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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 51-57 (January - February 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 1.
Pages 51-57 (January - February 2010)
Review article
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Psychogenic tremor: a positive diagnosis
Temblor psicógeno: un diagnóstico en positivo
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2452
L. Redondoa,
Corresponding author
lredondov@meditex.es

Author for correspondence.
, Y. Morgadob, E. Durána
a Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Juan Ramón Jiménez, Huelva, Spain
b Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, Spain
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Article information
Abstract

Psychogenic movement disorders are a daily challenge for the neurologist. A mistake in its recognition may have important consequences for the patients. As a result, the diagnosis must be considered very carefully in clinical practice. However, psychogenic movement disorders are not unusual, are mainly tremors, and a wrong diagnosis is common. Psychogenic is an unspecific term that usually masks the real mental disorder, and should be called somatoform disorders, factitious disorders, malingering, depression, anxiety and histrionic personality disorder, although the absence of a psychiatric diagnosis does not preclude a psychogenic cause. The diagnosis may often be difficult and should be made by an expert neurologist. Organic movement disorders must be excluded after a detailed neurological history, examination, and appropriate diagnostic studies. Psychogenic tremor is not only a diagnosis of exclusion, it can be diagnosed positively by its neurological signs, mainly: variability in frequency and amplitude, bilateral and sudden onset, non-progressive with frequent remissions, absence of finger, tongue or face tremor and coactivation of antagonistic muscles. Several tests can be useful in diagnosis, such as: accelerometry, EMG and response to placebo or suggestion. The treatment requires close cooperation between the medical team and patient. The problem must never be minimised and early diagnosis and treatment must be attempted.

Keywords:
Movement disorders
Tremor
Psychogenic
Somatoform
Depression
Resumen

Los trastornos del movimiento psicógenos constituyen un reto cotidiano para el neurólogo. Un reconocimiento erróneo puede tener importantes consecuencias, por consiguiente este diagnóstico debe considerarse con mucha cautela en la práctica clínica. Sin embargo, los trastornos del movimiento psicógenos no son raros, especialmente el temblor y los errores diagnósticos frecuentes. El término psicógeno es inespecífico y oculta el verdadero trastorno mental que suele ser un trastorno somatomorfo, facticio, simulación, depresión, ansiedad o un trastorno histriónico de la personalidad, aunque la ausencia de un diagnóstico psiquiátrico no descarte la causa psicógena. El diagnóstico es difícil y debe realizarlo un neurólogo experto. Los trastornos del movimiento orgánicos deben excluirse tras una historia detallada, el examen clínico y las pruebas complementarias. El temblor psicógeno no es sólo un diagnóstico de exclusión, se puede diagnosticar en positivo por sus signos clínicos: variabilidad en frecuencia y amplitud, comienzo súbito y bilateral, no progresivo con frecuentes remisiones, nunca afecta a los dedos, lengua o cara y por la coactivación de los músculos antagonistas. Diversas pruebas pueden ser útiles en el diagnóstico, como: acelerometría, electromiograma y respuesta al placebo o la sugestión. El tratamiento requiere una estrecha comunicación entre el equipo médico multidisciplinario y el paciente. Nunca hay que minimizar el problema y siempre intentar un diagnóstico y un tratamiento precoces.

Palabras clave:
Trastornos del movimiento
Temblor
Psicógeno
Somatomorfo
Depresión
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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