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Inicio Neurología (English Edition) Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in tuberous sclerosis complex. A presentatio...
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Vol. 25. Issue 5.
Pages 314-321 (January 2010)
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Vol. 25. Issue 5.
Pages 314-321 (January 2010)
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Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma in tuberous sclerosis complex. A presentation of eight paediatric patients
Astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes en el complejo de esclerosis tuberosa. Presentación de ocho pacientes infantiles
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I. Pascual-Castroviejoa,
Corresponding author
, S.I. Pascual-Pascuala, R. Velázquez-Fraguaa, J. Viañob, F. Carcellerc, J.L. Hernández-Moneoc, M. Gutiérrez-Molinad, C. Moralesd
a Servicio de Neurología Pediátrica, H.U. La Paz, Madrid, Spain
b Unidad de Imagen, Sanatorio Nuestra Señora del Rosario, Madrid, Spain
c Servicio de Neurocirugía, H.U. La Paz, Madrid, Spain
d Servicio de Neuropatología, H.I. La Paz, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Objective

Presentation of 8 patients with subependymal giant-cell astrocytomas (SGCA) associated with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC).

Material and methods

There are 8 patients, 6 males and 2 females with TSC, who presented with the tumour between the neonatal period and 24 years.

Results

All patients showed bilateral hypersignalised areas in zones close to the foramen of Monro. Three of the patients were admitted urgently due to blindness and increased intracranial pressure. Incomplete removal of the tumour has always been bad solution as it resulted in the death of the patient (in one case) or further surgery operation in the short term. Only one patient developed the tumour suddenly from pre-existing subependymal nodules from the childhood and they had to be removed at 24 years of age. By contrast, 32 patients with TSC and images of subependymal nodules whose CT or MR progress was followed up for between 10 and 30 years did not develop a tumour. One patient had to be operated four times over 20 years.

Conclusions

SGCA associated with TSC is a severe complication which as likely to develop and careful monitoring is required from neonatal age with periodic-clinical and imaging studies in order to avoid its irreversible complications. Hydrocephaly, blindness and even the death can be the main consequences. Reintervention of the recurrent tumour is often necessary.

Keywords:
Subependymal giant-cell astrocytoma
Tuberous sclerosis complex
Blindness
Headache
Hydrocephalus
Resumen
Objetivo

Presentar 8 pacientes con astrocitomas subependimarios de células gigantes (ASGC) en relación con el complejo de esclerosis tuberosa (CET).

Material y métodos

Ocho pacientes, 6 varones y 2 mujeres, con CET, que desarrollaron el tumor entre la etapa neonatal y los 24 años.

Resultados

Todos mostraban áreas localizadas bilaterales de hiperseñal, en zonas próximas a los foramina de Monro. Tres ingresaron urgentemente con ceguera e hipertensión intracraneal. La extirpación parcial del tumor fue siempre una mala solución ya que acabó en reintervenciones a corto, medio o largo plazo o en la muerte de un paciente. Sólo en un caso vimos desarrollarse el tumor desde las zonas de hiperseñal subependimaria a partir de la preadolescencia para acabar en extirpación a los 24 años, mientras que 32 pacientes a los que se siguió la evolución de estas zonas de hiperseñal entre 10 y 30 años no desarrollaron tumor. Un paciente tuvo que ser operado cuatro veces a lo largo de 20 años por recidiva del tumor; se extirpó otro ASGC en el lado contralateral al mismo tiempo de la cuarta intervención en el lado del tumor primitivo. Otros 2 pacientes también mostraron recidiva y tuvieron que ser reintervenidos del tumor.

Conclusiones

El ASGC en relación con CET es una complicación grave cuya posibilidad de desarrollo hay que controlar cuidadosamente desde la época neonatal, con estudios periódicos clínicos y de imagen, para evitar sus complicaciones irreversibles. La hidrocefalia, la ceguera e incluso la muerte pueden ser sus consecuencias. La reintervención de tumores recidivados a menudo es necesaria.

Palabras clave:
Astrocitoma subependimario de células gigantes
Complejo de esclerosis tuberosa
Ceguera
Cefalea
Hidrocefalia
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Copyright © 2010. Sociedad Española de Neurología
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