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Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Differential Diagnosis of Encephalitis due to Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibodies
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Vol. 25. Issue 7.
Pages 409-413 (January 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 7.
Pages 409-413 (January 2010)
Original Article
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Differential Diagnosis of Encephalitis due to Anti-NMDA Receptor Antibodies
Diagnóstico diferencial en la encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor NMDA
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J. González-Valcárcel, M.R. Rosenfeld, J. Dalmau
Corresponding author
josep.dalmau@uphs.upenn.edu

Corresponding author.
Departament of Neurology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, United States
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Article information
Abstract
Introduction

Anti-NMDA receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis usually develops as a multistage syndrome with a broad differential diagnosis.

Patients

We report 2 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis and a clinical picture typical of this disorder but whose initial evaluation suggested other aetiologies.

Discussion

The frequent development of this disorder in young individuals presenting with psychiatric manifestations often suggests other diagnostic possibilities, most commonly viral encephalitis, psychiatric disorders, and neuroleptic malignant syndrome. In addition, several less clearly defined syndromes or descriptively reported disorders in adult and paediatric patients were likely cases of anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Conclusions

Anti-NMDAR encephalitis should be considered in young individuals with subacute presentation of psychiatric symptoms, abnormal movements, and autonomic dysfunction. The clinical and immunological characterization of this disorder has lead to the identification of new antibodies that affect memory, learning, behaviour and psychosis.

Keywords:
Encephalitis
Antibodies
NMDA receptor
Differential diagnosis
Resumen
Introducción

La encefalitis por anticuerpos contra el receptor de NMDA (NMDAR) suele desarrollarse como un síndrome característico de evolución multifásica y diagnóstico diferencial amplio.

Pacientes

Presentamos a 2 pacientes diagnosticadas de encefalitis por anticuerpos NMDAR con un cuadro clínico típico, pero que inicialmente señaló otras etiologías. Discusión: La afectación frecuente de pacientes jóvenes con manifestaciones psiquiátricas prominentes indica frecuentemente otras consideraciones diagnósticas; las más frecuentes son las encefalitis virales, los procesos psiquiátricos y el síndrome neuroléptico maligno. Varios síndromes previamente definidos de manera parcial o descriptiva en adultos y pacientes pediátricos probablemente eran casos de encefalitis anti-NMDAR.

Conclusiones

La encefalitis anti-NMDAR debe considerarse en pacientes jóvenes con manifestaciones psiquiátricas subagudas, movimientos anormales y alteraciones autonómicas. La caracterización clínica e inmunológica de esta enfermedad ha llevado a la identificación de nuevos anticuerpos que afectan a procesos de memoria, aprendizaje, conducta y psicosis.

Palabras clave:
encefalitis
Anticuerpos
Receptor NMDA
Diagnóstico diferencial
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