metricas
covid
Buscar en
Neurología (English Edition)
Toda la web
Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Multimodal neurophysiological study of SCA2 and SCA3 autosomal dominant heredita...
Journal Information
Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 157-165 (January 2011)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 26. Issue 3.
Pages 157-165 (January 2011)
Original Article
Full text access
Multimodal neurophysiological study of SCA2 and SCA3 autosomal dominant hereditary spinocerebellar ataxias
Estudio neurofisiológico multimodal en las ataxias espinocerebelosas con herencia autosómica dominante de tipo SCA2 y SCA3
Visits
1607
S. Álvarez-Paradeloa,
Corresponding author
doctoraparadelo@hotmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Garcíaa, J. Infanteb, J. Bercianob
a Servicio de Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Santander, Spain
b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla (IFIMAV), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
This item has received
Article information
Abstract
Background

The spinocerebellar ataxias (SCA) are a group of genetic neurodegenerative diseases, clinically and pathologically heterogeneous, characterized by slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia.

Objective

To identify the neural pathways affected neurophysiologically, correlate the findings with the size of CAG expansion and determine the contribution of neurophysiological studies in the differential diagnosis of the two most prevalent genotypes in Spain, SCA2 and SCA3.

Method

We examined 10 SCA2 and 12 SCA3 patients by electromyography, electroneurography motor and sensory, multimodal evoked potentials, transcranial magnetic stimulation, blink reflex and masseter reflex. In the statistical analysis linear regression studies were performed, and the Spearman correlation coefficient and nonparametric test U of Mann-Whitney calculated.

Results

We detected the presence of a predominantly sensory neuropathy in most SCA2 patients and in a minority of SCA3 patients; the central somatosensory pathway showed significant defects in both populations. We recorded a high incidence of brain-stem electrophysiological abnormalities in SCA2 patients; in particular, the masseter reflex was abnormal in all SCA2 patients, remaining intact in all SCA3 patients. The study of cortico-spinal pathway showed a greater percentage of abnormalities in both populations than in previous studies.

Conclusion

SCA2 is a model of sensory neuronopathy with central and peripheral axonopathy. Studies of brain-stem pathways show a higher incidence of abnormalities in SCA2 patients. SCA3 patients show major changes in the central somatosensory pathway with relative normality of the electroneurography. The masseter reflex was the most useful test in the differential diagnosis between both genotypes.

Keywords:
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Blink reflex
Electroneurography
Multimodal evoked potentials
Masseter reflex
SCA2 and SCA3
Resumen
Introducción

Las ataxias espinocerebelosas (SCA) son un grupo de enfermedades neurodegenerativas genética, clínica y patológicamente heterogéneo, caracterizado por presentar una ataxia cerebelosa lentamente progresiva.

Objetivo

Identificar las vías nerviosas neurofisiológicamente afectadas, correlacionar los hallazgos con el tamaño de la expansión CAG y determinar la contribución del estudio neurofisiológico al diagnóstico diferencial de los dos genotipos más prevalentes en España, SCA2 y SCA3.

Método

Hemos examinado 10 pacientes SCA2 y 12 SCA3 mediante electromiografía, electroneurografía motora y sensitiva, potenciales evocados multimodales, estimulación magnética transcraneal, reflejo de parpadeo y mandibular. En el análisis estadístico empleamos estudios de regresión lineal, coeficiente de correlación de Spearman y el test no paramétrico “U de Mann-Whitney”.

Resultados

Detectamos anomalías compatibles con una neuronopatía sensitiva con axonopatía periférica en la mayoría de pacientes SCA2 y en una minoría de SCA3; la vía somatosensorial central presentó abundantes anomalías en ambas poblaciones. Registramos importantes alteraciones tronco-encefálicas en SCA2; particularmente, el reflejo maseterino estuvo alterado en todos los pacientes SCA2, manteniéndose intacto en los SCA3. El estudio de la vía córtico-espinal demostró un mayor porcentaje de anomalías en ambas poblaciones que estudios previos.

Conclusiones

SCA2 es un modelo electrofisiológico sugestivo de una neuronopatía sensitiva con axonopatía periférica y central. Los estudios de las vías tronco-encefálicas demuestran una mayor incidencia de alteraciones en los pacientes SCA2. En los pacientes SCA3 se observaron importantes alteraciones de la vía somatosensorial central con relativa normalidad del estudio electroneurográfico. El reflejo mandibular fue el test de mayor utilidad en el diagnóstico diferencial de ambos genotipos.

Palabras clave:
Ataxia espinocerebelosa
Electroneurografía
Potenciales evocados multimodales
Reflejo mandibular
Reflejo de parpadeo
SCA2 y SCA3
Full text is only aviable in PDF
References
[1.]
A.E. Harding.
The clinical features and classification of the late onset autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias: a study of eleven families, including descendants of the “Drew family of Walworth”.
Brain, 105 (1982), pp. 1-28
[2.]
M.A. Pujana, J. Corral, M. Gratacós, O. Combarros, J. Berciano, D. Genis.
Spinocerebellar ataxias in Spanish patients: genetic analysis of familial and sporadic cases.
Hum Genet., 104 (1999), pp. 516-522
[3.]
S.H. Subramony, P.J.S. Vig, D.O. McDaniel.
Dominantly inherited ataxias.
Semin Neurol., 19 (1999), pp. 419-425
[4.]
A.M. Dueñas, R. Goold, P. Giunti.
Molecular pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxias.
Brain., 129 (2006), pp. 1357-1370
[5.]
J. Infante, O. Combarros, V. Volpini, J. Corral, J. Llorca, J. Berciano.
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias in Spain: molecular and clinical correlations, prevalence estimation and survival analysis.
Acta Neurol Scand, 111 (2005), pp. 391-399
[6.]
D.C. Preston, B.E. Shapiro.
Electromyography and neuromuscular disorders.
2nd ed, Elsevier, (1998),
[7.]
K.H. Chiappa.
Evoked potentials in clinical medicine.
2nd ed, Raven Press, (1990),
[8.]
P.M. Rossini, A.T. Barker, A. Berardelli, M.D. Caramia, G. Caruso, R.Q. Cracco, et al.
Non-invasive electrical and magnetic stimulation of the brain, spinal cord and roots: basic principles and procedures for routine clinical application.
Electroencephalograph Clin Neurophysiol, 91 (1994), pp. 79-92
[9.]
J. Calleja, E. Valle.
Conducción motora central y periférica. Estudio de un grupo control mediante estimulación magnética.
Rev Neurofisiol Clin., 6 (1993), pp. 125-134
[10.]
J. Kimura, J.M. Powers, M.W. Van Allen.
Reflex responses of the orbicularis oculi muscle to supraorbital nerve stimulation: study in normal subjects and in peripheral facial nerve paresis.
Arch Neurol., 21 (1969), pp. 193
[11.]
G. Cruccu, M. Inghilleri, B. Fraioli, B. Guidetti, M. Manfredi.
Neurophysiologic assessment of trigeminal function after surgery for trigeminal neuralgia.
Neurology., 37 (1987), pp. 631-638
[12.]
A. Rossi, G. Ciacci, A. Federico, M. Mondelli, N. Rizzuto.
Sensory and motor peripeheral neuropathy in olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Acta Neurol Scand., 73 (1986), pp. 363-371
[13.]
L. Carenini, G. Finocchiaro, S. Di Donato, A. Visciani, S. Negri.
Electromyography and nerve conduction study in autosomal dominant olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
J Neurol., 231 (1984), pp. 34-37
[14.]
J.G. McLeod, W.A. Evans.
Peripheral neuropathy in spinocerebellar degenerations.
Muscle Nerve., 4 (1981), pp. 51-61
[15.]
R.H. Bennett, P. Ludvigson, G. DeLeon, G. Berry.
Large-fiber sensory neuronopathy in autosomal dominant spinocerebellar degeneration.
Arch Neurol., 41 (1984), pp. 175-178
[16.]
A. Cruz-Martínez, B. Anciones, M.T. Ferrer, E. Díez Tejedor, M.C. Pérez Conde, P. Barreiro.
Electrophysiologic study in olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Electromyogr Clin Neurophysiol., 27 (1987), pp. 67-71
[17.]
L. Velázquez, E. Medina.
Evaluación neurofisiológica en pacientes afectados por ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 2.
Rev Neurol., 27 (1998), pp. 921-926
[18.]
L. Velázquez, E. Medina.
Características electrofisológicas en familiares asintomáticos de enfermos con ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 2.
Rev Neurol., 160 (1998), pp. 955-963
[19.]
L. Velázquez, E. Medina, A. Álvarez, N. Santo, R. García, N. Oliveros, et al.
Estudio clínico-neurofisiológico de 70 enfermos con ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 2.
Rev Neurol., 30 (2000), pp. 109-115
[20.]
B.P. Van de Warrenburg, N.C. Notermans, H.J. Schelhaas, N. Van Alfen, R. Sinke, N.V. Knoers, et al.
Peripheral nerve involvement in spinocerebellar ataxias.
Arch Neurol., 61 (2004), pp. 257-261
[21.]
J. Berciano.
Olivopontocerebellar atrophy. A review of 117 cases.
J Neurol Sci., 53 (1982), pp. 253-272
[22.]
S. Chokroverty, R.C. Duvoisin, R. Sachdeo, K. Sayen, F. Lepore, W. Nicklas.
Neurophysiologic study of olivopontocerebellar atrophy with or without glutamate dihydrogenase deficiency.
Neurology., 35 (1985), pp. 652-659
[23.]
E. Colding-Jorgensen, S.A. Sorensen, L. Hasholt, M. Lauritzen.
Electrophysiological findings in a Danish family with Machado-Joseph disease.
[24.]
T. Klockgether, L. Schöls, M. Abele, K. Bürk, H. Topka, F. Andres, et al.
Age related axonal neuropathy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3/Machado-Joseph disease (SCA3/MJD).
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry., 66 (1999), pp. 222-224
[25.]
B. Soong, K. Liu.
Correlation of peripheral nerve fiber loss and trinucleotide repeats in Machado-Joseph disease.
Can J Neurol Sci., 25 (1998), pp. 59-63
[26.]
J. Arpa, J. García-Planells, R. Soler, A. Cruz-Martínez, M.J. de Sarria-Lucas, R. López-Pajares, et al.
Enfermedad de Machado- Joseph en una familia española: datos neurofisiológicos y estudio de la neuropatía.
Neurología., 15 (2000), pp. 213-221
[27.]
L. Velázquez, L. Almaguer-Mederos, N. Santos-Falcón, R. Hechevarría-Pupo, G. Sánchez-Cruz, M. Paneque-Herrera.
Ataxia espinocerebelosa tipo 2 en Cuba, Estudio del fenotipo electrofisiológico y su correlación con las variables clínicas y moleculares.
Rev Neurol., 12 (2001), pp. 1129-1136
[28.]
A. Perretti, L. Santoro, B. Lanzillo, A. Filla, G. De Michele, F. Barbieri, et al.
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I: multimodal electrophysiological study and comparison between SCA1 and SCA2 patients.
J Neurol Sci., 142 (1996), pp. 45-53
[29.]
M. Abele, K. Bürk, R. Andres, H. Topka, F. Laccone, S. Bösch, et al.
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I. Nerve conduction and evoked potential studies in families with SCA1, SCA2 and SCA3.
Brain., 120 (1997), pp. 2141-2148
[30.]
A. Dürr, D. Smadja, G. Cancel, A. Lezin, G. Stevanin, J. Mikol, et al.
Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia type I in Martinique (French West Indies). Clinical and neuropathological analysis of 53 patients from three unrelated SCA2 families.
Brain., 118 (1995), pp. 1573-1581
[31.]
U. Rub, C. Schultz, K. Tredici, K. Gierga, G. Reifenberger, R.A. de Vos, et al.
Anatomically based guidelines for systematic investigation of the central somatosensory system and their application to a spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) patient.
Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol., 29 (2003), pp. 418-433
[32.]
Y. Takiyama, S. Oyanagi, S. Kawashima, H. Sakamoto, K. Saito, M. Yoshida, et al.
A clinical and pathological study of a large Japanese family with Machado-Joseph disease tightly linked to the DNA markers on chromosome 14q.
Neurology., 44 (1994), pp. 1302-1308
[33.]
A. Dürr, G. Stevanin, G. Cancel, C. Duyckaerts, N. Abbas, O. Didierjean, et al.
Spinocerebellar ataxia 3 and Machado-Joseph disease: clinical, molecular and neuropathological features.
Ann Neurol., 39 (1996), pp. 490-499
[34.]
L. Schöls, G. Amoiridis, M. Langkafel, S. Schöls, H. Przuntek.
Motor evoked potentials in the spinocerebellar ataxias type 1 and type 3.
Muscle Nerve., 20 (1997), pp. 226-228
[35.]
T. Yokota, H. Sasaki, K. Iwabuchi, T. Shiojiri, A. Yoshino, A. Otagiri, et al.
Electrophysiological features of central motor conduction in spinocerebellar atrophy type 1, type 2, and Machado-Joseph disease.
J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry., 65 (1998), pp. 530-534
[36.]
S. Giuffrida, R. Saponara, D.A. Restivo, A. Tovato Salinaro, L. Tomarchio, P. Pugliares, et al.
Supratentorial atrophy in spinocerebellar ataxia type 2: MRI study of 20 patients.
J Neurol., 246 (1999), pp. 383-388
[37.]
R. Estrada, J. Galarraga, G. Orozco, A. Nordase, G. Auburger.
Spinocerebellar ataxia 2 (SCA2): morphometric analyses in 11 autopsies.
Acta Neuropathol (Berl)., 97 (1999), pp. 306-310
[38.]
A. García, S. Álvarez, J. Infante, J. Berciano.
Masseter reflex in the study of spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 and type 3.
Muscle Nerve., 40 (2009), pp. 640-642
[39.]
B.W. Ongerboer de Visser.
Trigemino-facial and trigemino-trigeminal reflex circuits.
Brainstem reflexes and functions, pp. 67-77
[40.]
T. Kanda, E. Isozaki, S. Kato, H. Tanabe, M. Oda Type III.
Machado-Joseph disease in a Japanese family: a clinicopathological study with special reference to the peripheral nervous system.
Clin Neuropathol., 8 (1989), pp. 134-141
[41.]
A. Kinoshita, M. Hayashi, M. Oda, H. Tanabe.
Clinicopathological study of the peripheral nervous system in Machado-Joseph disease.
J Neurol Sci., 130 (1995), pp. 48-58
[42.]
J. Valls-Solé, J.-S. Lou, M. Hallett.
Brainstem reflexes in patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy.
Muscle Nerve., 17 (1994), pp. 1439-1448

This paper has been funded by the Health Research Fund (FIS PI07/1323E) and EUROSCA.

Copyright © 2011. Sociedad Española de Neurología
Download PDF
Article options
es en pt

¿Es usted profesional sanitario apto para prescribir o dispensar medicamentos?

Are you a health professional able to prescribe or dispense drugs?

Você é um profissional de saúde habilitado a prescrever ou dispensar medicamentos