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Vol. 47. Issue 3.
Pages 119-126 (January 2004)
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Vol. 47. Issue 3.
Pages 119-126 (January 2004)
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Tipificación del papilomavirus como método de cribado de la patología cervical en mujeres con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana
Human papilloma virus typing as a screening method for cervical lesions in women with HIV infection
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J.C. Santos-Moraa,
Corresponding author
jsantosm@arrakis.es

Correspondencia: Fernández Merchante, 17. Bollullos Par del Condado. 21710 Huelva. España
, F. Palomequea, J.J. Borrerob, A. Ruanoaa, J. Condeb, E. Pujolc, J.M. Garzóna
a Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménez de Huelva. Huelva
b Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménez de Huelva. Huelva
c Servicio de Obstetricia y Ginecología. Hospital General Juan Ramón Jiménez de Huelva. Huelva
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Resumen
Objetivo

Estudio transversal que compara la técnica de tipificación del papilomavirus humano (VPH) con la citología, en el diagnóstico precoz de la neoplasia de cérvix en mujeres con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH), así como la relación entre el nivel de inmunosupresión y la infección por el VPH.

Material y métodos

Se seleccionó a 67 pacientes VIH-positivas que cumplían los criterios de inclusión. Se realizaron 3 pruebas: citología, tipificación del VPH y colposcopia-biopsia. Se valoraron los factores de riesgo para la patología cervical dependiente del VPH, subtipo de VPH, tipo de lesión citológica y lesión biopsiada, cifra de CD4/mm3 y carga viral.

Resultados

El 35,8% de la muestra fue positiva para el VPH, el subtipo más frecuente fue el VPH 18 (9 casos). Los factores de riesgo más fuertemente asociados a la infección por el VPH fueron los antecedentes de drogadicción, prostitución y uso infrecuente del preservativo. Hubo 22 biopsias positivas. El test de tipificación resultó más sensible que la citología (63,6 frente a 45,5%) pero menos específico. La cifra media de CD4/mm3 en pacientes VPH-positivas fue de 255,75 frente a 529,58 en VPH-negativas (p = 0,000).

Conclusiones

La prueba de tipificación, asociada a la citología, aumenta la sensibilidad en el diagnóstico precoz de la neoplasia de cérvix en mujeres infectadas por el VIH. Las bajas cifras de CD4 se asociaron significativamente con presencia de lesión cervical e infección por el VPH.

Palabras Clave:
VPH
VIH
Cérvix
Neoplasia
Tipificación
Abstract
Objective

We performed a cross-sectional study to compare human papilloma virus (HPV) typing and cytology in the prevention of cervical neoplasia in women with HIV infection and to determine the relationship between the degree of immunosuppression and HPV infection.

Material and methods

Three tests (cytology, HPV typing and colposcopy-biopsy) were performed in 67 women with HIV infection who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Risk factors for cervical lesions were evaluated according to HPV status, HPV subtype, type of cytology and biopsy lesions, CD4/mm3 count and viral load.

Results

A total of 35.8% of the sample were HPV-positive. The most common HPV subtype was HPV 18 (9 patients). The risk factors most strongly associated with HPV infection were a history of drug abuse, prostitution and infrequent condom use. There were 22 positive biopsies. HPV typing was more sensitive than cytology (63.6% vs 45.5%) but was less specific. The mean CD4/mm3 count was 255.75 in HPV-positive women and was 529.58 in HPV-negative women (P=0.000).

Conclusions

HPV typing with cytology increased the sensitivity in the diagnosis of cervical neoplasia in HIV-infected women. A low CD4 count was significantly associated with HPV infection and cervical lesions.

Key words:
HPV
HIV
Cervical
Neoplasia
Typing
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Copyright © 2004. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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