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Inicio Rehabilitación Complicaciones vasculares cerebrales post-manipulación vertebral cervical
Journal Information
Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 33-39 (January 2003)
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Vol. 37. Issue 1.
Pages 33-39 (January 2003)
Complicaciones vasculares cerebrales post-manipulación vertebral cervical
Cerebral vascular complications post-cervical spine manipulation
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J.A. Mirallas Martínez
Corresponding author
mirallas_jan@gva.es

Correspondencia: Jefe de Servicio de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física Hospital General de Castellón Avda. Benicasim, s/n 12004 Castellón de la Plana
Jefe de Servicio de Rehabilitación y Medicina Física. Hospital General de Castellón.
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Resumen

La manipulación vertebral es un acto médico, que precisa previamente un correcto diagnóstico y una adecuada indicación. Consiste en una movilización manual pasiva forzada de pequeña amplitud y gran velocidad sobre las articulaciones, que sobrepasan ligeramente el rango de recorrido fisiológico de movimiento. Desde hace más de 40 años, se han publicado estudios que intentan establecer relaciones entre los tratamientos mediante manipulaciones vertebrales cervicales y las complicaciones en forma de accidentes vasculares cerebrales. Estudios recientes de muertes de adultos jóvenes después de haber recibido tratamiento mediante manipulaciones cervicales han tenido una gran publicidad y han aumentado la preocupación general respecto a seguridad del tratamiento manipulativo. No obstante se admite que la mortalidad por intervenciones quirúrgicas de raquis lumbar es 300 veces mayor que la debida a accidentes cerebrovasculares postmanipulación cervical. En Estados Unidos y en Francia se considera una frecuencia entre 0,1 y 1 accidente publicado por millón de manipulaciones vertebrales. Las complicaciones aparecen cuando no se respetan las contraindicaciones médicas y técnicas, en particular la regla del «no dolor y del movimiento contrario» de R. Maigne. Asumiendo que las manipulaciones vertebrales cervicales pueden elongar la arteria vertebral, la elongación es menor que la producida por el test diagnóstico rutinario premanipulativo de obligado cumplimiento. La rareza de los accidentes vasculares vertebrobasilares hace difícil su asociación a la medicina manual y obstaculiza su estudio. Es imprescindible la honradez y la cualificación profesional, que permita el estudio médico previo, a fin de descartar las contraindicaciones médicas y técnicas y prevenir los errores diagnósticos.

Realizo una revisión de las publicaciones que analizan las complicaciones vasculares cerebrales relacionadas con esta técnica terapéutica.

Palabras clave:
Manipulación vertebral cervical
Complicaciones vasculares cerebrales
Summary

Vertebral manipulation is a medical act that requires a previous correct diagnosis and adequate indication. It consists in a forced passive manual mobilization of small amplitude and great velocity on the joints, that slightly surpasses the range of the physiological distance of movement. Since more than 40 years ago, studies have been published that try to establish relationships between treatments with cervical spine manipulations and complications in form of stroke. Recent studies of death in young adults after having received treatment of cervical manipulations have had significant publicity and have increased general concern regarding the safety of manipulative treatment, However, it is admitted that mortality due to surgical interventions of lumbar spine is 300 times greater than that due to post-cervical manipulation stroke. In the United States and France, a frequency between 0.1 and 1 stroke published per million of vertebral manipulations is recognized. The complications appear when medical and technical contraindications are not respected, especially the R. Maigne rule of «no pain» and «contrary movement». Assuming that cervical spine manipulations can elongate the vertebral spine, the elongation is less than that produced by the routine pre-manipulative diagnostic test that is obligatory. Although the rareness of the vascular vertebrobasilar accident makes its association to manual medicine difficult and obstructs its study. Honesty and professional qualification is essential to permit the previous medical study, in order to discard the medical and technical contraindications and prevent diagnostic errors.

A review was made of the publications that analyze the cerebral vascular complications related with this therapeutic technique.

Key words:
Cervical spine manipulation
Cerebral vascular complications

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