metricas
covid
Buscar en
Neurología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Sleep quality and memory function in healthy ageing
Journal Information

Statistics

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

Original article
Sleep quality and memory function in healthy ageing
Calidad del sueño y déficit de memoria en el envejecimiento sano
T. Cruza, L. Garcíab, M.A. Álvarezb,c, A.L. Manzanerod,
Corresponding author
antonio.manzanero@psi.ucm.es

Corresponding author.
a Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
b Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, La Habana, Cuba
c Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
d Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Read
3914
Times
was read the article
892
Total PDF
3022
Total HTML
Share statistics
 array:25 [
  "pii" => "S2173580821001346"
  "issn" => "21735808"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.10.024"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-01-01"
  "aid" => "1263"
  "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurología"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2019"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Neurologia. 2022;37:31-7"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => true
    "ES2" => true
    "LATM" => true
  ]
  "gratuito" => true
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "Traduccion" => array:1 [
    "es" => array:20 [
      "pii" => "S0213485319300039"
      "issn" => "02134853"
      "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2018.10.001"
      "estado" => "S300"
      "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-01-01"
      "aid" => "1263"
      "copyright" => "Sociedad Española de Neurología"
      "documento" => "article"
      "crossmark" => 1
      "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
      "subdocumento" => "fla"
      "cita" => "Neurologia. 2022;37:31-7"
      "abierto" => array:3 [
        "ES" => true
        "ES2" => true
        "LATM" => true
      ]
      "gratuito" => true
      "lecturas" => array:2 [
        "total" => 583
        "formatos" => array:3 [
          "EPUB" => 26
          "HTML" => 129
          "PDF" => 428
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:13 [
        "idiomaDefecto" => true
        "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original</span>"
        "titulo" => "Calidad del sue&#241;o y d&#233;ficit de memoria en el envejecimiento sano"
        "tienePdf" => "es"
        "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
        "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
          0 => "es"
          1 => "en"
        ]
        "paginas" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "paginaInicial" => "31"
            "paginaFinal" => "37"
          ]
        ]
        "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
          "en" => array:1 [
            "titulo" => "Sleep quality and memory function in healthy ageing"
          ]
        ]
        "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
          "es" => true
          "en" => true
        ]
        "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "contienePdf" => array:1 [
          "es" => true
        ]
        "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
          "original" => 0
          "multimedia" => array:7 [
            "identificador" => "fig0010"
            "etiqueta" => "Figura 2"
            "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
            "mostrarFloat" => true
            "mostrarDisplay" => false
            "figura" => array:1 [
              0 => array:4 [
                "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
                "Alto" => 1130
                "Ancho" => 1504
                "Tamanyo" => 129712
              ]
            ]
            "descripcion" => array:1 [
              "es" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Relaci&#243;n entre edad y aprendizaje de palabras&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "autores" => array:1 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "autoresLista" => "T&#46; Cruz, L&#46; Garc&#237;a, M&#46;A&#46; &#193;lvarez, A&#46;L&#46; Manzanero"
            "autores" => array:4 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "T&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Cruz"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a"
              ]
              2 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "&#193;lvarez"
              ]
              3 => array:2 [
                "nombre" => "A&#46;L&#46;"
                "apellidos" => "Manzanero"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
      "Traduccion" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:9 [
          "pii" => "S2173580821001346"
          "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.10.024"
          "estado" => "S300"
          "subdocumento" => ""
          "abierto" => array:3 [
            "ES" => true
            "ES2" => true
            "LATM" => true
          ]
          "gratuito" => true
          "lecturas" => array:1 [
            "total" => 0
          ]
          "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
          "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580821001346?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
        ]
      ]
      "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485319300039?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      "url" => "/02134853/0000003700000001/v2_202203180846/S0213485319300039/v2_202203180846/es/main.assets"
    ]
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2173580820301875"
    "issn" => "21735808"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.11.008"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-01-01"
    "aid" => "1262"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurologia. 2022;37:38-44"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Screening for cognitive impairment with the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in Spanish patients with minor stroke or transient ischaemic attack"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "38"
          "paginaFinal" => "44"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Detecci&#243;n del deterioro cognitivo con la Evaluaci&#243;n Cognitiva de Montreal en pacientes espa&#241;oles con ictus minor o ataque isqu&#233;mico transitorio"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0005"
          "etiqueta" => "Fig&#46; 1"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1482
              "Ancho" => 1501
              "Tamanyo" => 59327
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0005"
              "detalle" => "Fig&#46; "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">ROC curve analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment for patients with and without cognitive impairment &#40;78&#46;4&#37; sensitivity&#44; 76&#46;9&#37; specificity&#44; area under the curve 0&#46;835&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "J&#46;M&#46; Ram&#237;rez-Moreno, S&#46; Bartolom&#233; Alberca, P&#46; Mu&#241;oz Vega, E&#46;J&#46; Guerrero Barona"
          "autores" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "J&#46;M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ram&#237;rez-Moreno"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Bartolom&#233; Alberca"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "P&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Mu&#241;oz Vega"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;J&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Guerrero Barona"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0213485319300027"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2018.11.001"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485319300027?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580820301875?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735808/0000003700000001/v1_202201220534/S2173580820301875/v1_202201220534/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:20 [
    "pii" => "S2173580821001358"
    "issn" => "21735808"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrleng.2018.11.010"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2022-01-01"
    "aid" => "1265"
    "copyright" => "Sociedad Espa&#241;ola de Neurolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Neurologia. 2022;37:21-30"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => true
      "ES2" => true
      "LATM" => true
    ]
    "gratuito" => true
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Trends in healthcare resource use and expenditure before and after ischaemic stroke&#46; A population-based study"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:2 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "21"
          "paginaFinal" => "30"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Evoluci&#243;n del gasto en servicios sanitarios antes y despu&#233;s del ictus isqu&#233;mico&#58; an&#225;lisis de base poblacional"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:8 [
          "identificador" => "fig0020"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 4"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr4.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 1319
              "Ancho" => 3340
              "Tamanyo" => 292701
            ]
          ]
          "detalles" => array:1 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "at0020"
              "detalle" => "Figure "
              "rol" => "short"
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Mean monthly expenditure per patient during the year before stroke and the 3 years after stroke&#44; by healthcare resource&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "A&#46; Ribera, E&#46; Vela, A&#46; Garc&#237;a-Alt&#233;s, M&#46; Cl&#232;ries, S&#46; Abilleira"
          "autores" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Ribera"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "E&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Vela"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "A&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a-Alt&#233;s"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "M&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Cl&#232;ries"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "S&#46;"
              "apellidos" => "Abilleira"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "Traduccion" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:9 [
        "pii" => "S0213485319300052"
        "doi" => "10.1016/j.nrl.2018.11.002"
        "estado" => "S300"
        "subdocumento" => ""
        "abierto" => array:3 [
          "ES" => true
          "ES2" => true
          "LATM" => true
        ]
        "gratuito" => true
        "lecturas" => array:1 [
          "total" => 0
        ]
        "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
        "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0213485319300052?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
      ]
    ]
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580821001358?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/21735808/0000003700000001/v1_202201220534/S2173580821001358/v1_202201220534/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:21 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Sleep quality and memory function in healthy ageing"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "31"
        "paginaFinal" => "37"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "T&#46; Cruz, L&#46; Garc&#237;a, M&#46;A&#46; &#193;lvarez, A&#46;L&#46; Manzanero"
        "autores" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "T&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Cruz"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Garc&#237;a"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "M&#46;A&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "&#193;lvarez"
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0015"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "A&#46;L&#46;"
            "apellidos" => "Manzanero"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "antonio.manzanero@psi.ucm.es"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0020"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Madrid&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Instituto de Neurolog&#237;a y Neurocirug&#237;a&#44; La Habana&#44; Cuba"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidad de La Habana&#44; La Habana&#44; Cuba"
            "etiqueta" => "c"
            "identificador" => "aff0015"
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Universidad Complutense de Madrid&#44; Madrid&#44; Spain"
            "etiqueta" => "d"
            "identificador" => "aff0020"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Calidad del sue&#241;o y d&#233;ficit de memoria en el envejecimiento sano"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1165
            "Ancho" => 1667
            "Tamanyo" => 132830
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0010"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Association between age and word learning performance&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Increased life expectancy is associated with greater prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases&#46; One challenge for applied neuroscience is the development of fast&#44; simple systems for the early diagnosis of cognitive disorders&#46; However&#44; the study of age-related cognitive changes presents methodological complexities due to the confounding effect of nervous system disorders as a comorbidity during ageing&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Healthy ageing is associated with greater variability of cognitive function between individuals&#59; a broad range of variables&#44; including education&#44; genetic factors&#44; medical history&#44; lifestyle&#44; working history&#44; and sociocultural factors&#44; are known to influence different cognitive capacities over an individual&#8217;s life&#44; and determine their functional status in old age&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#8211;4</span></a></p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Healthy ageing involves neural changes that do not necessarily manifest as functional disabilities&#44; and age-related cognitive changes are known to present a relatively stable progression&#44; rarely progressing to dementia&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> These changes mainly affect attentional performance&#44; working memory&#44; learning&#44; long-term memory&#44; language&#44; and visuospatial and executive functions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a></p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Long-term memory presents distinctive characteristics during ageing&#44; and its decline may be explained by alterations to processes of encoding&#44; storage&#44; and recovery&#44; or disorders in the interaction between encoding and recovery&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6&#8211;9</span></a> Ageing can also be associated with deficits in the attentional processing of the information used to solve tasks<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10&#8211;12</span></a> and deficits in executive function&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0065"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a> which may be responsible for the impairment of working memory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a></p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While they are distinct constructs&#44; it is methodologically challenging to separate the evaluation of attention and working memory&#46; The latter concept refers to the conscious representation and temporary manipulation of the information needed to perform complex cognitive operations&#44; such as learning&#44; language comprehension&#44; and reasoning&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> There is overlap between the neural systems involved&#46; The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus are connected by various circuits&#44; which must remain intact to guarantee cognitively healthy ageing&#46; With age&#44; reduced postsynaptic density is observed in the hippocampus&#44; which may indicate the presence of silent&#44; non-functional synapses<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#59; gene transcription aberrations have also been detected that affect the brain&#8217;s capacity for learning and memory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">17</span></a> However&#44; prefrontal systems age more rapidly than the temporal lobes&#44; showing synapse loss and regression of apical dendrites&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18</span></a> which would explain the cognitive pattern observed in elderly individuals&#44; in whom processes of working memory&#44; attention&#44; and cognitive flexibility are affected first&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">19</span></a></p><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Sleep in old age</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sleep patterns and circadian rhythms are modulated by sex steroids&#44; which have receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus&#46; Plasma concentrations of these steroids change in accordance with the period of development &#40;childhood&#44; puberty&#44; old age&#41;&#44; affecting sleep&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20&#8211;22</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Prevalence of poor sleep quality is reported in the adult population&#44; and age is directly correlated with poorer sleep quality and quantity&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a> These alterations particularly affect women due to the age-related decrease in sex steroid levels&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;25</span></a></p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Extensive reorganisation of the central nervous system occurs during sleep&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0120"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a> and while it is unclear whether sleep quality influences memory&#44; sleep disorders have been shown to affect alertness&#44; concentration&#44; and individual performance&#46; Both REM and non-REM sleep maintain neuronal integrity&#44; and the REM phase is known to be necessary to prenatal brain development and postnatal maintenance of brain functions&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;24</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As much of the available information is from studies with standardised conditions in clinical populations&#44; there is a lack of data on memory task performance and perceived sleep quality in healthy older individuals in a community setting&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study aims to address this issue&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Methods</span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Participants</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The study sample comprised 99 healthy individuals aged over 50&#59; 69 &#40;69&#46;7&#37;&#41; were women and 30 &#40;30&#46;3&#37;&#41; were men&#59; all participants were users of the El Parque and Concepci&#243;n Arenal centres for older people in Rivas-Vaciamadrid &#40;Spain&#41;&#46; Participants were aged between 52 and 87 years&#44; with a mean &#40;standard deviation &#91;SD&#93;&#41; age of 68&#46;74 years &#40;7&#46;18&#41;&#46; Regarding level of schooling&#44; 53&#46;5&#37; had completed primary education only&#44; 29&#46;3&#37; had completed secondary education&#44; and 16&#46;2&#37; had completed post-secondary education&#59; one participant &#40;1&#37;&#41; did not report the level of education completed&#46; All participants were assessed by a geriatrician and a neurologist to rule out concomitant diseases affecting cognition&#44; refractory visual disorders and colour blindness&#44; previous diagnoses of sleep disorders&#44; and use of drugs that may interfere with performance on neuropsychological tests&#46; As this study did not aim to diagnose neurocognitive disorders&#44; no test was administered to screen for these&#46; To ensure that instructions were understood and that the responses given reflected the true performance of the cognitive tasks and subjective perception of sleep quality&#44; both tests were administered by a single researcher&#46; Participants were evaluated in a private&#44; distraction-free space&#46; All evaluation sessions took place in the morning&#44; and lasted approximately 35&#160;minutes&#46; Participation was voluntary and all participants signed informed consent forms&#46; The study complied with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki for research involving human subjects&#46; Upon completion of the study&#44; each participant was given a summary of their assessment results&#44; with suggestions for their family doctor if any anomaly was detected&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Procedure</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Evaluation of memory&#46;</span> The study used the VINCI 1&#46;0 program&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> a specifically designed computer test battery that evaluates memory through 2 tests&#44; Visual Paired Associates &#40;VPA I and II&#41; and Word Learning &#40;WL&#41;&#44; based on tasks from the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0135"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> The tests were administered in the following order&#58; VPA I&#44; WL&#44; and VPA II&#46;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">VPA&#46;</span> The test was performed in 2 phases&#46; Phase I involved 3 trials&#46; In each trial&#44; 6 pairs of colours and abstract&#44; black-and-white figures &#40;125&#160;&#215;&#160;80 pixels&#59; 7&#160;&#215;&#160;4&#46;5&#160;cm for each figure and colour&#41; were presented consecutively&#44; against a grey background&#59; each pair was shown for 6000&#160;ms&#44; with 1000&#160;ms interval between cues&#46; Next&#44; all 6 colours were presented simultaneously and continuously&#44; while the 6 figures were successively shown in a random order&#44; for 6000&#160;ms per figure&#46; Participants were then asked to identify which colour was associated with each figure&#46; In phase II&#44; 30&#160;minutes later&#44; participants were shown the 6 colours and a random succession of the abstract figures&#44; and were asked to identify which colour was associated with each figure&#46; The variables recorded were total correct responses in VPA I and total correct responses in VPA II&#46; Overall performance was calculated by adding together the 2 values&#46; The maximum possible score was 24 points&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">-</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">WL&#46;</span> The test was performed in 3 phases&#46; In the first&#44; 15 words were shown in succession &#40;1500&#160;ms per word&#41;&#59; subsequently&#44; a window appeared in which the subject or operator wrote the words the subject recalled&#46; In the second phase&#44; all 15 words were shown for 90 seconds&#46; Next&#44; a window appeared in which the subject or operator wrote the words the subject recalled&#46; In the third phase&#44; 30 words &#40;15 from the original list and 15 new words&#41; appeared in succession&#59; subjects were asked to hit the Enter key each time a new word appeared and the space bar each time a word from the original list was shown&#46; Overall performance on the WL task was calculated by adding together the words recalled in the first and second phases&#46; The maximum possible score was 30 points&#46;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Evaluation of sleep quality&#46;</span> Sleep quality was evaluated using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index &#40;PSQI&#41;&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0140"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a> which was administered by the lead author &#40;TC&#41; to ensure comprehension and correct completion of the questionnaire&#46; The questionnaire evaluates sleep quality and difficulties in the last month&#46; It includes 19 self-administered items &#40;only these are scored&#41; and 5 that are rated by the bed partner or room mate&#46; The 19 items assess 7 components of sleep&#44; each of which is scored from 0 to 3 &#40;with 0 indicating no difficulty and 3 indicating great difficulty&#41;&#46; The components evaluated are&#58; subjective sleep quality&#44; sleep latency&#44; sleep duration&#44; habitual sleep efficiency&#44; sleep disturbances&#44; use of sleeping medication&#44; and daytime dysfunction&#46; The sum of scores for the 7 components provides a global score between 0 and 21&#44; with 0 indicating no difficulty and 21 indicating severe difficulty in all components&#46; Global PSQI scores greater than 5 are considered to indicate poor sleep quality&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Results</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> shows the mean &#40;SD&#41; values for VPA&#44; WL&#44; and sleep components&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The mean VPA and WL scores &#40;5&#46;42 and 12&#46;60&#44; respectively&#41; are both situated at the 50th percentile of the distribution of scores&#59; therefore&#44; performance can be considered average&#46;</p><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Mean sleep quality is poor &#40;7&#46;22 points&#41;&#46; Mean scores for all sleep quality components evaluated were close to 1 point&#44; the threshold value for sleep alterations&#59; alterations in subjective sleep quality&#44; sleep disturbances&#44; and daytime dysfunction were most common&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41; was performed to determine the effect of sex and level of schooling on memory performance and PSQI components&#44; and the Pearson correlation coefficient was calculated to determine the effect of age on these parameters&#46;</p><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Sex</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Sex affected performance in VPA &#40;F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#91;1&#44; 98&#93;</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;10&#46;610&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160; &#46;01&#59; &#951;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#46;103&#41; and sleep latency &#40;F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#91;1&#44; 98&#93;</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;7&#46;533&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160; &#46;01&#59; &#951;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#46;076&#41;&#44; with women scoring higher on the VPA test &#40;mean &#91;SD&#93;&#44; 5&#46;98 &#91;4&#46;72&#93;&#44; vs 4&#46;33 &#91;2&#46;88&#93; for men&#41; and presenting greater sleep latency &#40;1&#46;17 &#91;1&#46;14&#93;&#44; vs 0&#46;43 &#91;0&#46;63&#93; for men&#41;&#46; The effect size was small for both variables&#44; indicating that sex has a weak effect&#46; No significant differences were found between sexes for WL or the remaining PSQI components&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Level of schooling</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Level of schooling had a significant effect on VPA performance &#40;F<span class="elsevierStyleInf">&#91;2&#44; 98&#93;</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;4&#46;559&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160; &#46;05&#59; &#951;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#46;090&#41;&#46; The mean score in the group of participants with primary education only &#40;4&#46;28 &#91;3&#46;43&#93;&#41; was lower than scores in the secondary &#40;7 &#91;4&#46;89&#93;&#41; and post-secondary education subgroups &#40;6&#46;68 &#91;4&#46;77&#93;&#41;&#44; although the effect size was low&#44; indicating a weak effect&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Age</span><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a> and <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a> present the correlation analysis &#40;2-tailed Pearson coefficient&#41;&#44; which shows that age is inversely correlated with performance on both memory measures&#44; VPA &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&#91;99&#93; &#61; &#8211;0&#46;334&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160; &#46;01&#41; and WL &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&#91;99&#93; &#61; &#8211;0&#46;206&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160; &#46;05&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Age is not correlated with PSQI global score &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&#91;99&#93;&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#46;070&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#61;&#160; &#46;491&#41; or any PSQI component&#44; with the exception of habitual sleep efficiency &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&#91;99&#93;&#160;&#61;&#160;0&#46;203&#59; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160; &#46;05&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Sleep</span><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; PSQI global score is inversely correlated with performance in the VPA and WL tasks&#44; with poorer sleep quality being associated with poorer performance in these memory tests&#46; VPA performance was also inversely correlated with PSQI scores for subjective sleep quality&#44; sleep duration&#44; and sleep disturbances&#46; WL performance was inversely correlated with PSQI scores for subjective sleep quality and habitual sleep efficiency&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0115">Discussion</span><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our most noteworthy result was the negative effects of older age and poor sleep quality on VPA and AL performance&#44; despite age only showing an association with habitual sleep efficiency&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Lower scores on these memory tests do not necessarily reflect clinical manifestations of cognitive impairment&#44; as global cognitive performance is the end result of numerous neuronal networks that are continuously modified by plasticity mechanisms&#46;</p><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Another factor potentially involved in age-related memory impairment is the negative impact of slow-wave sleep&#46; Pruning of synapses that accumulate during the day through experience occurs during slow-wave sleep&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0145"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a> Synaptic density naturally decreases during ageing&#44; with synaptic pruning during non-REM sleep being maintained&#59; this has given rise to the theory that memory may be affected by an &#8220;over-pruning&#8221; phenomenon&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0150"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">30</span></a></p><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between level of schooling and cognition has been studied extensively&#44; with education showing a protective effect&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0155"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">31&#8211;33</span></a> promoting the formation of cognitive reserve&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0170"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#8211;40</span></a> Higher level of education also favours better performance in complex tasks through increased synaptic activity&#44; increased synaptic density in the neocortical association areas&#44; and the development of alternative neural networks&#44; enabling the creation of efficient circuits for the performance of cognitive functions through more flexible strategies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0205"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">41</span></a> The complexity of the tasks evaluated requires an efficient neural substrate that may be influenced by schooling&#44; particularly in tests involving executive function&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0165"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">33</span></a> The effect of level of schooling on memory tasks is partly explained by the executive component&#44; which may determine better processing strategies&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0160"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32&#44;35&#44;37&#44;38</span></a><span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#44;</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0210"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a></p><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">While we found sex to have a weak effect on memory&#44; other studies have shown sex-related differences in performance in tasks evaluating verbal and visuospatial memory&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> with women performing better in tasks related to verbal information&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0220"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">44&#44;45</span></a> Poor sleep quality among women is well documented&#44; and its prevalence is known to increase with age&#44; in comparison to men in the same age group&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;46&#8211;48</span></a> The most frequent problems are insomnia&#44; increased sleep latency&#44; and increased use of sleeping medication&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0115"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23</span></a></p><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The effect of sex on sleep quality may be explained by hormones and hormonal changes over the life cycle&#44; as well as morphological differences in genes controlling the circadian rhythm&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22&#44;48&#8211;50</span></a> Sex steroids organise sleep-wake cycles through their action on the hypothalamus and the orexin-hypocretin system&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49</span></a> with their receptors depending on the levels of the latter hormones in the blood&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">50</span></a> It has been reported that sleep is more sensitive to hormonal changes in women&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0230"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> whose circadian rhythm pattern is different to that of men&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">49&#44;50</span></a></p><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The association between memory and sleep has previously been reported in the literature&#46; While there is consensus that poor sleep quality affects cognitive performance and working memory&#44; few studies have addressed this association in older ages&#44; and the methodologies and results vary greatly&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0215"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43&#44;51&#8211;55</span></a> The decrease in sleep quality and memory may be related to the age-related loss of cholinergic neurons in the nucleus basalis of Meynert&#46; These neurons are responsible for sleep-wake cycles and participate in memory&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">56</span></a> Age-related sleep alterations have also been explained in relation to structural changes in the brain and decreased cortical volume&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">51</span></a> These modifications may also affect memory given the earlier ageing of prefrontal areas and their role in memory&#44; as mentioned above&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19&#44;57</span></a></p><p id="par0160" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consolidation of memory depends on sleep integrity<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52&#44;58</span></a> and the activation of connections between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex during slow-wave sleep&#46; This activation is promoted by electric rhythms characteristic of sleep&#46; During ageing&#44; changes in sleep latency&#44; more frequent awakenings&#44; and decreased slow-wave sleep and REM&#47;non-REM cycles may reduce cognitive performance and memory consolidation&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0260"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">52</span></a></p></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0120">Conclusions</span><p id="par0165" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The cross-sectional design of this study prevents us from identifying the cause of the association between sleep quality and memory&#59; however&#44; the study does provide basic and applied information&#46;</p><p id="par0170" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">From a theoretical perspective&#44; impairment in both areas &#40;cognition and sleep&#41; may reflect a neuro-endocrine imbalance associated with the disruption of circadian rhythms&#46; If this hypothesis is correct&#44; pharmacological and environmental interventions could be designed to optimise sleep-wake cycles and reduce age-related memory changes&#46;</p><p id="par0175" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Professionals caring for older people should be mindful of the harmful effect of poor sleep quality on memory&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0125">Funding</span><p id="par0180" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This study was partly funded by the <span class="elsevierStyleGrantSponsor" id="gs0005">Social Affairs department of the municipal council of Rivas-Vaciamadrid</span>&#46; It is part of Santander&#47;Universidad Complutense de Madrid research project PR75&#47;18-21661&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0130">Conflicts of interest</span><p id="par0185" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:13 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1652870"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
              "titulo" => "Objective"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
              "titulo" => "Methods"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
              "titulo" => "Results"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0020"
              "titulo" => "Conclusions"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1469500"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        2 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres1652869"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0025"
              "titulo" => "Objetivo"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0030"
              "titulo" => "M&#233;todo"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0035"
              "titulo" => "Resultados"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "abst0040"
              "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        3 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1469501"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        4 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0010"
              "titulo" => "Sleep in old age"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0015"
          "titulo" => "Methods"
          "secciones" => array:2 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Participants"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Procedure"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Results"
          "secciones" => array:4 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Sex"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Level of schooling"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Age"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Sleep"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0060"
          "titulo" => "Conclusions"
        ]
        9 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0065"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0070"
          "titulo" => "Conflicts of interest"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xack582682"
          "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        ]
        12 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2018-04-12"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2018-10-29"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1469500"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Sleep"
            1 => "Memory"
            2 => "Cognitive deficit"
            3 => "Ageing"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1469501"
          "palabras" => array:4 [
            0 => "Sue&#241;o"
            1 => "Memoria"
            2 => "D&#233;ficit cognitivo"
            3 => "Envejecimiento"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Objective</span><p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">To study the relationship between sleep quality and memory in healthy ageing&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Methods</span><p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">The study included 99 people older than 50 years &#40;69 women and 30 men&#59; mean age&#44; 68&#46;74&#160;&#177;&#160;7&#46;18 years&#41; with no associated diseases&#46; Patients completed digital versions of the Word Learning &#40;WL&#41; and Visual Paired Associates &#40;VPA&#41; tests and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index &#40;PSQI&#41; questionnaire to assess the quality of sleep&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Results</span><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">PSQI score was negatively correlated with VPA and WL test performance&#46; Performance in these 2 memory tests decreased in line with sleep quality&#46; In addition&#44; performance in VPA test was negatively correlated with subjective sleep quality&#44; duration&#44; and sleep disturbances&#46; Performance on the WL test was negatively correlated with subjective sleep quality and efficiency&#46; Participants&#8217; sex showed a weak effect on VPA performance and sleep latency&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Conclusions</span><p id="spar0040" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Medical professionals working with elderly patients should take into consideration the effect of poor sleep quality on memory&#46; Cognitive impairment in these patients may be a manifestation of a neuroendocrine imbalance due to a disrupted circadian rhythm&#46; More research is needed to prove this hypothesis&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0005"
            "titulo" => "Objective"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0010"
            "titulo" => "Methods"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0015"
            "titulo" => "Results"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0020"
            "titulo" => "Conclusions"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:3 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Objetivo</span><p id="spar0045" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se estudi&#243; la relaci&#243;n entre la calidad del sue&#241;o y la memoria en el envejecimiento sano&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">M&#233;todo</span><p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Participaron 99 personas mayores de 50 a&#241;os&#44; 69 mujeres y 30 hombres&#44; con una media de edad de 68&#44;74 a&#241;os &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">DT</span>&#160;&#61;&#160;7&#44;18&#41; y sin patolog&#237;as asociadas&#46; Se aplicaron las pruebas Aprendizaje de Palabras &#40;AP&#41; y Pares Visuales Asociados &#40;PVA&#41; mediante versiones computarizadas as&#237; como el cuestionario PSQI para evaluar la calidad del sue&#241;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Resultados</span><p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los resultados mostraron que el &#237;ndice global de calidad de sue&#241;o &#40;PSQI&#41; estaba relacionado negativamente con el rendimiento en las pruebas de pares visuales asociados y de aprendizaje de palabras&#46; A peor calidad del sue&#241;o peor rendimiento en estas dos pruebas de memoria&#46; Adem&#225;s&#44; el rendimiento en la prueba de pares visuales asociados estuvo negativamente relacionado con la calidad subjetiva de sue&#241;o&#44; la duraci&#243;n y las perturbaciones del sue&#241;o&#46; El rendimiento en la prueba de aprendizaje de palabras estuvo relacionado negativamente con la calidad subjetiva del sue&#241;o y la eficiencia&#46; Se encontr&#243; un efecto d&#233;bil del g&#233;nero de los participantes sobre el rendimiento en pares asociados y la latencia de sue&#241;o&#46;</p></span> <span id="abst0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Conclusiones</span><p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Los profesionales a cargo de personas de la tercera edad deber&#237;an tomar en consideraci&#243;n el efecto negativo de la baja calidad del sue&#241;o sobre la memoria&#46; El deterioro de la cognici&#243;n y en estos pacientes pueden ser manifestaciones del desequilibrio neuroendocrino asociado a la ruptura de los ritmos circadianos&#46; Ser&#237;a necesaria m&#225;s investigaci&#243;n para probar esta hip&#243;tesis&#46;</p></span>"
        "secciones" => array:4 [
          0 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0025"
            "titulo" => "Objetivo"
          ]
          1 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0030"
            "titulo" => "M&#233;todo"
          ]
          2 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0035"
            "titulo" => "Resultados"
          ]
          3 => array:2 [
            "identificador" => "abst0040"
            "titulo" => "Conclusiones"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "NotaPie" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "etiqueta" => "&#8902;"
        "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0015">Please cite this article as&#58; Cruz T&#44; Garc&#237;a L&#44; &#193;lvarez MA&#44; Manzanero AL&#46; Calidad del sue&#241;o y d&#233;ficit de memoria en el envejecimiento sano&#46; Neurolog&#237;a&#46; 2022&#59;37&#58;31&#8211;37&#46;</p>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:4 [
      0 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1183
            "Ancho" => 1667
            "Tamanyo" => 140645
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0005"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Association between age and Visual Paired Associates performance&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 1165
            "Ancho" => 1667
            "Tamanyo" => 132830
          ]
        ]
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0010"
            "detalle" => "Figure "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Association between age and word learning performance&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0015"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Mean</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">SD</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Memory tests</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Visual Paired Associates&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">5&#46;42&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;31&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Word Learning&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12&#46;60&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;38&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead colgroup " colspan="3" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index</span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>I&#46; Subjective sleep quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;02&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>II&#46; Sleep latency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;06&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>III&#46; Sleep duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;90&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;84&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>IV&#46; Habitual sleep efficiency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;86&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V&#46; Sleep disturbances&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;75&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VI&#46; Use of sleeping medication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;93&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;29&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>VII&#46; Daily dysfunction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;20&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">1&#46;36&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>Global score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">7&#46;22&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">4&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2809227.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Means and standard deviations for each memory test and sleep quality component&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at0020"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Visual Paired Associates</th><th class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_colgroup " colspan="3" align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Word Learning</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">r</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">n&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Age&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8722;0&#46;334<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;206<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;041&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">I&#46; Subjective sleep quality&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;213<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;035&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;231<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;021&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">II&#46; Sleep latency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;214<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;108&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;289&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">III&#46; Sleep duration&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;149&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;142&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;150&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;138&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">IV&#46; Sleep efficiency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;179&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;077&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;264<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;008&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">V&#46; Sleep disturbances&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;292<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">&#42;&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;003&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;004&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;966&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VI&#46; Sleeping medication&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;034&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;740&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;094&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;353&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">VII&#46; Daily dysfunction&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;102&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;317&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;074&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;469&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">PSQI global score&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;241<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;016&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#8211;0&#46;204<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">&#42;</a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#46;043&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab2809228.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          "notaPie" => array:2 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0005"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0005">Significant at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160;&#46;05&#46;</p>"
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "tblfn0010"
              "etiqueta" => "&#42;&#42;"
              "nota" => "<p class="elsevierStyleNotepara" id="npar0010">Significant at <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P</span>&#160;&#60;&#160;&#46;01&#46;</p>"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Correlations &#40;2-tailed Pearson coefficient&#41; between scores on memory tests and age and sleep quality components&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0005"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:58 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0005"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Standardized assessment of cognitive functioning during development and aging using an automated touchscreen battery"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;R&#46; Clark"
                            1 => "R&#46;H&#46; Paul"
                            2 => "L&#46;M&#46; Williams"
                            3 => "M&#46; Arns"
                            4 => "K&#46; Fallahpour"
                            5 => "C&#46; Handmer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.acn.2006.06.005"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Clin Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "21"
                        "paginaInicial" => "449"
                        "paginaFinal" => "467"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16904862"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0010"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Structural and functional connectivity in healthy aging&#58; associations for cognition and motor behavior"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Hirsiger"
                            1 => "V&#46; Koppelmans"
                            2 => "S&#46; M&#233;rillat"
                            3 => "F&#46; Liem"
                            4 => "B&#46; Erdeniz"
                            5 => "R&#46;D&#46; Seidler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1002/hbm.23067"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Hum Brain Mapp"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "855"
                        "paginaFinal" => "867"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26663386"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0015"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Commentary&#58; down with retirement&#58; implications of embodied cognition for healthy aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;A&#46; Miklashevsky"
                            1 => "M&#46;H&#46; Fischer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00599"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Psychol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "599"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28484406"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0020"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Preserved canonicality of the BOLD hemodynamic response reflects healthy cognition&#58; Insights into the healthy brain through the window of multiple sclerosis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46;P&#46; Turner"
                            1 => "N&#46;A&#46; Hubbard"
                            2 => "D&#46;K&#46; Sivakolundu"
                            3 => "L&#46;M&#46; Himes"
                            4 => "J&#46;L&#46; Hutchison"
                            5 => "J&#46; Hart"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:2 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "NeuroImage"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0025"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Oregon brain aging study&#58; neuropathology accompanying healthy aging in the oldest old"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "M&#46;S&#46; Green"
                            1 => "J&#46;A&#46; Kaye"
                            2 => "M&#46;J&#46; Ball"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1212/wnl.54.1.105"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurology"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "113"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10636134"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0030"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Memory for news in young and old adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "D&#46;A&#46; Frieske"
                            1 => "D&#46;C&#46; Park"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Aging"
                        "fecha" => "1999"
                        "volumen" => "14"
                        "paginaInicial" => "90"
                        "paginaFinal" => "98"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0035"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Age differences in context integration in memory"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Smith"
                            1 => "D&#46;C&#46; Park"
                            2 => "J&#46;L&#46; Earles"
                            3 => "R&#46;J&#46; Shaw"
                            4 => "W&#46;L&#46; Whiting"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1037//0882-7974.13.1.21"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Aging"
                        "fecha" => "1998"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "28"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9533187"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1470204517302462"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "14702045"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0040"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gu&#237;a para el diagn&#243;stico neuropsicol&#243;gico"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Ardila"
                            1 => "F&#46; Ostrosky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "editorial" => "American Board of Professional Neuropsychology"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Florida"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0045"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Memory abilities during normal aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Ostrosky-Solis"
                            1 => "R&#46;M&#46; Jaime"
                            2 => "A&#46; Ardila"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "1988"
                        "volumen" => "93"
                        "paginaInicial" => "151"
                        "paginaFinal" => "162"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0959804908008733"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "09598049"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0050"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive correlates of human aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "C&#46;E&#46; Coffey"
                            1 => "R&#46; Graham"
                            2 => "J&#46;A&#46; Saxton"
                            3 => "N&#46; Bryan"
                            4 => "L&#46;P&#46; Fried"
                            5 => "J&#46;F&#46; Lucke"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1176/jnp.13.4.471"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2001"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "471"
                        "paginaFinal" => "485"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11748316"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S1556086416335365"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "15560864"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0055"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of aging on efficiency of task switching in a variant of the trail making test"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "T&#46;A&#46; Salthouse"
                            1 => "J&#46; Toth"
                            2 => "K&#46; Daniels"
                            3 => "C&#46; Parks"
                            4 => "R&#46; Pak"
                            5 => "M&#46; Wolbrette"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychology"
                        "fecha" => "2000"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "102"
                        "paginaFinal" => "111"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0060"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Working memory and the Self-Ordered Pointing Task&#58; further evidence of early prefrontal decline in normal aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Daigneault"
                            1 => "C&#46;M&#46; Braun"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "1993"
                        "volumen" => "15"
                        "paginaInicial" => "881"
                        "paginaFinal" => "895"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0065"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Age-related change in cognitive funtion"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "R&#46;S&#46; Wilson"
                            1 => "D&#46;A&#46; Bennett"
                            2 => "A&#46; Swartzendruber"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "LibroEditado" => array:5 [
                        "editores" => "P&#46;D&#46;Nussbaum"
                        "titulo" => "Handbook of neuropsychology and aging"
                        "paginaInicial" => "7"
                        "paginaFinal" => "14"
                        "serieFecha" => "1997"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            13 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "14"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Neural plasticity in the ageing brain"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;N&#46; Burke"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Barnes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "30"
                        "paginaFinal" => "40"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            14 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "15"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Working Memory"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Baddeley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1986"
                        "editorial" => "Oxford University Press"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Oxford"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            15 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "16"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Senescent synapses and hippocampal circuit dynamics"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "S&#46;N&#46; Burke"
                            1 => "C&#46;A&#46; Barnes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.tins.2009.12.003"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Trend Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "153"
                        "paginaFinal" => "161"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20071039"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            16 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "17"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "An epigenetic hypothesis of aging-related cognitive dysfunction"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;R&#46; Penner"
                            1 => "T&#46;L&#46; Roth"
                            2 => "C&#46;A&#46; Barnes"
                            3 => "J&#46; Sweatt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fnagi.2010.00009"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Aging Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "2"
                        "paginaInicial" => "9"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20552047"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            17 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "18"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The ageing cortical synapse&#58; hallmarks and implications for cognitive decline"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;H&#46; Morrison"
                            1 => "M&#46;G&#46; Baxter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/nrn3200"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Nat Rev Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "240"
                        "paginaFinal" => "250"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22395804"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            18 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "19"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Impact of aging brain circuits on cognition"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "R&#46; Samson"
                            1 => "C&#46; Barnes"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/ejn.12183"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Eur J Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "37"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1903"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1915"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23773059"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            19 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "20"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Minireview&#58; the neuroendocrinology of the suprachiasmatic nucleus as a conductor of body time in mammals"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "I&#46;N&#46; Karatsoreos"
                            1 => "R&#46; Silver"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1210/en.2007-1083"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Endocrinology"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "148"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5640"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5647"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901227"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            20 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "21"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A role for androgens in regulating circadian behavior and the suprachiasmatic nucleus"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "I&#46;N&#46; Karatsoreos"
                            1 => "A&#46; Wang"
                            2 => "J&#46; Sasanian"
                            3 => "R&#46; Silver"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Endocrinology"
                        "fecha" => "2007"
                        "volumen" => "148"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5487"
                        "paginaFinal" => "5495"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            21 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "22"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Suprachiasmatic nucleus as the site of androgen action on circadian rhythms"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "Z&#46; Model"
                            1 => "M&#46;P&#46; Butler"
                            2 => "J&#46; LeSauter"
                            3 => "R&#46; Silver"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.05.007"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Horm Behav"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "73"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "7"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26012711"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            22 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "23"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Age and gender effects on the prevalence of poor sleep quality in the adult population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "J&#46;J&#46; Madrid-Valero"
                            1 => "J&#46;M&#46; Mart&#237;nez-Selva"
                            2 => "B&#46; Ribeiro do Couto"
                            3 => "J&#46;F&#46; S&#225;nchez-Romera"
                            4 => "J&#46;R&#46; Ordo&#241;ana"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.gaceta.2016.05.013"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Gac Sanit"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "18"
                        "paginaFinal" => "22"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27474487"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            23 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "24"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Normal sleep"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;W&#46; Mahowald"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Continuum &#40;Minneap Minn&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2002"
                        "paginaInicial" => "27"
                        "paginaFinal" => "50"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            24 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "25"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sleep regulation and sex hormones exposure in men and women across adulthood"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "C&#46; Lord"
                            1 => "Z&#46; Sekerovic"
                            2 => "J&#46; Carrier"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Pathol Biol &#40;Paris&#41;"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "302"
                        "paginaFinal" => "310"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            25 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "26"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Programa para la valoraci&#243;n del &#237;ndice neurocognitivo&#58; VINCI 1&#46;0"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46; &#193;lvarez"
                            1 => "G&#46; G&#243;mez-Jarabo"
                            2 => "A&#46; Reyes"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Cordero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2008"
                        "editorial" => "Instituto de Neurolog&#237;a y Neurocirug&#237;a&#44; Universidad de La Habana&#44; Universidad Aut&#243;noma de Madrid"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "La Habana-Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            26 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0135"
              "etiqueta" => "27"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Wechsler Memory Scale-revised manual"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46; Wechsler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "1987"
                        "editorial" => "Psychological Corporation"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "San Antonio"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            27 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0140"
              "etiqueta" => "28"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index&#58; a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "D&#46;J&#46; Buysse"
                            1 => "C&#46;F&#46; Reynolds"
                            2 => "T&#46;H&#46; Monk"
                            3 => "S&#46;R&#46; Berman"
                            4 => "D&#46;J&#46; Kupfer"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychiatry Res"
                        "fecha" => "1989"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "193"
                        "paginaFinal" => "213"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2748771"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            28 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0145"
              "etiqueta" => "29"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sleep and synaptic homeostasis&#58; a hypothesis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "G&#46; Tononi"
                            1 => "C&#46; Cirelli"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.brainresbull.2003.09.004"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Res Bull"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "62"
                        "paginaInicial" => "143"
                        "paginaFinal" => "150"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14638388"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            29 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0150"
              "etiqueta" => "30"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sleep&#44; memory&#44; and aging&#58; the link between slow-wave sleep and episodic memory changes from younger to older adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "M&#46;K&#46; Scullin"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1037/a0028830"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Psychol Aging"
                        "fecha" => "2013"
                        "volumen" => "28"
                        "paginaInicial" => "105"
                        "paginaFinal" => "114"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22708533"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            30 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0155"
              "etiqueta" => "31"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The effect of education on cognitive performances and its implication for the constitution of the cognitive reserve"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Le Carret"
                            1 => "S&#46; Lafont"
                            2 => "L&#46; Letenneur"
                            3 => "J&#46; Dartigues"
                            4 => "W&#46; Mayo"
                            5 => "C&#46; Fabrigoule"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Dev Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "317"
                        "paginaFinal" => "337"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            31 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0160"
              "etiqueta" => "32"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Influence of education on the benton visual retentiontest performance as mediated by a strategic search component"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "N&#46; Le Carret"
                            1 => "C&#46; Rainville"
                            2 => "N&#46; Lechevallier"
                            3 => "S&#46; Lafont"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/s0278-2626(03)00155-6"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Cogn"
                        "fecha" => "2003"
                        "volumen" => "53"
                        "paginaInicial" => "408"
                        "paginaFinal" => "411"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14607192"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            32 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0165"
              "etiqueta" => "33"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Brain and cognitive reserve&#58; Mediator&#40;s&#41; and construct validity&#44; a critique"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "P&#46; Satz"
                            1 => "M&#46; Cole"
                            2 => "O&#46; Hardy"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Rassovsky"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "33"
                        "paginaInicial" => "121"
                        "paginaFinal" => "130"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            33 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0170"
              "etiqueta" => "34"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "White matter hyperintensities and cognition&#58; testing the reserve hypothes"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Brickman"
                            1 => "K&#46;L&#46; Siedlecki"
                            2 => "J&#46; Muraskin"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Manly"
                            4 => "J&#46;A&#46; Luchsinger"
                            5 => "L&#46; Yeung"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neurol Aging"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1588"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1598"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            34 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0175"
              "etiqueta" => "35"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Predicting premorbid memory functioning in older adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Duff"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/09084282.2010.525113"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Appl Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2010"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "278"
                        "paginaFinal" => "282"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21154041"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            35 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0180"
              "etiqueta" => "36"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Conceptual and measurement challenges in research on cognitive reserve"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "R&#46;N&#46; Jones"
                            1 => "J&#46; Manly"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Glymour"
                            3 => "D&#46;M&#46; Rentz"
                            4 => "A&#46;L&#46; Jefferson"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Stern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1017/S1355617710001748"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Int Neuropsychol Soc"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "17"
                        "paginaInicial" => "593"
                        "paginaFinal" => "601"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21411036"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            36 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0185"
              "etiqueta" => "37"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Supporting performance in the face of age-related neural changes&#58; testing mechanistic roles of cognitive reserve"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Steffener"
                            1 => "A&#46; Reuben"
                            2 => "B&#46;C&#46; Rakitin"
                            3 => "Y&#46; Stern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s11682-011-9125-4"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Imaging Behav"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "5"
                        "paginaInicial" => "212"
                        "paginaFinal" => "221"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21607547"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            37 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0190"
              "etiqueta" => "38"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Exploring the neural basis of cognitive reserve in aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Steffener"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Stern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.bbadis.2011.09.012"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Biochem Biophys Acta"
                        "fecha" => "2012"
                        "volumen" => "1822"
                        "paginaInicial" => "467"
                        "paginaFinal" => "473"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21982946"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            38 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0195"
              "etiqueta" => "39"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive reserve"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "Y&#46; Stern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2009"
                        "volumen" => "47"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2015"
                        "paginaFinal" => "2028"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            39 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0200"
              "etiqueta" => "40"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cognitive reserve in aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;M&#46; Tucker"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Stern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Curr Alzheimer Res"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "354"
                        "paginaFinal" => "360"
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0923753419355681"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "09237534"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            40 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0205"
              "etiqueta" => "41"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "La memoria humana"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Manzanero"
                            1 => "M&#46;A&#46; &#193;lvarez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Libro" => array:3 [
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "editorial" => "Pir&#225;mide"
                        "editorialLocalizacion" => "Madrid"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            41 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0210"
              "etiqueta" => "42"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The multi-component model of working memory&#58; explorations in experimental cognitive psychology"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "A&#46;D&#46; Baddeley"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.12.061"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Neuroscience"
                        "fecha" => "2006"
                        "volumen" => "139"
                        "paginaInicial" => "5"
                        "paginaFinal" => "21"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16517088"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            42 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0215"
              "etiqueta" => "43"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sex-related differences in the effects of sleep habits on verbal and visuospatial working memory"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "S&#46; Nakagawa"
                            1 => "H&#46; Takeuchi"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Taki"
                            3 => "R&#46; Nouchi"
                            4 => "A&#46; Sekiguchi"
                            5 => "Y&#46; Kotozaki"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01128"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Psychol"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1128"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27516751"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S155608641733071X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "15560864"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            43 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0220"
              "etiqueta" => "44"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sex differences in intelligence&#46; Implications for education"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "D&#46;F&#46; Halpern"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1037//0003-066x.52.10.1091"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Am Psychol"
                        "fecha" => "1997"
                        "volumen" => "52"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1091"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1102"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9329293"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            44 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0225"
              "etiqueta" => "45"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "A male advantage for spatial and object but not verbal working memory using the n-back task"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "L&#46; Lejbak"
                            1 => "M&#46; Crossley"
                            2 => "M&#46; Vrbancic"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Cogn"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "76"
                        "paginaInicial" => "191"
                        "paginaFinal" => "196"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            45 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0230"
              "etiqueta" => "46"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Exploring sex and gender differences in sleep health&#58; a society for women&#8217;s health research report"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46;P&#46; Mallampalli"
                            1 => "C&#46;L&#46; Carter"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Womens Health"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "553"
                        "paginaFinal" => "562"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            46 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0235"
              "etiqueta" => "47"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sex differences in sleep&#58; impact of biological sex and sex steroids"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mong"
                            1 => "D&#46;M&#46; Cusmano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1098/rstb.2015.0334"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Phil Trans R Soc B"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "371"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27481786"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0885392412002461"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "08853924"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            47 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0240"
              "etiqueta" => "48"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Gender and regional differences in sleep quality and insomnia&#58; a general population-based study in Hunan province of China"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; Tang"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Liao"
                            2 => "B&#46;C&#46; Kelly"
                            3 => "L&#46; Xie"
                            4 => "Y&#46; Xiang"
                            5 => "C&#46; Qi"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1038/srep43690"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sci Rep"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "7"
                        "paginaInicial" => "43690"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28262807"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            48 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0245"
              "etiqueta" => "49"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sex differences in circadian timing systems&#58; implications for disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Bailey"
                            1 => "R&#46; Silvera"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Front Neuroendocrinol"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "35"
                        "paginaInicial" => "111"
                        "paginaFinal" => "139"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            49 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0250"
              "etiqueta" => "50"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sleep&#44; rhythms&#44; and the endocrine brain&#58; influence of sex and gonadal hormones"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46;A&#46; Mong"
                            1 => "F&#46;C&#46; Bajker"
                            2 => "M&#46;M&#46; Mahoney"
                            3 => "K&#46;N&#46; Paul"
                            4 => "M&#46;D&#46; Schwartz"
                            5 => "K&#46; Semba"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4175-11.2011"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Neurosci"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "31"
                        "paginaInicial" => "16107"
                        "paginaFinal" => "16116"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22072663"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            50 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0255"
              "etiqueta" => "51"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Objective but not subjective sleep predicts memory in community-dwelling older adults"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Cavuoto"
                            1 => "B&#46; Ong"
                            2 => "K&#46;E&#46; Pike"
                            3 => "C&#46;L&#46; Nicholas"
                            4 => "B&#46; Bei"
                            5 => "G&#46;J&#46; Kinsella"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/jsr.12391"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Sleep Res"
                        "fecha" => "2016"
                        "volumen" => "25"
                        "paginaInicial" => "475"
                        "paginaFinal" => "485"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26868539"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            51 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0260"
              "etiqueta" => "52"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Does age worsen sleep-dependent memory consolidation&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Cherdieu"
                            1 => "E&#46; Reynaud"
                            2 => "J&#46; Uhlrich"
                            3 => "R&#46; Versace"
                            4 => "S&#46; Mazza"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/jsr.12100"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Sleep Res"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "23"
                        "paginaInicial" => "53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "60"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24251387"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            52 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0265"
              "etiqueta" => "53"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Effects of sleep reduction on the phonological and visuospatial components of working memory"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => true
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "J&#46; del Angel"
                            1 => "J&#46; Cortez"
                            2 => "D&#46; Ju&#225;rez"
                            3 => "M&#46; Guerrero"
                            4 => "A&#46; Garc&#237;a"
                            5 => "C&#46; Ram&#237;rez"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.slsci.2015.06.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Sleep Sci"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "8"
                        "paginaInicial" => "68"
                        "paginaFinal" => "74"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26483947"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            53 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0270"
              "etiqueta" => "54"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Cross-sectional study of sleep quantity and quality and amnestic and non-amnestic cognitive function in an ageing population&#58; the English longitudinal study of ageing &#40;ELSA&#41;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "M&#46;A&#46; Miller"
                            1 => "H&#46; Wright"
                            2 => "C&#46; Ji"
                            3 => "F&#46;P&#46; Cappuccio"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1371/journal.pone.0115697"
                      "Revista" => array:4 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "PLoS One"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "9"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25551375"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            54 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0275"
              "etiqueta" => "55"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The impact of sleep on neuropsychological performance in cognitively intact older adults using a novel in-home sensor-based sleep assessment approach"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "A&#46; Seelye"
                            1 => "N&#46; Mattek"
                            2 => "D&#46; Howieson"
                            3 => "T&#46; Riley"
                            4 => "K&#46; Wild"
                            5 => "J&#46; Kaye"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1080/13854046.2015.1005139"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Neuropsychol"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "29"
                        "paginaInicial" => "53"
                        "paginaFinal" => "66"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25642948"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0140673615012817"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            55 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0280"
              "etiqueta" => "56"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Wake-active neurons across aging and neurodegeneration&#58; a potential role for sleep disturbances in promoting disease"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "A&#46;L&#46; Stern"
                            1 => "N&#46; Naidoo"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/2193-1801-4-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Springerplus"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "4"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1"
                        "paginaFinal" => "13"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25674489"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            56 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0285"
              "etiqueta" => "57"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Morphological changes in nerve cells during normal aging"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:1 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Pannese"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s00429-011-0308-y"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Brain Struct Funct"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "216"
                        "paginaInicial" => "85"
                        "paginaFinal" => "89"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21431333"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S014067361460845X"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "01406736"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            57 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0290"
              "etiqueta" => "58"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Sleep-dependent memory consolidation and accelerated forgetting"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "K&#46;E&#46; Atherton"
                            1 => "A&#46;C&#46; Nobre"
                            2 => "A&#46;Z&#46; Zeman"
                            3 => "C&#46;R&#46; Butler"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.cortex.2014.02.009"
                      "Revista" => array:7 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Cortex"
                        "fecha" => "2014"
                        "volumen" => "54"
                        "paginaInicial" => "92"
                        "paginaFinal" => "105"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24657478"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                        "itemHostRev" => array:3 [
                          "pii" => "S0885392416312131"
                          "estado" => "S300"
                          "issn" => "08853924"
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "agradecimientos" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "identificador" => "xack582682"
        "titulo" => "Acknowledgements"
        "texto" => "<p id="par0190" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We are grateful to the El Parque and Concepci&#243;n Arenal centres in Rivas-Vaciamadrid for their collaboration&#44; and to all the users who volunteered to participate in the study&#46;</p>"
        "vista" => "all"
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/21735808/0000003700000001/v1_202201220534/S2173580821001346/v1_202201220534/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "9491"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Original Articles"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/21735808/0000003700000001/v1_202201220534/S2173580821001346/v1_202201220534/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S2173580821001346?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]
Article information
ISSN: 21735808
Original language: English
The statistics are updated each day
Year/Month Html Pdf Total
2024 November 12 1 13
2024 October 113 42 155
2024 September 76 16 92
2024 August 70 39 109
2024 July 90 15 105
2024 June 59 16 75
2024 May 64 24 88
2024 April 76 31 107
2024 March 153 32 185
2024 February 121 26 147
2024 January 86 25 111
2023 December 118 33 151
2023 November 122 60 182
2023 October 162 87 249
2023 September 79 25 104
2023 August 52 23 75
2023 July 71 11 82
2023 June 115 30 145
2023 May 163 34 197
2023 April 111 20 131
2023 March 68 26 94
2023 February 54 26 80
2023 January 64 31 95
2022 December 90 6 96
2022 November 88 19 107
2022 October 75 18 93
2022 September 67 9 76
2022 August 45 8 53
2022 July 26 11 37
2022 June 34 6 40
2022 May 48 16 64
2022 April 64 15 79
2022 March 64 25 89
2022 February 91 32 123
2022 January 71 9 80
2021 December 60 12 72
2021 November 40 20 60
2021 October 48 11 59
2021 September 12 2 14
Show all

Follow this link to access the full text of the article

es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos