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Journal Information
Vol. 35. Issue 1.
Pages 55-58 (January 2001)
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Vol. 35. Issue 1.
Pages 55-58 (January 2001)
Lesión medular secundaria a cordoma
Spinal lesion secondary to chordoma
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M.A. Castellano Del Castillo
,
Corresponding author
miguelcastellano@hotmail.com

Correspondencia: Departamento de Rehabilitación Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet Paseo Isabel la Católica, 1–3 50009 Zaragoza
, V. Gálvez Castiella*, I. Villarreal Salcedo*, L. Ledesma Romano**
* Departamento de Rehabilitación. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. Médico Residente de Rehabilitación
** Departamento de Rehabilitación. Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet. Zaragoza. Médico Rehabilitador. Jefe de Unidad de Lesionados Medulares.
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Resumen

En base a su etiología, se puede dividir a la lesión medular en dos grandes grupos: la de origen traumático, con un porcentaje aproximado del 60%, y la de origen médico, que representaría un 40%, siendo la causa más frecuente de este segundo grupo la patología tumoral.

El cordoma es una neoplasia extradural muy poco frecuente originada a partir de restos de la notocorda, que se localiza preferentemente a nivel del sacro y el clivus, apareciendo más raramente en la columna vertebral. Histopatológicamente se caracteriza por la presencia de células fisalíferas. Presenta un alto grado de recurrencia, sobre todo a nivel local, con una baja tasa de metástasis. En su progresión, lenta pero destructiva, puede expandirse posterior-mente hacia el canal espinal produciendo la consiguiente compresión, que da origen a un grado variable de lesión medular secundaria. Su abordaje terapéutico requiere la combinación de cirugía y radioterapia coadyuvante, y el tratamiento rehabilitador de sus secuelas en una Unidad de Lesionados Medulares.

Presentamos tres casos clínicos de cordomas de especial interés dada su localización vertebral, diagnosticados y tratados en nuestro centro hospitalario, dos de los cuales dieron lugar a lesión medular que fue controlada en la Unidad de Lesionados Medulares.

Palabras clave:
Lesión medular
Cordoma
Summary

Based on its etiology, spinal cord injury can be divided into two large groups: traumatic origin, with an approximate percentage of 60%, and medical origin, that represents 40%, the most frequent cause in this second group being tumoral pathology.

The chordoma is a very rare extradural neoplasm originating from the remains of the notochord, and is especially located in the sacral and clivus, with a more rare incidence in the vertebral column. Histopathologically, it is characterized by the present of physaliphorous cells. It presents a high degree of recurrence, above all, on the local level, with a low rate of metastasis. During its progression, which is slow, but destructive, it can expand posteriorly into the spinal canal, producing the consequent compression, which gives rise to a variable degree of secondary spinal cord injury. Its therapeutic approach requires the combination of surgery and coadjutant radiotherapy and the rehabilitation treatment of its sequels in a Spinal Cord Injury Unit.

We present three clinical cases of chordoma which are of special interest due to their vertebral localization, which were diagnosed and treated in our hospital center. Two of them lead to a spinal cord injury which was controlled in Spinal Cord Injury Unit.

Key words:
Spinal Cord Injury
Chordoma

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