprensi&#243;n de la aparici&#243;n y el desarrollo de las alteraciones neuropsicol&#243;gicas en pacientes AN a las capacidades neuropsicol&#243;gicas relacionadas con las &#225;reas cerebrales alteradas&#44; y que modifican por completo las teor&#237;as cl&#225;sicas acerca de la AN&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#9734;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara">Please cite this article as&#58; Oltra Cucarella J&#44; et al&#46; Neuropsicolog&#237;a y anorexia nerviosa&#46; Hallazgos cognitivos y radiol&#243;gicos&#46; Neurolog&#237;a&#46; 2012&#59;27&#58;504&#8211;10&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:69 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prediction of outcome in anorexia nervosa from neuropsychological status"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46;S&#46; Hamsher"
                            1 => "K&#46;A&#46; Halmi"
                            2 => "A&#46;L&#46; Benton"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "1981"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "79"
                        "paginaFinal" => "88"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6939002"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuropsychological correlates of dieting disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "S&#46;W&#46; Touyz"
                            1 => "P&#46;J&#46;V&#46; Beumont"
                            2 => "L&#46;C&#46; Johnstone"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord"
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1025"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1034"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cerebral atrophy and vigilance performance in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "R&#46;G&#46; Laessle"
                            1 => "J&#46;C&#46; Krieg"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Fichter"
                            3 => "K&#46;M&#46; Pirke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "118575"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychobiology"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "187"
                        "paginaFinal" => "191"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2630934"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognition in eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "B&#46; Pendleton-Jones"
                            1 => "C&#46;C&#46; Duncan"
                            2 => "P&#46; Brouwers"
                            3 => "A&#46; Mirsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/01688639108401085"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "711"
                        "paginaFinal" => "728"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1955527"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuropsychological impairment in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46;I&#46; Szmukler"
                            1 => "D&#46; Andrewes"
                            2 => "K&#46; Kingston"
                            3 => "L&#46; Chen"
                            4 => "R&#46;S&#46; Stargatt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/01688639208402834"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "1992"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "347"
                        "paginaFinal" => "352"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1572954"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Intellect&#44; perceptual characteristics and weight gain in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Small"
                            1 => "J&#46; Madero"
                            2 => "L&#46; Teagno"
                            3 => "M&#46; Ebert"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Psychol"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "780"
                        "paginaFinal" => "782"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6630557"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuropsychological and structural brain changes in anorexia nervosa before and after refeeding"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Kingston"
                            1 => "G&#46; Szmukler"
                            2 => "D&#46; Andrewes"
                            3 => "B&#46; Tress"
                            4 => "P&#46; Desmond"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "521"
                        "paginaFinal" => "527"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2236361"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain hypometabolism of glucose in anorexia nervosa&#58; normalization after weight gain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Delvenne"
                            1 => "S&#46; Goldman"
                            2 => "V&#46; De Maertelaer"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Simon"
                            4 => "A&#46; Luxen"
                            5 => "F&#46; Lotstra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/0006-3223(95)00522-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "761"
                        "paginaFinal" => "768"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8894069"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impaired colour-naming of clinically salient words as a measure of recovery in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Green"
                            1 => "A&#46; Wakeling"
                            2 => "N&#46;A&#46; Elliman"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; Rogers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Behav Ther"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "62"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuropsychological assessments before and after treatment in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "C&#46;J&#46; Lauer"
                            1 => "B&#46; Gorzewski"
                            2 => "M&#46; Gerlinghoff"
                            3 => "H&#46; Backmund"
                            4 => "J&#46; Zihl"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "129"
                        "paginaFinal" => "138"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10221745"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Deficits in haptic perception and right parietal theta power changes in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Grunwald"
                            1 => "C&#46; Ettrich"
                            2 => "B&#46; Assmann"
                            3 => "A&#46; Dahne"
                            4 => "W&#46; Krause"
                            5 => "F&#46; Busse"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "417"
                        "paginaFinal" => "428"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11285579"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Regional cerebral blood flow in weight-restored anorexia nervosa&#58; a preliminary study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Rastam"
                            1 => "J&#46; Bjure"
                            2 => "E&#46; Vestergren"
                            3 => "P&#46; Uvebrant"
                            4 => "I&#46;C&#46; Gillber"
                            5 => "E&#46; Wetnz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dev Med Child Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "239"
                        "paginaFinal" => "242"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11305400"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0300893211006002"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "03008932"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain structure and function in adolescents with anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "N&#46;C&#46; Kerem"
                            1 => "D&#46;K&#46; Katzman"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Adolesc Med State Art Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "109"
                        "paginaFinal" => "118"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive flexibility in anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Tchanturia"
                            1 => "M&#46;B&#46; Anderluh"
                            2 => "R&#46;G&#46; Morris"
                            3 => "S&#46; Rabe-Hesketh"
                            4 => "D&#46;A&#46; Collier"
                            5 => "P&#46; Sanchez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617704104086"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "513"
                        "paginaFinal" => "520"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15327730"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuropsychology of eating disorders&#58; a systematic review of the literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Duchesne"
                            1 => "P&#46; Mattos"
                            2 => "L&#46;F&#46; Fontenelle"
                            3 => "H&#46; Veiga"
                            4 => "L&#46; Rizod"
                            5 => "J&#46;C&#46; Appolinario"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "/S1516-44462004000200008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Bras Psiquiatr"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "26"
                        "paginaInicial" => "107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "117"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15517062"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuropsychological investigation of decision-making in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Cavedini"
                            1 => "T&#46; Bassi"
                            2 => "A&#46; Ubbiali"
                            3 => "A&#46; Casolari"
                            4 => "S&#46; Giordani"
                            5 => "C&#46; Zorzi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.psychres.2004.03.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "127"
                        "paginaInicial" => "259"
                        "paginaFinal" => "266"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15296825"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Anorexia nervosa remission following left thalamic stroke"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Dusoir"
                            1 => "C&#46; Owens"
                            2 => "R&#46;B&#46; Forbes"
                            3 => "J&#46;I&#46; Morrow"
                            4 => "P&#46;A&#46; Flynn"
                            5 => "M&#46;O&#46; McCarron"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/jnnp.2004.041459"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "144"
                        "paginaFinal" => "145"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15608021"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain lesions and eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Uher"
                            1 => "J&#46; Treasure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1136/jnnp.2004.048819"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "852"
                        "paginaFinal" => "857"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15897510"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Selective working memory deficits in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Kemps"
                            1 => "M&#46; Tiggemann"
                            2 => "T&#46; Wade"
                            3 => "D&#46; Ben-Tovim"
                            4 => "R&#46; Breyer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur Eat Disord Rev"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "97"
                        "paginaFinal" => "103"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hippocampal volume and cognitive function in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Connan"
                            1 => "F&#46; Murphy"
                            2 => "S&#46; Connor"
                            3 => "P&#46; Rich"
                            4 => "T&#46; Murphy"
                            5 => "N&#46; Bara-Carill"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.10.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "146"
                        "paginaInicial" => "117"
                        "paginaFinal" => "125"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16510268"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Autobiographical memory deficit in anorexia nervosa&#58; emotion regulation and effect of duration of illness"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;L&#46; Nandrino"
                            1 => "K&#46; Doba"
                            2 => "A&#46; Lesnef"
                            3 => "V&#46; Christophe"
                            4 => "L&#46; Pezard"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychores.2006.02.008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Psychosom Res"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "61"
                        "paginaInicial" => "537"
                        "paginaFinal" => "543"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17011363"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Profile of neurocognitive impairments associated with female in-patients with anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Fowler"
                            1 => "A&#46; Blackwell"
                            2 => "A&#46; Jaffa"
                            3 => "R&#46; Palmer"
                            4 => "T&#46;W&#46; Robbins"
                            5 => "B&#46;J&#46; Sahakian"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S0033291705006379"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "517"
                        "paginaFinal" => "527"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16318655"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive and executive functions in anorexia nervosa ten years after onset of eating disorder"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46;C&#46; Gillberg"
                            1 => "M&#46; R&#229;stam"
                            2 => "E&#46; Wentz"
                            3 => "Ch Gillberg"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/13803390600584632"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "170"
                        "paginaFinal" => "178"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17365252"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Stability of neuropsychological performance in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;E&#46; Mikos"
                            1 => "B&#46;D&#46; McDowell"
                            2 => "D&#46;J&#46; Moser"
                            3 => "J&#46;D&#46; Bayless"
                            4 => "W&#46;A&#46; Bowers"
                            5 => "A&#46;E&#46; Andersen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/10401230701844836"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ann Clin Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "20"
                        "paginaInicial" => "9"
                        "paginaFinal" => "13"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18297581"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0190962210003609"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01909622"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Central coherence in eating disorders&#58; a systematic review"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Lopez"
                            1 => "K&#46; Tchanturia"
                            2 => "D&#46; Stahl"
                            3 => "J&#46; Treasure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "38"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1404"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1993"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive function and brain structure in females with a history of adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "H&#46;T&#46; Chui"
                            1 => "B&#46;K&#46; Christensen"
                            2 => "R&#46;B&#46; Zipursky"
                            3 => "B&#46;A&#46; Richards"
                            4 => "M&#46;K&#46; Hanratty"
                            5 => "N&#46;J&#46; Kabani"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pediatrics"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "122"
                        "paginaInicial" => "426"
                        "paginaFinal" => "437"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Towards a neurocircuitry in anorexia norvosa&#58; evidence from functional neuroimaging studies"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Van Kuyck"
                            1 => "N&#46; G&#233;rard"
                            2 => "K&#46; Van Laere"
                            3 => "C&#46; Casteels"
                            4 => "G&#46; Pieters"
                            5 => "L&#46; Gabri&#235;ls"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2009.04.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "43"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1133"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1145"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19442986"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Manual diagn&#243;stico y estad&#237;stico de los trastornos mentales&#46; Texto Revisado&#46; DSM-IV-TR"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "American Psychiatric Association"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "editorial" => "Masson"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Barcelona"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The outcome of anorexia nervosa in the 20th century"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "H&#46;C&#46; Steinhausen"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1176/appi.ajp.159.8.1284"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "159"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1284"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1293"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12153817"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Winkler Metzke C&#46; A transcultural outcome study of adolescent eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46;C&#46; Steinhausen"
                            1 => "S&#46; Boyadjieva"
                            2 => "M&#46; Grigoroiu-Serbanescu"
                            3 => "R&#46; Seidel"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Acta Psychiatr Scand"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "101"
                        "paginaInicial" => "60"
                        "paginaFinal" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10674951"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The long-term course of severe anorexia nervosa in adolescents&#58; survival analysis of recovery&#44; relapse&#44; and outcome predictors over 10&#8211;15 years in a prospective study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Strober"
                            1 => "R&#46; Freeman"
                            2 => "W&#46; Morrell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "339"
                        "paginaFinal" => "360"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9356884"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Mortality in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "P&#46;F&#46; Sullivan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1176/ajp.152.7.1073"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "152"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1073"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1074"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7793446"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "B&#46;T&#46; Walsh"
                            1 => "D&#46;A&#46; Klein"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/0954026031000136839"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Rev Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "205"
                        "paginaFinal" => "216"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15276960"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuroimaging studies in eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "G&#46;K&#46; Frank"
                            1 => "U&#46;F&#46; Bailer"
                            2 => "S&#46; Henry"
                            3 => "A&#46; Wagner"
                            4 => "W&#46;H&#46; Kaye"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "CNS Spectr"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "539"
                        "paginaFinal" => "548"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15208513"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neuroimaging in eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46;A&#46; Stamatakis"
                            1 => "M&#46;M&#46; Hetherington"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/10284150310001640338"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nutr Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "6"
                        "paginaInicial" => "325"
                        "paginaFinal" => "334"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14744036"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brains of anorexia nervosa patients process self-images differently from non-self-images&#58; an fMRI study"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Sachdev"
                            1 => "N&#46; Mondraty"
                            2 => "W&#46; Wen"
                            3 => "K&#46; Gulliford"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.02.031"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychologia"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "46"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2161"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2168"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18406432"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An investigation of decision making in anorexia nervosa using the Iowa Gambling Task and skin conductance measurement"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Tchanturia"
                            1 => "P&#46; Liao"
                            2 => "R&#46; Uher"
                            3 => "N&#46; Lawrence"
                            4 => "J&#46; Treasure"
                            5 => "L&#46;C&#46; Campbell"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617707070026"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "7"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17166298"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Set shifting deficit in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "J&#46;E&#46; Steinglass"
                            1 => "B&#46;T&#46; Walsh"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Stern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "12"
                        "paginaInicial" => "431"
                        "paginaFinal" => "435"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16903136"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Altered 5-HT&#40;2A&#41; receptor binding after recovery from bulimia-type anorexia nervosa&#58; relationships to harm avoidance and drive for thinness"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "U&#46;F&#46; Bailer"
                            1 => "J&#46;C&#46; Price"
                            2 => "C&#46;C&#46; Meltzer"
                            3 => "C&#46;A&#46; Mathis"
                            4 => "G&#46;K&#46; Frank"
                            5 => "L&#46; Weissfeld"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sj.npp.1300430"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychopharmacology"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1155"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15054474"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reduced 5-HT2A receptor binding after recovery from anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "G&#46;K&#46; Frank"
                            1 => "W&#46;H&#46; Kaye"
                            2 => "C&#46;C&#46; Meltzer"
                            3 => "J&#46;C&#46; Price"
                            4 => "P&#46; Greer"
                            5 => "C&#46; McConaha"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "896"
                        "paginaFinal" => "906"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12399143"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Lateralization of emotion&#58; a model and the evidence"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Kinsbourne"
                            1 => "J&#46;R&#46; Bemporad"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "The psychobiology of affective development"
                        "paginaInicial" => "259"
                        "paginaFinal" => "291"
                        "serieFecha" => "1984"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Obsesions and compulsions in anorexia nervosa subtypes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Halmi"
                            1 => "S&#46; Sunday"
                            2 => "K&#46; Klump"
                            3 => "M&#46; Strober"
                            4 => "J&#46; Leckman"
                            5 => "M&#46; Fichter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/eat.10138"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "308"
                        "paginaFinal" => "319"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12655628"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is decision making really impaired in eating disorders&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Guillaume"
                            1 => "S&#46; Ngo Ton"
                            2 => "I&#46; Jaussent"
                            3 => "I&#46; Raingeard"
                            4 => "J&#46; Bringer"
                            5 => "F&#46; Jollant"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1037/a0019806"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychology"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "24"
                        "paginaInicial" => "808"
                        "paginaFinal" => "812"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20853958"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Information processing bias in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Southgate"
                            1 => "K&#46; Tchanturia"
                            2 => "T&#46; Treasure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.psychres.2007.07.017"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "160"
                        "paginaInicial" => "221"
                        "paginaFinal" => "227"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18579218"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Screening for eating disorders and high-risk behavior&#58; caution"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Jacobi"
                            1 => "L&#46; Abascal"
                            2 => "C&#46;B&#46; Taylor"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/eat.20048"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "280"
                        "paginaFinal" => "295"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15478137"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Is impaired set shifting an endophenotype of anorexia nervosa&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Holliday"
                            1 => "K&#46; Tchanturia"
                            2 => "S&#46; Landau"
                            3 => "D&#46; Collier"
                            4 => "J&#46; Treasure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1176/appi.ajp.162.12.2269"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am J Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "162"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2269"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2275"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330590"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A systematic review and meta-analysis of set-shifting ability in eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46;E&#46; Roberts"
                            1 => "K&#46; Tchanturia"
                            2 => "D&#46; Stahl"
                            3 => "L&#46; Southgate"
                            4 => "J&#46; Treasure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S0033291707009877"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Med"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1075"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1084"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17261218"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "48"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognition in eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "B&#46;P&#46; Jones"
                            1 => "C&#46;C&#46; Duncan"
                            2 => "P&#46; Brouwers"
                            3 => "A&#46;F&#46; Mirsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/01688639108401085"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "1991"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "711"
                        "paginaFinal" => "728"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1955527"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "49"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The cognitive profile of anorexia nervosa&#58; a comparative study including a community based sample"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Gillberg"
                            1 => "M&#46; Rastam"
                            2 => "M&#46; Johansson"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Compr Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "23"
                        "paginaFinal" => "30"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8770522"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "50"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive functioning&#44; weight change and therapy in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;W&#46; Green"
                            1 => "N&#46;A&#46; Elliman"
                            2 => "A&#46; Wakeling"
                            3 => "P&#46;J&#46; Rogers"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res"
                        "fecha" => "1996"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "401"
                        "paginaFinal" => "410"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8923343"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "51"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with eating disorders"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Nozoe"
                            1 => "T&#46; Naruo"
                            2 => "R&#46; Yonekura"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Nakabeppu"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Soejima"
                            5 => "N&#46; Nagai"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Res Bull"
                        "fecha" => "1995"
                        "volumen" => "36"
                        "paginaInicial" => "251"
                        "paginaFinal" => "255"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7697378"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "52"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Comparison of regional cerebral blood flow in patients with anorexia nervosa before and after weight gain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Kojima"
                            1 => "N&#46; Nagai"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Nakabeppu"
                            3 => "T&#46; Muranaga"
                            4 => "D&#46; Deguchi"
                            5 => "M&#46; Nakajo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.08.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "2005"
                        "volumen" => "140"
                        "paginaInicial" => "251"
                        "paginaFinal" => "258"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16288853"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "53"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Decreases in blood perfusion of the anterior cingulate gyri in Anorexia Nervosa Restricters assessed by SPECT image analysis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46; Naruo"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Nakabeppu"
                            2 => "D&#46; Deguchi"
                            3 => "N&#46; Nagai"
                            4 => "J&#46; Tsutui"
                            5 => "M&#46; Nakajoet"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "BMC Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "1"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11407997"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "54"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain morphology &#40;CT&#41; and cerebral metabolism &#40;PET&#41; in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Krieg"
                            1 => "H&#46;M&#46; Emrich"
                            2 => "H&#46; Backmund"
                            3 => "K&#46;M&#46; Pirke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:4 [
                        "titulo" => "Advances in biosciences&#46; Disorders of eating behaviour&#46; A psychoneuroendocrine approach"
                        "paginaInicial" => "247"
                        "paginaFinal" => "252"
                        "serieFecha" => "1986"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "55"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain morphology and regional cerebral blood flow in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;C&#46; Krieg"
                            1 => "C&#46; Lauer"
                            2 => "G&#46; Leinsinger"
                            3 => "J&#46; Pahl"
                            4 => "W&#46; Schreiber"
                            5 => "K&#46;M&#46; Pirke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1041"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1048"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2785821"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "56"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cerebral gray matter volume deficits after weight recovery from anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "E&#46;K&#46; Lambe"
                            1 => "D&#46;K&#46; Katzman"
                            2 => "D&#46;J&#46; Mikulis"
                            3 => "S&#46;H&#46; Kennedy"
                            4 => "R&#46;B&#46; Zipursky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Gen Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "537"
                        "paginaFinal" => "542"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10359468"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "57"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Regional cerebral glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa measured by positron emission tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Herholz"
                            1 => "J&#46;C&#46; Krieg"
                            2 => "H&#46;M&#46; Emrich"
                            3 => "G&#46; Pawlik"
                            4 => "C&#46; Beil"
                            5 => "K&#46;M&#46; Pirke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biol Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "volumen" => "22"
                        "paginaInicial" => "43"
                        "paginaFinal" => "51"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3491631"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "58"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain hypometabolism of glucose in low-weight depressed patients and in anorectic patients&#58; a consequence of starvation&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Delvenne"
                            1 => "S&#46; Goldman"
                            2 => "F&#46; Biver"
                            3 => "V&#46; De Maertalaer"
                            4 => "D&#46; Wikler"
                            5 => "P&#46; Damhaut"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Affect Disord"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "69"
                        "paginaFinal" => "77"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9186804"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            58 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0295"
              "etiqueta" => "59"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain glucose metabolism in eating disorders assessed by positron emission tomography"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Delvenne"
                            1 => "S&#46; Goldman"
                            2 => "V&#46; De Maertelaer"
                            3 => "F&#46; Lotstra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int J Eat Disord"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "29"
                        "paginaFinal" => "37"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9924650"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            59 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0300"
              "etiqueta" => "60"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain glucose metabolism in anorexia nervosa and affective disorders&#58; influence of weight loss or depressive symptomatology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Delvenne"
                            1 => "S&#46; Goldman"
                            2 => "V&#46; De Maertelaer"
                            3 => "D&#46; Wikler"
                            4 => "P&#46; Damhaut"
                            5 => "F&#46; Lotstra"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "74"
                        "paginaInicial" => "83"
                        "paginaFinal" => "92"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9204511"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            60 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0305"
              "etiqueta" => "61"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Regional cerebral blood flow changes associated with interoceptive awareness in the recovery process of anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Matsumoto"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Kitabayashi"
                            2 => "J&#46; Narumoto"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Wada"
                            4 => "A&#46; Okamoto"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Ushijima"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.03.042"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "30"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1265"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1270"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16777310"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            61 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0310"
              "etiqueta" => "62"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Hunger and satiety in anorexia nervosa&#58; fMRI during cognitive processing of food pictures"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Santel"
                            1 => "L&#46; Baving"
                            2 => "K&#46; Krauel"
                            3 => "T&#46;F&#46; Munte"
                            4 => "M&#46; Rotte"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.brainres.2006.07.045"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Res"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "1114"
                        "paginaInicial" => "138"
                        "paginaFinal" => "148"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16919246"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            62 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0315"
              "etiqueta" => "63"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Functional anatomy of calorie fear in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Ellison"
                            1 => "J&#46; Foong"
                            2 => "R&#46; Howard"
                            3 => "E&#46; Bullmore"
                            4 => "S&#46; Williams"
                            5 => "J&#46; Treasure"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/S0140-6736(05)60530-2"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Lancet"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "352"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1192"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9777840"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            63 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0320"
              "etiqueta" => "64"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Altered insula response to taste stimuli in individuals recovered from restricting-type anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Wagner"
                            1 => "H&#46; Aizenstein"
                            2 => "L&#46; Mazurkewicz"
                            3 => "J&#46; Fudge"
                            4 => "G&#46;K&#46; Frank"
                            5 => "K&#46; Putnam"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/sj.npp.1301443"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychopharmacology"
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "513"
                        "paginaFinal" => "523"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17487228"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            64 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0325"
              "etiqueta" => "65"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The functional neuroanatomy of the human orbitofrontal cortex&#58; evidence from neuroimaging and neuropsychology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;L&#46; Kringelbach"
                            1 => "E&#46;T&#46; Rolls"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.03.006"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Prog Neurobiol"
                        "fecha" => "2004"
                        "volumen" => "72"
                        "paginaInicial" => "341"
                        "paginaFinal" => "372"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15157726"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            65 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0330"
              "etiqueta" => "66"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Reversible and non-reversible enlargement of cerebrospinal fluid spaces in anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "H&#46; Artmann"
                            1 => "H&#46; Grau"
                            2 => "M&#46; Adelmann"
                            3 => "R&#46; Schleiffer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuroradiology"
                        "fecha" => "1985"
                        "volumen" => "27"
                        "paginaInicial" => "304"
                        "paginaFinal" => "312"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3876520"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            66 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0335"
              "etiqueta" => "67"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging study of brain changes in adolescents with anorexia nervosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "D&#46;K&#46; Katzman"
                            1 => "R&#46;B&#46; Zipursky"
                            2 => "E&#46;K&#46; Lambe"
                            3 => "D&#46;J&#46; Mikulis"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "151"
                        "paginaInicial" => "793"
                        "paginaFinal" => "797"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9265880"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            67 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0340"
              "etiqueta" => "68"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Toma de decisiones en la anorexia nerviosa"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Salvador"
                            1 => "L&#46; Mestas"
                            2 => "F&#46; Gordillo"
                            3 => "J&#46;M&#46; Arana"
                            4 => "J&#46;J&#46;G&#46; Meil&#225;n"
                            5 => "E&#46; P&#233;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Neurol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "703"
                        "paginaFinal" => "704"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20514644"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            68 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0345"
              "etiqueta" => "69"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Adolescent anorexia nervosa&#58; cross-sectional and follow-up frontal gray matter disturbances detected with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Castro-Fornieles"
                            1 => "N&#46; Bargall&#243;"
                            2 => "L&#46; L&#225;zaro"
                            3 => "S&#46; Andr&#233;s"
                            4 => "C&#46; Falcon"
                            5 => "M&#46;C&#46; Plana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.jpsychires.2006.09.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Psychiatr Res"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "952"
                        "paginaFinal" => "958"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17112540"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:3 [
        "identificador" => "xack44769"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgement"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We would like to thank San Antonio de Padua School in Carcaixent&#44; Valencia&#44; Spain&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001666/v1_201305151344/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9423"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Review articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735808/0000002700000008/v1_201305151344/S2173580812001666/v1_201305151344/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580812001666?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 21735808
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.nrleng.2011.08.003

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	2	0	2
2024 October	29	6	35
2024 September	43	9	52
2024 August	30	5	35
2024 July	22	6	28
2024 June	39	8	47
2024 May	39	12	51
2024 April	32	8	40
2024 March	48	7	55
2024 February	66	12	78
2024 January	54	10	64
2023 December	67	17	84
2023 November	69	28	97
2023 October	86	32	118
2023 September	40	16	56
2023 August	44	11	55
2023 July	61	9	70
2023 June	66	10	76
2023 May	92	4	96
2023 April	108	4	112
2023 March	62	12	74
2023 February	63	8	71
2023 January	49	16	65
2022 December	46	8	54
2022 November	47	14	61
2022 October	38	18	56
2022 September	29	8	37
2022 August	40	12	52
2022 July	24	22	46
2022 June	41	9	50
2022 May	45	11	56
2022 April	24	7	31
2022 March	19	8	27
2022 February	25	7	32
2022 January	27	11	38
2021 December	22	17	39
2021 November	20	13	33
2021 October	43	14	57
2021 September	35	16	51
2021 August	30	8	38
2021 July	17	7	24
2021 June	24	13	37
2021 May	27	13	40
2021 April	68	31	99
2021 March	18	13	31
2021 February	14	7	21
2021 January	18	13	31
2020 December	14	4	18
2020 November	11	4	15
2020 October	29	7	36
2020 September	18	5	23
2020 August	14	6	20
2020 July	31	7	38
2020 June	17	0	17
2020 May	23	12	35
2020 April	14	7	21
2020 March	28	4	32
2020 February	29	5	34
2020 January	26	16	42
2019 December	23	12	35
2019 November	14	9	23
2019 October	18	8	26
2019 September	20	4	24
2019 August	15	11	26
2019 July	26	18	44
2019 June	48	47	95
2019 May	118	89	207
2019 April	43	51	94
2019 March	25	11	36
2019 February	27	2	29
2019 January	29	11	40
2018 December	42	4	46
2018 November	61	9	70
2018 October	36	6	42
2018 September	25	8	33
2018 August	21	16	37
2018 July	8	5	13
2018 June	21	3	24
2018 May	34	1	35
2018 April	17	1	18
2018 March	6	2	8
2018 February	114	3	117
2018 January	36	4	40
2017 December	107	7	114
2017 November	39	3	42
2017 October	13	3	16
2017 September	18	4	22
2017 August	15	4	19
2017 July	16	2	18
2017 June	33	6	39
2017 May	36	6	42
2017 April	31	3	34
2017 March	16	14	30
2017 February	20	8	28
2017 January	17	11	28
2016 December	29	10	39
2016 November	39	9	48
2016 October	34	4	38
2016 September	14	8	22
2016 August	31	8	39
2016 July	16	7	23
2016 June	30	13	43
2016 May	23	12	35
2016 April	22	14	36
2016 March	25	26	51
2016 February	24	17	41
2016 January	9	19	28
2015 December	21	18	39
2015 November	22	15	37
2015 October	25	19	44
2015 September	23	16	39
2015 August	18	9	27
2015 July	19	9	28
2015 June	8	5	13
2015 May	22	9	31
2015 April	35	11	46
2015 March	29	7	36
2015 February	40	10	50
2015 January	44	10	54
2014 December	51	17	68
2014 November	35	4	39
2014 October	40	9	49
2014 September	44	13	57
2014 August	42	6	48
2014 July	41	13	54
2014 June	37	15	52
2014 May	26	5	31
2014 April	24	9	33
2014 March	31	8	39
2014 February	18	8	26
2014 January	19	7	26
2013 December	29	7	36
2013 November	28	13	41
2013 October	37	7	44
2013 September	43	2	45
2013 August	43	5	48
2013 July	30	2	32

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter