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Inicio Rehabilitación Incontinencia urinaria: ¿Un problema oculto?
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Vol. 38. Issue 1.
Pages 1-6 (January 2004)
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Vol. 38. Issue 1.
Pages 1-6 (January 2004)
Incontinencia urinaria: ¿Un problema oculto?
Urinary incontinence: a hidden problem?
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5035
J. Cervera Deval*, I. Serralta Davia, C. Macia Pareja, J. Moreno Alzuyet, E. Mayoral Azofra
Servicio de Rehabilitación. Hospital General de Elda. Alicante.
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Resumen

La incontinencia urinaria (IU) tiene una alta prevalencia en la población general, sin embargo, no suele ser un motivo de consulta en los servicios de Rehabilitación. El objetivo del trabajo fue estudiar la prevalencia de las pérdidas de orina entre los pacientes que nos son remitidos a consulta, y valorar su impacto higiénico-psicosocial.

Encuestamos prospectivamente 188 pacientes consecutivos, de 40 ó más años, que acudieron a consulta médica en dos centros de Atención Primaria con Unidades Básicas de Rehabilitación. El 22,3 % refería escapes incontrolados de orina. La mayoría eran mujeres, con 62 años de media de edad, y el 42,9 % con más de 5 años de evolución. Predominaban la frecuencia diaria, y una intensidad moderada. Sólo una tercera parte había consultado con su médico, pero no todos realizaban tratamiento. La mayoría mantenía su estilo de vida previo, pero un gran porcentaje precisaba ir al baño con frecuencia (54,8 %) y usar compresas (64,3 %).

Las variables higiénico-psicosociales: consulta médica, llevar tratamiento, suponerles un problema, cambio de estilo de vida, uso de baño frecuente, preocupación por los baños fuera de casa, y uso de compresas, observaban una relación significativa (p < 0,05) con la intensidad.

Concluimos que la IU es un problema frecuente entre los pacientes que acuden a nuestras consultas, con impacto sobre la calidad de vida en los casos graves. Creemos conveniente realizar campañas de información en la sociedad, sobre qué es y cómo se puede mejorar la IU, así como fomentar una conciencia más activa por parte del personal sanitario.

Palabras clave:
Incontinencia urinaria
Incidencia
Impacto higienico-psicosocial
Summary

Urinary incontinence (UI) is highly prevalent in the general population. However, it is generally not a reason for consultation at rehabilitation centres. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of UI in patients referred to our centre and to evaluate the impact in psychological, social, and hygienic terms.

We conducted a prospective survey of 188 consecutive patients age 40 years and older who presented for medical consultation at two primary care centres with basic rehabilitation units. Involuntary loss of urine was reported by 22.3 %. The majority were women, with a mean age of 62 years, and 42.9 % reported more than five years duration. Daily occurrence and moderate severity were most common. Only one-third had visited their physician, but not all were under treatment. The majority were able to maintain their previous lifestyle, but a large percentage needed to use the bathroom frequently (54.8 %) and use absorbent pads (64.3 %).

Social, psychological, and hygienic variables including medical consultation, undergoing treatment, experiencing difficulties, a lifestyle change, frequent use of the bathroom, worrying about bathrooms when away from the home, and the use of absorbent pads, were characterised by a significant relationship (p < 0.05) with severity.

We conclude that UI is a common problem in patients reporting to our centre, and it affects quality of life in severe cases. We believe it is appropriate to use public awareness campaigns on what UI is and how it can be treated and to foment a more active awareness by health care personnel.

Key words:
Urinary incontinence
Incidence
Social
Psychological and hygienic impact

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