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Vol. 45. Issue 3.
Pages 195-202 (September 2012)
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Vol. 45. Issue 3.
Pages 195-202 (September 2012)
Open Access
Neutropenia febril en Pediatría: ¿qué punto de corte usar?
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Paula Carolina Guzman1, Juan Gabriel Ruiz2
1 Médica pediatra, Departamento de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, y Centro Javeriano de Oncología, Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
2 Médico pediatra, M.M.Sc., Departamentos de Pediatría y de Epidemiología Clínica y Bioestadística, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia.
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Resumen
Objetivo

Caracterizar los episodios de neutropenia febril en niños con cáncer según el número absoluto de neutrófilos (menos de 500 células/mm3 y de 501 a 1.000 células/mm3).

Métodos

Se evaluó una cohorte histórica de niños menores de 15 años con cáncer, manejados con quimioterapia en un hospital universitario de Bogotá. Se identificaron y caracterizaron todos los episodios de neutropenia febril en la cohorte, entre el 1° de enero de 2007 y el 30 de septiembre de 2010, analizando el número absoluto inicial de neutrófilos y el de cada episodio. Se consideró que el resultado era desfavorable si el paciente fallecía o requería manejo intrahospitalario por seis o más días. Se calcularon las densidades de incidencia para los resultados desfavorables y se compararon sus frecuencias según el conteo de neutrófilos mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado (χ2) o la exacta de Fisher.

Resultados

Se evaluaron 91 pacientes (44.551 días-paciente en riesgo) y se identificaron 56 episodios de neutropenia febril, 48 (86 %) con número absoluto de neutrófilos menor de 500 células/mm3 y ocho (14 %) con conteo entre 501 y 1.000 células/mm3. De todos los pacientes con neutropenia febril, 62 % presentaron resultados desfavorables, incluyendo un paciente fallecido. La frecuencia de resultados desfavorables fue similar en los casos con número absoluto de neutrófilos entre cero y 500 células/mm3 y en aquellos entre 501 y 1.000 células/mm3 (RR=1,29, IC95% 0,63-2,66; p=0,68; prueba exacta de Fisher). La frecuencia de resultados desfavorables fue ligeramente mayor en tumores hematolinfoides en tumores sólidos (RR=1,62, IC95% 1,04-2,79; p=0,067).

Conclusiones

En nuestro medio consideramos adecuado establecer una neutropenia febril en pacientes oncológicos pediátricos con un número absoluto de neutrófilos menor de 1.000 células/mm3 y no menor de 500 células/mm3, ya que el incremento en número de eventos es bajo (14 %) pero permite identificar cuatro eventos adicionales (13 % adicional) de resultados desfavorables.

Palabras clave:
neutropenia
fiebre
pediatría
Abstract
Objective

To characterize the episodes of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer according to absolute neutrophil count (less than 500 cells/mm3, and between 501 to 1,000 cells/mm3).

Methods

We evaluated a historical cohort of children less than 15 years of age with cancer treated with chemotherapy in a university hospital in Bogotá between January 1, 2007, and September 30, 2010. All the episodes of febrile neutropenia observed in the cohort were identified and characterized, analyzing the initial count of absolute neutrophils and the outcome of each episode. It was considered that the outcome was unfavorable if the patient died or required hospital management by six or more days. Incidence densities for unfavorable outcomes were calculated and frequencies compared according to the count of neutrophils through the chi square (χ2) or the Fisher’s exact test.

Results

Ninety one patients (44,551 patient-days at risk) were identified, who presented 56 episodes offebrile neutropenia, 48 (86%) with absolute neutrophil count less than 500 cells/mm3 and eight (14%) with counts between 501 and 1,000 cells/mm3. Of all patients with febrile neutropenia, 62% had unfavorable outcomes, including a deceased patient. The frequency of adverse outcomes was similar in cases with absolute neutrophil counts between zero and 500 cells/mm3 and in those between 501 and 1,000 cells/mm3 (RR=1.29, 95%CI 0.63 to 2.66, p=0.68; Fisher exact test). The frequency of adverse outcomes was slightly higher in solid tumors hemato-lymphoid tumors (RR=1.62, 95%CI 1.04 to 2.79; p=0.067).

Conclusions

Using 1,000 cells/mm3 as a cutoff level for febrile neutropenia allowed us to identify four additional patients with adverse outcomes, including one death. Therefore, we consider appropriate to use absolute neutrophil counts of less than 1,000 cells/mm3 as a cut-off level to define febrile neutropenia in children.

Key words:
netropenia
fever
pediatrics
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Copyright © 2012. Sociedad Colombiana de Pediatría
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