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Vol. 47. Issue 6.
Pages 257-263 (January 2004)
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Vol. 47. Issue 6.
Pages 257-263 (January 2004)
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Cribado bioquímico y ecográfico de aneuploidía fetal en el segundo trimestre de la gestación
Biochemical and ultrasonographic screening for fetal aneuploidy in the second trimester of pregnancy
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A. Fortunya,c, M.T. Farréa,
Corresponding author
30393mfl@comb.es

Correspondencia: Major, 17. 25331 Tornabous. Lleida. España
, A. Borrella,c, E. Casalsb,c, I. Mercadéb, A. Serésa, V. Cararacha,c
a Unitat de Consell Reproductiu i Diagnòstic Prenatal. Institut de Ginecologia, Obstetrícia i Neonatologia. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Seu Maternitat. Barcelona
b Servicio de Bioquímica Clínica. Centre Diagnòstic Biomèdic. Hospital Clínic de Barcelona. Barcelona
c Fundació Clínic. Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques A. Pi Suñer. Barcelona. España
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Resumen
Objetivo

Estudio de la efectividad del cribado bioquimico y ecografico en el segundo trimestre de la gestacion para la deteccion prenatal de trisomia 21 en poblacion de bajo riesgo de aneuploidia.

Metodo

Estudio prospectivo de intervencion de 8.894 gestaciones unicas de bajo riesgo de aneuploidia. Se realizo ecografia y extraccion simultanea de sangre materna para determinacion de alfafetoproteina (AFP) y fraccion β de la gonadotropina corionica (β-hCG) entre las 14 y 18 semanas. Se considero como criterio de riesgo para ofrecer amniocentesis una estimacion de riesgo superior a 1/270 combinando la edad materna y los valores de marcadores bioquimicos, valores sericos de AFP ≤ 0,4 multiplos de la mediana (MoM), de β-hCG ≤ 0,2 MoM (riesgo de trisomia 18), o pliegue nucal superior al percentil 95 para la edad gestacional.

Resultados

Las tasas de deteccion para la trisomia 21 fueron las siguientes: 65% para la bioquimica y edad materna (con un 11% de falsos positivos) y 45% para el pliegue nucal (con 5,3% de falsos positivos). Los resultados obtenidos con la aplicacion de los criterios de riesgo proporcionados indistintamente por cualquiera de ambos parametros, bioquimica o pliegue nucal, mostraron una tasa de deteccion del 75% con una tasa del 14,9% de falsos positivos.

Conclusion

La aplicacion simultanea e independiente de los marcadores bioquimicos (AFP y β-hCG) y del pliegue nucal para la estimacion del riesgo de trisomia 21 en el segundo trimestre permitio detectar el 75% de fetos afectados, con una tasa de falsos positivos del 14,9%.

Palabras Clave:
Cribado
Pliegue nucal
Marcadores bioquímicos
Trisomía 21
Abstract
Objective

To study the effectiveness of biochemical and ultrasonographic screening for trisomy 21 in the second trimester of pregnancy in a low-risk population.

Method

We performed a prospective interventional study in 8894 singleton pregnancies at low risk for aneuploidy. Dating ultrasound scan and simultaneous maternal blood sampling for determination of a-fetoprotein (α-FP) and chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) was performed between weeks 14 and 18. The criteria for offering amniocentesis were a biochemical risk of 1/270 or above, serum α-FP levels < 0.4 MoM, β-hCG< 0.2 MoM (risk for trisomy 18), or nuchal fold thickness above the 95th percentile for gestational age.

Results

The detection rates for trisomy 21 were as follows: 65% with the use of biochemical markers plus maternal age (11% false positive rate) and 45% with the use of nuchal fold measurement (5.3% false positive rate). When either of both risk indicators was taken into account, the detection rates rose to 75% with a false positive rate of 14.9%.

Conclusion

Simultaneous or independent use of biochemical markers (α-FP and β-hCG) and nuchal fold measurements to assess risk for trisomy 21 in the second trimester provided a detection rate of 75% with a false positive rate of 14.9%.

Key Words:
Screening
Nuchal fold
Biochemical markers
Trisomy 21
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Estudio realizado en parte con subvención del Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias 1993–1994. Expediente 93/0702

Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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