Article information
RESUMN
Antecedentes
para el año 2010, la lactancia materna en Colombia mostró una tasa que no supera los dos meses, teniendo un porcentaje de exclusividad menor al 15% y tasas de ablactación muy tempranas.
Temala lactancia materna se reconoce como una práctica importante para el desarrollo del ser humano, sin embargo, aún hay debate en torno a su papel dentro del neurodesarrollo, por lo que se realizó una búsqueda en las principales bases de datos (ProQuest, OvidSP, MD Consult, PubMed) desde el año 2006 hasta 2012, identificando las investigaciones que se efectuaron en recién nacidos a término que evaluaban diferentes aspectos, como la presencia de oligosacáridos en la leche materna, su concentración, las características de la madre y el ambiente, y los efectos o no que estos presentan sobre el neurodesarrollo y/o sus procesos.
Conclusionesel desarrollo del sistema nervioso se asoció a una lactancia exclusiva que sobrepase los seis meses, aunque por sí sola los aportes son pequeños. Si se asocia la composición de la leche a los diferentes estímulos familiares y ambientales, se convierten en factores que favorecen importantes fenómenos sinápticos, a partir de la biodisponibilidad de elementos para los procesos proteicos, hasta el potencial eléctrico de las redes en el sistema nervioso.
PALABRAS CLAVE (DcCs):
neurodesarrollo
inteligencia
lactancia materna
mielinización
infante
KEY WORDS (DcCS):
Neurodevelopment
intelligence
breastfeeding
myelination
infant
ABSTRACT
History
Breastfeeding rate in Colombia during 2010 does not surpass a 2months, with less than 15% exclusivity, and introduction to complementary foods at earlier ages.
TopicBreastfeeding is considered important in the development of human beings, nonetheless there is still an ongoing debate as to its role in neurological development. A research was carried out in the databases Proquest, Ovid Sp, Md Consult, PubMed, from 2006 to 2012, we chose investigations in full term newborns that evaluated aspects such as oligosacarids in breast milk, their concentrations, maternal and environmental characteristics, and their associations with neurologic development.
ConclusionsThe development of the nervous system was associated with exclusive breastfeeding surpassing six months, even though its contribution was small. But milks composition should be associated with family and environmental stimulus, favoring important synaptic phenomena stemming from bioavailability of elements derived from the proteins, metabolic and physiological process that intervene as electrical potentials that promote nervous system network development.
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