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Letter to the Editor
Diagnostic of Nodular Pulmonary Amyloidosis With Electromagnetical Navigation Bronchoscopy (ENB) and Cryobiopsy
Amiloidosis nodular pulmonar: diagnóstico con Navegación Electromagnética Bronquial (NEB) y criobiopsia
Virginia Pajaresa,
Corresponding author
vpajares@santpau.cat

Corresponding author.
, Albert Rafecas-Coderna, Pere Serra-Mitjàa, Irma Campazasb
a Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
b Pathology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; PET&#47;TC detecting hypermetabolic lung nodule in the lateral subsegment of the middle lobe &#40;1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm&#44; SUVmax 4&#46;36&#41;&#46; &#40;b&#41; Lung nodule located with Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy &#40;ENB&#41;&#46; &#40;c&#41; Hematoxylin&#8211;eosin stain&#58; Transbronchial crybiopsy showing alveolated lung parenchyma with nodular deposits of pink amorphous material&#44; predominantly in vascular walls&#46; &#40;d&#41; Congo red stain &#40;20&#215;&#41; under polarized light&#46; The amorphous material shows apple green birefringence&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We have read with interest the Clinical Image recently published by Cuenca S&#46; et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> in the Open Respiratory Archives&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In the same way of the authors&#44; we agree that the lung amyloidosis involvement is relatively uncommon&#46; Amyloidosis is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by the deposition of amyloid fibrils in the extracellular matrix of tissues and organs&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Pulmonary amyloidosis is frequently characterized by the AL amyloid subtype and can be located or associated with systemic involvement&#44; presenting in a nodular&#44; diffuse interstitial&#44; or tracheobronchial pattern&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Nodular pulmonary amyloidosis &#40;nodular amyloidoma&#41; can appear incidentally in a chest radiologic diagnosis&#44; it is often asymptomatic and also does not usually require surgical resection&#46; The main differential diagnosis is lung cancer and the specific histological diagnosis must be established&#46; Histologically&#44; amyloidoma nodules are normally well circumscribed and are composed of homogenous eosinophilic material with aggregates of lymphocytes and plasma cells within or adjacent to the nodules&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cuenca S&#46; et al&#46;&#44; <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> present a case of an ex-smoker patient with prostate cancer&#46; The complementary study with Positron Emission Tomography&#8211;computed &#40;PET&#47;CT&#41; showed a lung hypermetabolic nodule in the left upper lobe and mediastinal lymph nodes&#46; Bronchoscopy and EBUS were performed without a conclusive result and the final diagnosis was established with surgical biopsy&#46;</p><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We present a case with a nodular pulmonary amyloidosis diagnosed by cryobiopsy with Electromagnetical Navigation Bronchoscopy &#40;ENB&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">A 74-year-old woman&#44; ex-smoker with mild and limited haemoptysis was referred to our Interventional Pulmonologist Unit to study the peripheral pulmonary nodule observed in a thoracic computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan&#46; Lung cancer was suspected and complementary explorations were indicated&#46; Pulmonary function tests demonstrated a diffusion capacity for carbon monoxide &#40;DLCO&#41; 50&#37; of the predicted&#46; PET&#47;CT revealed a 1&#46;9<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm nodule &#40;SUVmax 4&#46;36&#41; in the lateral subsegment of the middle lobe without mediastinal involvement and no lesions in other organs &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41;&#46; The patient was discussed in the Tumor Board and it was decided that the first diagnostic approach would be with ENB to minimize the risk of pneumothorax&#46; ENB was performed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>b&#41; and transbronchial needle aspiration &#40;TBNA&#41; and biopsies were obtained with 1&#46;1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mm flexible cryoprobe&#46; Rapid On Site Examination &#40;ROSE&#41; observed inflammatory cells in fine needle aspiration &#40;FNA&#41; samples&#46; Final histological examination of the cryobiopsies revealed homogenous eosinophilic amorphous material &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>c&#41; with red-green birefringence under cross-polarized light with Congo red staining &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>d&#41; and the diagnosis of amyloidosis was established&#46; The echocardiogram&#44; serum plasma cell profile and protein electrophoresis were normal and the absence of systemic amyloidosis was confirmed&#46; The patient was diagnosed with localized AL amyloid and remains asymptomatic&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The diagnostic of lung peripheral nodules without endobronchial involvement is a challenge&#46; The screening in lung cancer strategies and the access of population to advance CT scan have increased the number of patients with lung peripheral nodules&#46; The diagnostic yield using virtual bronchoscopy &#40;VB&#41;&#44; radial endobronchial ultrasound &#40;r-EBUS&#41;&#44; and ultrathin bronchoscopes remains suboptimal&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> Transthoracic needle aspiration &#40;TTNA&#41; is a technique with good diagnostic yield but with high incidence of pneumothorax&#46; In the last decade&#44; Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy &#40;ENB&#41; has become in minimally invasive technique with optimal diagnostic yield to perform biopsies with vision in real time&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In conlusion&#44; the use of the novel ENB with different tools is a minimally invasive method that allows to improve the diagnosis strategies of peripheral lung nodules and avoid or plan the surgical approach&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Informed consent</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Informed consent was obtained from the patient for publication of the clinical data and images present in this manuscript&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No external funding has been needed for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Virginia Pajares&#44; Albert Rafecas-Codern and Pere Serra-Mitj&#224; have collected the clinical information and they have wroten the manuscript&#46; Irma Campazas has performed pathological diagnosis and has described pathological findings&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflict of interest directly or indirectly related to the contents of the manuscript&#46;</p></span></span>"
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ISSN: 26596636
Original language: English
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