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Liposarcoma of the Anterior Mediastinum Leading to Hemodynamic Compromise
Liposarcoma de mediastino anterior que provoca deterioro hemodinámico
Ana Casala,
Corresponding author
ana.casal.mourino@sergas.es

Corresponding author.
, Mª Elena Toubesa, Anxo Martínez de Alegría Alonsob, Luis Valdésa,c
a Pneumology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
b Radiology Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
c Pneumology Interdisciplinary Research Group, Santiago de Compostela Health Research Institute (IDIS), Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;A&#41; Thorax CT &#40;coronal&#41; with intravenous contrast that shows a well limited tumor in anterior mediastinum &#40;12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm&#41; with compression of the heart &#40;black arrows&#41; that has a hypodense cental area suggestive of fatty tissue &#40;asterisk&#41;&#46; &#40;B&#41; MRI &#40;sagital&#44; T1 sequence&#41; shows a hiperintense signal in the central zone described&#44; confirming its fatty condition &#40;asterisk&#41;&#46; Onset of pericardial effusion &#40;white arrows&#41;&#46; &#40;C&#41; MRI &#40;axial&#44; T1 sequence&#41; shows apical and left side pericardial effusion &#40;gray arrows&#41;&#46; &#40;D&#41; Histology of the tumor with final diagnosis of liposarcoma&#58; tumor formed by adipocytes with atypical nuclei&#44; high proliferative index and stellate shaped lipoblasts with positive S100 protein immuno-labeling&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Liposarcomas are malignant mesenchymal tumors&#46; They are the most common type of soft tissue sarcoma&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> Liposarcomas commonly take place in the retroperitoneum or thigh&#44; while primary mediastinal liposarcomas are rare and they are usually detected late when the tumor has attained large size&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Liposarcomas are classified into 4 subtypes&#58; myxoid&#44; pleomorphic&#44; well-differentiated and de-differentiated liposarcoma&#46; CT images vary depending on the degree of differentiation&#46; Well-differentiated cases typically have septated fatty mass&#46; Imaging without fat attenuation is seen in 20&#37; of cases&#46; Patients usually present late due to the compressive effect of the tumor on adjacent structures&#46; Diagnosis is confirmed by thick needle puncture&#46; Complete surgical resection is still the mainstay of therapy&#46; Liposarcomas could have bad prognosis because of incomplete surgical excision due to its inaccessible location&#44; but debulking will relieve symptoms&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> As the recurrent rate is high&#44; a close long term follow-up is recommended&#46; We present a rare case of liposarcoma in the anterior mediastinum&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 58 year old&#44; non-smoker women with no history of interest atended our emergency department because of shortness of breath and chest tightness&#46; Thorax CT scan demonstrated a mass of 12<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm in the anterior mediastinum &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A&#41;&#46; MRI showed a well limited tumor in contact with surrounding structures without invading them &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>B and C&#41;&#46; Tumor core needle biopsy confirmed liposarcoma&#39;s diagnosis &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41;&#46; There was no evidence of distant disease&#46; Clinical course was unfavorable and the patient developed hemodynamic compromise with concomitant pericardial effusion due to the large tumor size that pushed adjacent structures &#40;heart and large vessels&#41;&#46; Pericardial window and emergent descompressive surgery were performed&#46; Complete tumor removal was made with evidence of negative surgical margins and negative pericardial fluid analysis &#40;negative cylotogy exam of pericardial fluid&#41;&#46; So that we assume that pericardial fluid was a consequence of hemodynamic inestability&#46; To date&#44; the patient remains stable without any evidence of recurrence&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Liposarcomas are malignant tumors with a mesenchymal origin characterized by amplification of MDM2 and CDK4 genes on chromosome 12&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Mediastinum location accounts for &#60;1&#37; of liposarcomas&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0055"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> Symptoms are due to compression of adjacent structures&#46; Diagnosis maybe confirmed by thick needle puncture&#46; CT scan is usually performed first and varies from a predominantly fat-containing mass to a solid mass&#44; but MRI is the best diagnostic imaging test&#46; Clinical behavior depends on the histopathological patterns&#44; where well-differentiated forms are of low-grade in nature with rare metastatic potential when compared to that of poorly differentiated ones&#46; Definitive diagnosis is made by identifying the stellate shaped lipoblasts on histology&#46; Complete decompressive surgical removal is the treatment of choice&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a> Repeat surgical resection or radiotherapy should be considered in cases of local recurrence&#46; Chemotherapy is generally ineffective for liposarcoma&#46; Eribulin &#40;microtubule growth inhibitor&#41; has recently been approved for advanced liposarcomas&#46; Prognosis is related with subtype &#40;worst prognosis in pleomorphic cases&#41; and there is a high risk of recurrence&#46; Most commonly recurrences will occur during the first 6 months or it may be delayed for 5&#8211;10 years following surgery&#46; Because of this&#44; a close long term follow-up is recommended&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report a clinical case of mediastinal liposarcoma and present an important clinical issue of this tumor&#46; Because of its size&#44; liposarcomas could compress adjacent organs and cause hemodynamic compromise&#46; We suggest that prompt surgical procedure with complete resection should be initially considered in cases of primary mediastinum liposarcoma in order to reduce complications&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Author&#39;s contributions</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">AC&#44; MT and AM were responsible for the conception and design of the study&#44; and wrote and edited the manuscript&#46; AC&#44; MT&#44; AM and LV contributed to the drafting and revision of the manuscript&#46; All authors read and approved the final manuscript&#46;</p></span></span>"
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