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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 15-23 (January 2003)
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Vol. 46. Issue 1.
Pages 15-23 (January 2003)
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Valoración del estudio Doppler de la arteria cerebral media como método diagnóstico de la anemia fetal
Evaluation of middle cerebral artery Doppler assessment in the diagnosis of fetal anemia
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C. Santiago, S. Manzanares
Corresponding author
smanzanaresg@sego.es

Correspondencia: Unidad de Medicina Fetal. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Avda. Fuerzas Armadas, s/n. 18012 Granada. España
, M.J. Castillo, S. Oyonarte, F. Díaz, F. Montoya
Unidad de Medicina Fetal. Hospital Universitario Virgen de las Nieves. Granada. España
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Resumen
Objetivos

El estudio Doppler de la arteria cerebral media (ACM) se ha propuesto como método no invasivo para el diagnóstico de la anemia fetal en casos de aloinmunización materna. Se evalúa su relación con los valores de hemoglobina fetal, así como su capacidad predictiva para el diagnóstico de la anemia.

Sujetos y métodos

Se determinó el valor de hemoglobina mediante cordocentesis y los valores múltiplos de la mediana (MOM) de la velocidad en el pico sistólico, la velocidad media y el índice de pulsatilidad en la arteria cerebral media, en 72 casos de anemia fetal correspondientes a 19 fetos, antes y después de realizar una transfusión intravascular. Se compararon los valores Doppler antes y después de la transfusión, se estudió su grado de correlación con el valor MOM de hemoglobina fetal y se realizó un cálculo de los puntos de corte óptimos para el diagnóstico de anemia y la ausencia de la misma, así como una valoración de su capacidad predictiva.

Resultados

Los tres parámetros velocimétricos estudiados presentaron una disminución significativa tras la reposición hematimétrica. Se comprobó una correlación de la velocidad media del ciclo y en el pico sistólico máximo en ACM con el valor de hemoglobina fetal para cada edad gestacional. Los puntos de corte óptimos para la predicción de anemia moderada o grave fueron 1,49 MOM de la velocidad del pico sistólico máximo y 2,54 MOM de la velocidad media del ciclo. Los valores por debajo de 0,93 MOM del pico sistólico máximo y 1,88 MOM de la velocidad media del ciclo descartaron la presencia de anemia moderada o grave en el 100% de los casos.

Conclusiones

Los parámetros Doppler de la arteria cerebral media demuestran una buena correlación con el valor de hemoglobina fetal. El valor de velocidad en pico sistólico máximo y velocidad media del ciclo presentan una buena capacidad predictiva de la presencia de anemia fetal, y pueden ser útiles en el estudio de estos fetos, descartar la presencia de anemia moderada o grave, evitar cordocentesis y programar adecuadamente el intervalo intertransfusión.

Palabras clave:
Anemia fetal
Isoinmunización Rh
Ecografía Doppler
Arteria cerebral media
Transfusión intrauterina
Summary
Objective

Middle cerebral artery (MCA) Doppler assessment has been proposed as a noninvasive diagnostic method for fetal anemia in cases of maternal alloinmunization. We studied its relationship with fetal hemoglobin values as well as its efficacy in detecting fetal anemia.

Subjects and methods

Hemoglobin concentration in blood was obtained by cordocentesis and multiples of the median (MOM) for peak systolic velocity, mean velocity and pulsatility index in the MCA were determined in 19 fetuses with fetal anemia. Seventy-two determinations were made before and after intravascular transfusion. Fetal MCA Doppler values before and after transfusion were compared, and their correlation with MOM for fetal hemoglobin was evaluated. An analysis of receiving-operating-characteristic curves was performed to select the optimal cut-off points for detecting or ruling out fetal anemia, and the predictive capacity of MCA Doppler was evaluated.

Results

All the MCA Doppler parameters studied were significantly lower after fetal blood transfusion. A close correlation between MCA peak systolic velocity and mean velocity measurements and fetal hemoglobin concentrations was found for each gestational age. Optimal cut-off points to detect moderate or severe fetal anemia were 1.49 MOM for peak systolic velocity and 2.54 MOM for mean velocity. Measurements below 0.93 MOM for peak systolic velocity and 1.88 MOM for mean velocity were never associated with moderate or severe fetal anemia.

Conclusions

There is a good correlation between fetal MCA Doppler assessment and fetal hemoglobin concentration. Peak systolic velocity and mean velocity measurements are useful in predicting fetal anemia and in excluding the presence of moderate or severe anemia and therefore in avoiding cordocentesis and in helping to schedule successive transfusions.

Keywords:
Fetal anemia
Red cell alloinmunization
Doppler ultrasonography
Middle cerebral artery
Fetal blood transfusion
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Copyright © 2003. Sociedad Española de Ginecología y Obstetricia
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