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Vol. 44. Issue 3.
Pages 108-113 (January 2001)
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Vol. 44. Issue 3.
Pages 108-113 (January 2001)
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Complicaciones en la laparoscopia
Complications of laparoscopy
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8982
O. Salas*, A. Úbeda, R. Labastida
Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Institut Universitari Dexeus. Barcelona
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Resumen
Objetivo

Determinar la incidencia de complicaciones de la técnica quirúrgica laparoscópica

Diseño

Estudio retrospectivo observacional

Método

Revisión del historial ginecológico de las pacientes sometidas a una laparoscopia quirúrgica desde enero de 1991 hasta diciembre de 1999. Se detallan el tipo de intervención quirúrgica y de complicación. Se considera como complicación cualquier acontecimiento intraoperatorio o postoperatorio no planificado que precise de tratamiento posterior

Resultados

Se han realizado un total de 3.504 procedimientos laparoscópicos, 2.135 (60,7%) laparoscopias quirúrgicas, 1.026 (20,2%) laparoscopias diagnósticas y 343 (9,8%) esterilizaciones tubáricas. La morbilidad total ha sido del 8,56% (30 complicaciones), y no se ha producido ningún fallecimiento. El porcentaje de complicaciones en la laparoscopia quirúrgica ha sido del 13,58% (29),del 0,28% (1) en las laparoscopias diagnósticas y no se ha descrito ninguna complicación en las esterilizaciones tubáricas. En 10 casos, la complicación quirúrgica requirió la conversión a laparotomía (2,85%), siendo la principal causa las lesiones intestinales. Cuatro pacientes (1,14%) fueron reintervenidas, tres de ellas por lesión intestinal y una por lesión ureteral

Conclusiones

La laparoscopia es una técnica que no está exenta de riesgos. La mayoría ocurren durante el procedimiento quirúrgico. La diversidad de cirujanos y el programa de formación de residentes incrementa el porcentaje de complicaciones, principalmente en la realización del neumoperitoneo por la inserción de la aguja de Veress y del primer trocar. Por todo ello, es necesario sistematizar la técnica laparoscópica y seleccionar a las pacientes para reconocer a aquellas con mayor riesgo, con el fin de extremar las precauciones y evitar las complicaciones quirúrgicas

Palabras clave:
Laparoscopia
Complicaciones
Abstract
Aim

To determine the incidence of complications of laparoscopic surgical techniques

Design

Retrospective observational study

Method

The gynecological history of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery between January 1991 and December 1999 were reviewed, including the type of surgical intervention and nature of the complication. Complications were considered to be any unexpected intraoperative or postoperative event requiring subsequent treatment

Results

A total of 3,504 laparoscopic procedures were carried out. Of these, 2,135 (60.7%) were surgical laparoscopies, 1,026 (20.2%) were diagnostic and 343 (9.8%) were tubule sterilizations. Total morbidity was 8.56% (30 complications). No deaths occurred. The percentage of complications was 13.58% (29) in laparoscopic surgery and 0.28% (1) in diagnostic laparoscopy. In 10 patients, surgical complications required conversion to laparoscopy (2.85%), the main cause being intestinal lesions. Four patients (1.14%) underwent reoperation, three for intestinal lesions and one for ureteral lesions

Conclusions

Laparoscopy is not a risk-free technique. Most complications occur during surgery. The diversity of surgeons and residents' training programs increases the percentage of complications, mainly in the pneumoperitoneum due to the insertion of a Veress needle or the first trocar needle. Consequently, laparoscopic techniques should be standardized and patients should be selected to identify those most at risk in order to maximize precautions and prevent surgical complications

Keywords:
Laparoscopy
Complications
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Copyright © 2001. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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