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Scientific letter
Primary Pulmonary Ewing's Sarcoma: A Surprise Diagnosis in a 52-Year-Old Active Smoker
Sarcoma de Ewing pulmonar primario: una sorpresa diagnóstica en un fumador activo de 52 años
El Ghoul Jamela,
Corresponding author
j.elghoul@hotmail.fr

Corresponding author.
, Ksouri Chiraza, Walha Marwab
a Pneumology Department, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Medenine 4100, Tunisia
b Anatomic Pathology Department, University of Sfax, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Medenine 4100, Tunisia
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Ewing&#39;s sarcoma&#44; also known as primitive neuroectodermal tumor &#40;PNET&#41;&#44; is the second most common bone cancer in children&#46; It usually involves the pelvis and proximal long bones&#44;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0030"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a> but in approximately 20&#37; of patients&#44; tumors are extraosseous and can arise in numerous organs&#46; The most frequent extraosseous localizations include the chest wall&#44; paravertebral and gluteus muscles&#44; and the retroperitoneal space&#44; but other rarer localizations have also been described&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a> Only sporadic cases of primary pulmonary Ewing&#39;s Sarcoma &#40;PES&#41; have been reported in the scientific literature&#44; mostly in the form of case reports&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We report the case of a 52-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of right-sided chest pain&#46; The patient was an active smoker with a 40-pack-year history and no other significant medical history&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Physical examination was within normal limits&#46; Chest X-ray showed homogeneous opacity with well-defined margins at the right apex of the lung&#46; A computed tomography &#40;CT&#41; scan of the thorax revealed a large mass in the right upper lobe&#44; measuring 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#215;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>13<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm with inhomogeneous enhancement on administration of contrast &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>A and B&#41;&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">CT-guided biopsy revealed an undifferentiated tumor which consisted of large sheets of small round cells with perivascular arrangement &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>C&#41; and an extensively necrotic area &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>D&#41;&#46; Immunohistochemical staining was positive for vimentin&#44; neuron specific enolase &#40;NSE&#41;&#44; synaptophysin&#44; and CD99 &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>E&#41;&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> The cells were negative for cytokeratin&#44; TTF1&#44; and CD 45&#46; This profile suggested round cells of undifferentiated sarcoma from the Ewing family&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Radiological studies &#40;whole-body CT&#41; ruled out a primary tumor elsewhere&#44; so a diagnosis of primary PES was made&#46; The patient was referred to the multidisciplinary committee of a specialized center&#46; Tumor size ruled out surgical treatment&#44; and the decision was made to initiate neoadjuvant chemotherapy based on cyclophosphamide and vincristine&#46; However&#44; the patient died two months after the initial diagnosis&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The primary PES in a middle-aged active smoker is very unusual&#46; Indeed&#44; in our case&#44; epithelial and neuroendocrine tumors of the lung would be the first diagnoses to be considered&#46; Furthermore&#44; the mean age at diagnosis of primary PES reported in the literature was 30&#46;5 years&#44; with only a few cases being diagnosed after the age of 50&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a></p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Pathological and immunohistochemical analyses are essential for the diagnosis of PES and to eliminate other differential diagnosis&#46; Strong staining for CD99 and neuroendocrine markers &#40;synaptophysin&#44; NSE&#44; etc&#46;&#41; and negativity for cytokeratin&#44; desmin and CD45 favor the diagnosis&#46; Molecular testing is recommended for the study of EWSR1&#47;FLI-1 fusions to ensure an accurate diagnosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a> In our case&#44; however&#44; due to limited laboratory facilities&#44; immunohistochemical results were considered sufficient for the diagnosis and molecular analysis was not performed&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Generally&#44; primary PES is an aggressive and lethal disease&#44; especially when locally advanced and unresectable&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3</span></a> Tumor metastasis at diagnosis&#44; large tumor size&#44; and invasion of the heart are indicative of poor prognosis&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a></p><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In summary&#44; despite its rarity&#44; PES should be considered in the differential diagnosis of lung tumors&#44; even in middle-aged active smokers&#46; Early diagnosis is important&#44; as it can enable radical surgical resection and improve prognosis&#46;</p><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Informed consent</span><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Consent was obtained from a family member&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0010">Funding</span><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public&#44; commercial&#44; or not-for-profit sectors&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0015">Authors&#8217; contributions</span><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All authors have contributed to all of the following&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The conception and design of the study</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The drafting and revising of the article</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The final approval of the version</p></li></ul></p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0020">Conflicts of interests</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors state that they have no conflict of interests&#46;</p></span></span>"
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Original language: English
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