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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 146-155 (January 2011)
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Vol. 53. Issue 2.
Pages 146-155 (January 2011)
Diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: advances in magnetic resonance imaging
Diagnóstico de la esclerosis lateral amiotrófica: avances en RM
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M.J. Álvarez-Uría Tejero
Corresponding author
mjalvarezuria@gmail.com

Corresponding author.
, A. Sáiz Ayala, C. Fernández Rey, M.E. Santamarta Liébana, S. Costilla García
Departamento de Radiodiagnóstico, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease of unknown etiology. It selectively affects both upper and lower motor neurons. Nowadays, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is diagnosed on the basis of clinical and electromyographic findings and by ruling out other diseases with similar symptoms. To date, there are no specific tests or biologic markers to confirm the diagnosis.

This article discusses new MRI techniques like magnetization transfer imaging, MR spectroscopy, functional MRI, diffusion tensor imaging, and volumetric techniques that can contribute to early confirmation of the diagnosis and to the follow-up of this disease. We review the usefulness of each of these techniques and discuss their possible applications in clinical practice.

Keywords:
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Spectroscopy
Corticospinal bundle
Motor neuron
Neurodegeneration
Functional MRI
Diffusion tensor imaging
Tractography
Magnetization transfer imaging
Resumen

La esclerosis lateral amiotrófica es una enfermedad neurodegenerativa progresiva crónica de etiología desconocida que afecta de forma selectiva a las motoneuronas tanto superior como inferior. Hoy en día, su diagnóstico se basa en hallazgos clínicos, electromiográficos y la exclusión de otras enfermedades con síntomas similares, no existiendo pruebas específicas ni marcadores biológicos que confirmen su diagnóstico.

En este artículo exponemos las nuevas técnicas de RM como la transferencia de magnetización, la espectroscopia por RM, la RM funcional, el tensor difusor o las técnicas volumétricas, que pueden contribuir tanto a la confirmación diagnóstica precoz como al seguimiento de esta enfermedad. Revisamos la utilidad de dichas técnicas según la bibliografía y discutimos sus posibles aplicaciones en la práctica clínica.

Palabras clave:
Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica
Espectroscopia
Haz corticoespinal
Motoneurona
Neurodegeneración
RM funcional
Tensor de difusión
Tractografía
Transferencia de magnetización

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