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No spinal compression is observed. Centre: Hypointense lesion on T2-weighted MRI image. Right: Sagittal image of MRI with gadolinium where no contrast uptake is observed.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "G. Rodríguez-Boto, M. Rivero-Garvía, R. Gutiérrez-González, A. Pérez-Zamarrón, J. Vaquero" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "G." "apellidos" => "Rodríguez-Boto" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Rivero-Garvía" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "R." "apellidos" => "Gutiérrez-González" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "A." "apellidos" => "Pérez-Zamarrón" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "J." 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"tieneTextoCompleto" => true "saludo" => "Dear Editor:" "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "442" "paginaFinal" => "443" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "J.A. Matías-Guiu, M. Yus, M. Jorquera, J. Porta-Etessam" "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "J.A." "apellidos" => "Matías-Guiu" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "jordimatiasguiu@hotmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor1" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Yus" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "M." "apellidos" => "Jorquera" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "J." "apellidos" => "Porta-Etessam" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Neurociencias, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Servicio de Radiología, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor1" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Hiperintensidad pulvinar en T1: ¿un signo patognomónico de enfermedad de Fabry?" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1136 "Ancho" => 999 "Tamanyo" => 89839 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Brain CT. Hyperdensities can be seen in both pulvinar nuclei.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder of lysosomal metabolism that causes glycosphingolipid deposits in different tissues, with vascular endothelium being particularly susceptible. Clinical manifestations vary depending on the patient's age at onset; they include skin lesions, acroparesthesia, pain episodes, anhidrosis, corneal opacity, hearing loss, and others. However, its vascular complications in the kidneys, heart, and brain are severe, especially in late-onset cases or in patients with longer histories of the disease. Although other types of neurological manifestations may be present, cerebrovascular problems are particularly frequent and serious.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1,2</span></a> Doctors consider Fabry disease in the differential diagnosis of strokes of undetermined causes, and these strokes are most commonly linked to the vertebrobasilar territory.</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Early diagnosis of this disease is important, given the availability and usage recommendations for enzyme replacement therapy with recombinant acid alpha-glucosidase.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> For example, researchers have described that hyperintensities in both pulvinar nuclei in a T1-weighted MRI sequence may be a pathognomonic sign for Fabry disease.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present the case of a patient with ischaemic stroke and bilateral pulvinar hyperintensities whose enzyme analysis was negative for Fabry disease. This 64-year-old man with hypertension and dyslipidaemia experienced sudden-onset dizziness and instability together with loss of lower limb strength and impaired enunciation. Neurological examination observed right hemiparesis which abated over the next few hours. Cranial CT revealed hyperintensities in both pulvinar nuclei (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). A T2-weighted MRI also showed a hyperintense lesion in the left hemi-pons with restricted diffusion; findings are compatible with a recent infarct. In the T1-weighted sagittal sequence, we also observed hyperintensity restricted to both pulvinar nuclei (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0010">Fig. 2</a>). Hyperintense lesions in the subcortical and periventricular white matter are also apparent in the T2-weighted sequence. There were no clinical signs or symptoms that would indicate Fabry disease, and the patient had no family history of the entity. Spectrofluorimetric determination of acid alpha-glucosidase in blood showed an activity level of 100%. We also ruled out other causes of calcification in the basal ganglia by measuring calcium, parathyroid hormone, glucose, and ammonia; HIV serology was also tested. It is therefore possible to state that pulvinar hyperintensity in this case may be secondary to small-vessel impairment due to arterial hypertension. Furthermore, pulvinar hyperintensity was secondary to calcifications at this location according to CT and MRI; similar findings have also been demonstrated in studies of Fabry disease.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case in which T1-weighted images of pulvinar hyperintensity are not linked to Fabry disease. Two other case studies have questioned whether the sign is really pathognomonic; in both, however, hyperintensity was not limited to the pulvinar nucleus and also affected the lenticular nucleus.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> The frequency of this radiological sign in patient series with Fabry disease<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4–6</span></a> has been estimated at 25% in men, but exceptionally rare in women. For this reason, theories suggest that this pattern could be related to the lower enzymatic activity in men, which would result in the formation of vascular microcalcifications. Presence of the sign has been correlated to age and severity of kidney disease, but not to the appearance of ischaemic stroke.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The case we present confirms that T1-weighted images of bilateral pulvinar hyperintensity secondary to calcification are not pathognomonic for Fabry disease. Researchers require further studies to evaluate the frequency of this sign, and its association with Fabry disease, in populations not previously diagnosed with Fabry disease. This will help us ascertain the diagnostic utility of this radiological sign in establishing ischaemic stroke aetiology.</p></span>" "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "NotaPie" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "☆" "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Please cite this article as: Matías-Guiu JA, Yus M, Jorquera M, Porta-Etessam J. Hiperintensidad pulvinar en T1: ¿un signo patognomónico de enfermedad de Fabry? Neurología. 2014;29:442–443.</p>" ] ] "multimedia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1136 "Ancho" => 999 "Tamanyo" => 89839 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Brain CT. Hyperdensities can be seen in both pulvinar nuclei.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 545 "Ancho" => 2050 "Tamanyo" => 149840 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Brain MRI. Sagittal and coronal T1-weighted sequences; axial FLAIR sequence. T1 weighted sequence of hyperintensities in both pulvinar nuclei.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0005" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Neurological manifestations of Fabry disease" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Mendióroz" 1 => "I. Fernández-Cadenas" 2 => "J. 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2024 August | 73 | 4 | 77 |
2024 July | 71 | 9 | 80 |
2024 June | 59 | 4 | 63 |
2024 May | 36 | 4 | 40 |
2024 April | 45 | 14 | 59 |
2024 March | 58 | 6 | 64 |
2024 February | 76 | 4 | 80 |
2024 January | 87 | 7 | 94 |
2023 December | 96 | 9 | 105 |
2023 November | 84 | 10 | 94 |
2023 October | 92 | 11 | 103 |
2023 September | 63 | 8 | 71 |
2023 August | 56 | 12 | 68 |
2023 July | 60 | 13 | 73 |
2023 June | 62 | 5 | 67 |
2023 May | 102 | 8 | 110 |
2023 April | 79 | 6 | 85 |
2023 March | 71 | 7 | 78 |
2023 February | 51 | 10 | 61 |
2023 January | 65 | 11 | 76 |
2022 December | 71 | 16 | 87 |
2022 November | 72 | 13 | 85 |
2022 October | 65 | 18 | 83 |
2022 September | 67 | 34 | 101 |
2022 August | 87 | 14 | 101 |
2022 July | 42 | 11 | 53 |
2022 June | 37 | 11 | 48 |
2022 May | 52 | 14 | 66 |
2022 April | 43 | 17 | 60 |
2022 March | 62 | 14 | 76 |
2022 February | 59 | 7 | 66 |
2022 January | 82 | 7 | 89 |
2021 December | 88 | 24 | 112 |
2021 November | 85 | 14 | 99 |
2021 October | 70 | 11 | 81 |
2021 September | 77 | 14 | 91 |
2021 August | 87 | 11 | 98 |
2021 July | 62 | 13 | 75 |
2021 June | 51 | 12 | 63 |
2021 May | 57 | 20 | 77 |
2021 April | 108 | 36 | 144 |
2021 March | 114 | 11 | 125 |
2021 February | 88 | 16 | 104 |
2021 January | 79 | 11 | 90 |
2020 December | 68 | 11 | 79 |
2020 November | 76 | 11 | 87 |
2020 October | 70 | 7 | 77 |
2020 September | 65 | 16 | 81 |
2020 August | 64 | 8 | 72 |
2020 July | 55 | 18 | 73 |
2020 June | 42 | 11 | 53 |
2020 May | 44 | 21 | 65 |
2020 April | 44 | 8 | 52 |
2020 March | 54 | 38 | 92 |
2020 February | 48 | 13 | 61 |
2020 January | 63 | 16 | 79 |
2019 December | 52 | 17 | 69 |
2019 November | 42 | 10 | 52 |
2019 October | 39 | 10 | 49 |
2019 September | 46 | 11 | 57 |
2019 August | 37 | 9 | 46 |
2019 July | 60 | 16 | 76 |
2019 June | 75 | 51 | 126 |
2019 May | 88 | 59 | 147 |
2019 April | 99 | 37 | 136 |
2019 March | 27 | 8 | 35 |
2019 February | 45 | 10 | 55 |
2019 January | 17 | 11 | 28 |
2018 December | 22 | 4 | 26 |
2018 November | 24 | 9 | 33 |
2018 October | 44 | 7 | 51 |
2018 September | 31 | 2 | 33 |
2018 August | 29 | 4 | 33 |
2018 July | 13 | 6 | 19 |
2018 June | 14 | 3 | 17 |
2018 May | 20 | 17 | 37 |
2018 April | 13 | 6 | 19 |
2018 March | 14 | 3 | 17 |
2018 February | 12 | 1 | 13 |
2018 January | 8 | 1 | 9 |
2017 December | 26 | 1 | 27 |
2017 November | 16 | 7 | 23 |
2017 October | 26 | 4 | 30 |
2017 September | 18 | 13 | 31 |
2017 August | 28 | 5 | 33 |
2017 July | 15 | 5 | 20 |
2017 June | 30 | 23 | 53 |
2017 May | 27 | 13 | 40 |
2017 April | 26 | 21 | 47 |
2017 March | 29 | 18 | 47 |
2017 February | 26 | 8 | 34 |
2017 January | 23 | 5 | 28 |
2016 December | 29 | 11 | 40 |
2016 November | 30 | 8 | 38 |
2016 October | 60 | 10 | 70 |
2016 September | 110 | 9 | 119 |
2016 August | 66 | 7 | 73 |
2016 July | 35 | 5 | 40 |
2016 June | 43 | 19 | 62 |
2016 May | 45 | 24 | 69 |
2016 April | 57 | 21 | 78 |
2016 March | 49 | 21 | 70 |
2016 February | 43 | 24 | 67 |
2016 January | 29 | 17 | 46 |
2015 December | 39 | 10 | 49 |
2015 November | 30 | 17 | 47 |
2015 October | 41 | 31 | 72 |
2015 September | 41 | 17 | 58 |
2015 August | 25 | 14 | 39 |
2015 July | 15 | 19 | 34 |
2015 June | 20 | 13 | 33 |
2015 May | 18 | 14 | 32 |
2015 April | 30 | 19 | 49 |
2015 March | 24 | 20 | 44 |
2015 February | 33 | 16 | 49 |
2015 January | 29 | 8 | 37 |
2014 December | 32 | 10 | 42 |
2014 November | 22 | 10 | 32 |
2014 October | 23 | 9 | 32 |