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Vol. 47. Issue 7.
Pages 330-337 (January 2004)
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Vol. 47. Issue 7.
Pages 330-337 (January 2004)
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Revisión sistemática de la episiotomía
Systematic review of episiotomy
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M.L. Mozo
Corresponding author
m_mozo@yahoo.es

Correspondencia: Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Carretera de Toledo, km 12,500. Getafe. Madrid. España
, I. Solís, N. Gómez
Unidad de Paritorio y Urgencias. Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital Universitario de Getafe. Getafe. Madrid. España
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Resumen
Situación

La episiotomía es la cirugía más frecuente en todo el mundo. Tradicionalmente se le han atribuido numerosas ventajas que han sido ampliamente discutidas desde los años setenta. Aun así, los profesionales de la obstetricia siguen aplicándola de manera sistemática. En un esfuerzo más por reducir el daño perineal durante el nacimiento, que puede ser causa de morbilidad del suelo pélvico a corto y largo plazo, se analizan punto por punto las consecuencias de la realización de dicha técnica.

Metodología

Se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de la bibliografía en lengua inglesa. Los estudios aleatorizados se identificaron de las distintas bases de datos y fuentes primarias. Se consultaron las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, CINHAL y Cochrane.

Objetivos

Analizar las ventajas, desventajas y consecuencias de la episiotomía; aumentar el conocimiento actual con relación a una técnica tan extendida en obstetricia, y disminuir el daño perineal durante el nacimiento, así como sus consecuencias a largo y corto plazo.

Conclusión

La conclusión fue determinante. Toda la bibliografía recomienda un uso restrictivo de la episiotomía. Hay situaciones muy concretas, como el sufrimiento fetal agudo o la sospecha de distocia de hombros, en las que su uso es recomendado. Deberíamos abogar por un uso más moderado de una técnica, que no parece presentar ninguna de las ventajas por las que se extendió su uso.

Palabras clave:
Ventajas
desventajas de la episiotomía
Sufrimiento fetal
Daño perineal
Abstract
Background

Episiotomy is the most frequent surgical intervention throughout the world. The technique has traditionally been thought to present numerous advantages, which have been widely debated since the 1970s. Nevertheless, the procedure is still systematically applied by obstetricians.

In an attempt to reduce perineal damage during delivery, which may cause short- and long-term pelvic floor disorders, we performed a step-by-step analysis of the effects of this technique.

Methodology

We performed a systematic search of the literature published in English. Randomized studies were identified from the various databases and primary sources The following databases were consulted: MedLine, CINHAL and Cochrane.

Objectives

To analyze the advantages, disadvantages and effects of episiotomy. To increase current knowledge of this widespread technique in obstetrics. To reduce perineal damage during delivery as well as its short- and long-term consequences.

Conclusion

The conclusion was clear. All studies recommend restrictive use of episiotomy. The technique is recommended in highly specific situations such as acute fetal distress or suspected shoulder dystocia. The use of this technique should be curtailed as it does not seem to present any of the advantages which led to its widespread use.

Keywords:
Advantages versus disadvantages of episiotomy
Fetal injury
Perineal damage
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Bibliografía
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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