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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 238-244 (January 2002)
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Vol. 45. Issue 6.
Pages 238-244 (January 2002)
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Tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de vulva: vulvectomía radical frente a vulvectomía radical modificada
Surgical management of vulvar cancer: radical vulvectomy versus modified radical vulvectomy
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23895
C. Salvador Ballada
Corresponding author
csalvador@eniac.es

Correspondencia: Hospital San Millán. Autonomía de la Rioja, 3. 26004 Logroño
, A. Alejos Monzón, M.J. Iñarra Velasco, E. Esteban Campeny, G. Manzanera Bueno
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Resumen
Objetivo

Valorar las complicaciones postoperatorias tempranas y tardías según la técnica quirúrgica en el tratamiento del cáncer vulvar así como las recurrencias y la supervivencia

Sujetos y métodos

Se estudian 44 casos de cáncer vulvar habidos en nuestro medio desde 1981 a 1999. De éstos se diferencian 2 grupos según las técnicas más empleadas: grupo I, de 1981-1989 (n = 14), en el que se realizó vulvectomía radical (VR) en alas de mariposa y grupo II, de 1989-1999 (n = 10), en el que se practicó vulvectomía radical modificada (VRM) con incisiones separadas

Resultados

Las complicaciones más frecuentes a corto plazo son: la dehiscencia de la cicatriz e infección de la herida, que inciden en la VR en el 57 y el 21,4%, respectivamente, frente al 40 y el 10% en la VRM. Esto conduce a que la estancia media hospitalaria se reduzca en las pacientes a las que se realizó VRM de forma estadísticamente significativa (34,6 días en VR frente a 19,8 días en VRM). A largo plazo, el linfedema y la disfunción sexual aparecen en el 43,8 y el 57% de casos de VR, respectivamente, frente al 20 y el 40% de casos de VRM

Las diferencias halladas en las variables cualitativas valoradas con el test de Fisher no resultaron significativas, pero sí la encontradas en la cuantitativa de estancia media hospitalaria calculada por el método de Mann-Whitney. Respecto a las recidivas precoces y tardías, así como la supervivencia a los 5 años, tampoco modifican los resultados según la técnica empleada. La supervivencia en estadio I con la VR es del 87,5% y en la VRM del 83%

Conclusiones

Se puede ser más conservador en la técnica quirúrgica mejorando la morbilidad postoperatoria sin modificar los resultados, teniendo en cuenta que el mayor éxito se consigue en estadios precoces y sin afectación ganglionar inguinal, que son los factores pronósticos más relevantes

Palabras clave:
Tratamiento quirúrgico del cáncer de vulva
Abstract
Objective

To compare early and late postoperative complications recurrence and survival according to the surgical technique used in the treatment of vulvar carcinoma

Subjects and methods

We studied 44 patients with vulvar carcinoma who were treated in our center between 1981 and 1999. The patients were divided into two groups according to the techniques most commonly used. Group 1 consisted of 14 patients who underwent radical vulvectomy (RV) with the Taussig-Way operation between 1981-1989. Group II consisted of 10 patients who underwent modified radical vulvectomy (MRV) using the three-incision approach between 1989–1999

Results

The most frequent early complications were groin wound breakdown and infection which occurred in 57% and 21.4% of patients who underwent RV versus 40% and 10% of those who underwent MRV. Consequently, mean hospital stay was significanatly reduced in patients who underwent MRV (34.6 days in RV versus 19.8 days in MRV). Major late complications were lymphedema and sexual disfunction which occurred in 43.8% and 57% of patients who underwent RV versus 20% and 40% of those who underwent MRV

No significant differences were found in the qualitative variables evaluated with Fisher's test but significant differences (p<0.001) were found in the quantitative variable of hospital mean stay calculated by the Mann-Whitney test. No diferences were found in early and late recurrences or in 5-year survival according to the surgical procedure used. Survival in patients with stage I tumors who underwent RV was 87.5% and was 83% in those who underwent MRV

Conclusions

Conservative surgery improves postoperative morbidity without modifying outcome. The most important prognostic factors for a favorable outcome are early stage disease and absende of groin node metastases

keywords:
Surgical management
Vulvar carcinoma
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