covid
Buscar en
Revista de Administração e Inovação
Toda la web
Inicio Revista de Administração e Inovação Creating Knowledge with and from the Differences: The Required Dialogicality and...
Journal Information
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 60-89 (April - June 2015)
Share
Share
Download PDF
More article options
Vol. 12. Issue 2.
Pages 60-89 (April - June 2015)
Open Access
Creating Knowledge with and from the Differences: The Required Dialogicality and Dialogical Competences
Criar Conhecimento com e a Partir das Diferenças: A Necessidade de Dialogicidade e de Competências Dialógicas
Visits
678
Patrícia Cristina Nascimento Souto
Pós-Doutora pela Royal Institute of Technology KTH, Suécia e Doutora pela University of Tampere, Finlândia, Pesquisadora associada do Centro de Pesquisa e Inovação Sueco-Brasileiro (CISB), (Brasil)
This item has received

Under a Creative Commons license
Article information
ABSTRACT

The main purpose of the current conceptual article is to contribute to theorizing tacit knowledge creation (tacit knowing or knowing), by investigating its primary, foundational, and underlying condition: dialogicality. Drawing from dialogism – an epistemological and ontological framework – and the epistemology of practice, key concepts and approaches were intersected to explain dialogicality in knowing and the competences for crafting and refining it. As the emphasis on knowledge creation in organizational settings has often been on the need of interacting with other individuals to create knowledge – the more the better – the current study centres on a qualitative aspect of such knowing. There has been a de-skilling in creating knowledge with different experts and from their different experiences, and dialogicality is critical to help harnessing the generative and transformative power of such differences in knowing. Moreover, theorizing ‘dialogic’ or ‘dialogical’ knowing has been mostly based on cognitive and structural approaches and transmission models of knowledge communication, and such phenomenon has been limitedly understood in concrete and empirical sense, as knowing by means of face-to-face interactions through talk, verbal interactions with turn-takings, and ‘ideal dialogues’. It is argued the need to go beyond the idea of knowing-through-dialogue to knowing-through-dialogicality. It is claimed that it is not any dialogue that enables knowing with different experts and from their different experiences; such knowing-dialogue needs to be dialogically understood and conceived and for such, dialogicality is a central condition. Based on dialogism, the dialogicality in knowing is explained and four dialogical competences that help crafting and refining such dialogicality are suggested. The study extends and deepens the understanding and role of dialogicality in creating knowledge with and from the differences by analysing its epistemological, meta-theoretical, and ontological assumptions and by proposing its formative competences.

RESUMO

O principal objetivo desse artigo conceitual é o de contribuir para a teorização da criação de conhecimento tácito (knowing ou tacit knowing), por meio da investigação de sua condição primária, fundamental e subjacente: dialogicidade (dialogicality). Com base no dialogismo – uma estrutura epistemológica e ontológica – e da epistemologia da prática, os principais conceitos e abordagens foram intersectados para explicar com profundidade a dialogicidade na criação de conhecimento e as competências para criar e refinar a mesma. Como a ênfase na criação de conhecimento em ambientes organizacionais tem sido frequentemente sobre a necessidade de interagir com outros profissionais para se criar conhecimento – quanto mais, melhor – o presente estudo centraliza sua atenção no aspecto qualitativo de tal criação de conhecimento. Tem havido uma considerável redução no nível das habilidades que são requeridas para se criar conhecimento com diferentes profissionais e a partir de suas diferentes experiências, e a dialogicidade é crítica para ajudar a aproveitar o poder gerador e transformador de tais diferenças na criação de conhecimento. Além disso, a teorização da criação ‘dialógica’ de conhecimento tem sido baseada principalmente em abordagens cognitivas e estruturais ao conhecimento e sua criação, e em modelos de transmissão para a comunicação do conhecimento. A criação ‘dialógica’ de conhecimento tem sido limitadamente entendida em sentido concreto e empírico, como a criação de conhecimento por meio de interações face-a-face por meio de conversação, interações verbais com contribuições alternadas e “diálogos ideais”. No presente estudo, argumenta-se a necessidade de ir além da ideia de criar-conhecimento-por-meio-de-diálogo para criar-conhecimento-por-meio-de-dialogicidade. Alega-se que não é qualquer diálogo que possibilita criar conhecimento, especialmente que não é qualquer diálogo que possibilita criar conhecimento com diferentes profissionais e a partir de suas diferentes experiências; é necessário que o diálogo seja dialogicamente concebido, organizado e compreendido para que a criação de conhecimento aconteça, dialogicidade é uma condição central. Com base na epistemologia do dialogismo, a dialogicidade na criação de conhecimento é explicada e quatro competências dialógicas que ajudam a construi-la e refiná-la são sugeridas. O estudo amplia e aprofunda a compreensão e o papel da dialogicidade na criação de conhecimento com e a partir das diferenças, analisando sua base epistemológica, meta-teórica, e ontológica e propondo suas competências formativas.

Keywords:
Knowledge creation
Knowing
Tacit knowing
Sense-making
Dialogical
Dialogism
Dialogicality
Tacit knowledge communication
Palavras-chave:
Criação de conheciment
Criação de conhecimento tácito
Dialogismo
Dialogicidade
Dialógico
Dialógica
Comunicação de conhecimento tácito
Diferenças
Full text is only aviable in PDF
REFERENCES
[Bakhtin, 1981]
M.M. Bakhtin.
Discourse in the novel.
The dialogic imagination: Four essays by Mikhail Bakhtin, pp. 259-422
[Beardsley et al., 2006]
S.C. Beardsley, B.C. Johnson, J.M. Manyika.
Competitive advantage from better interactions.
The McKinsey Quarterly, 2 (2006), pp. 52-63
[Black, 2008]
L.W. Black.
Deliberation, Storytelling, and Dialogic Moments.
Communication Theory, 18 (2008), pp. 93-116
[Chia and Holt, 2008]
R. Chia, R. Holt.
On managerial knowledge.
Management Learning, 39 (2008), pp. 141-158
[Cissna and Anderson, 1998]
K.N. Cissna, R. Anderson.
Theorizing about dialogic moments: The Buber-Rogers position and postmodern themes.
Communication Theory, 8 (1998), pp. 63-104
[Cocker, 2013]
E. Cocker.
Tactics for Not Knowing: Preparing for the Unexpected.
On Not Knowing: How Artists Think,
[Cook and Brown, 1999]
S.N. Cook, J.S. Brown.
Bridging epistemologies: the generative dance between organizational knowledge and organizational knowing.
Organization Science, 10 (1999), pp. 382-400
[Corradi et al., 2010]
G. Corradi, S. Gherardi, L. Verzelloni.
Through the practice lens: Where is the bandwagon of practice-based studies heading?.
Management Learning, 41 (2010), pp. 265-283
[Cunliffe, 2002]
A.L. Cunliffe.
Social Poetics: A Dialogical Approach to Management Inquiry.
Journal of Management Inquiry, 11 (2002), pp. 128-146
[Cunliffe, 2003]
A.L. Cunliffe.
Reflexive inquiry in organizational research: Questions and possibilities.
Human Relations, 56 (2003), pp. 983-1003
[Daly et al., 1976]
J.A. Daly, J.C. McCroskey, V.P. Richmond.
Judgments of quality, listening and understanding based upon vocal activity.
Southern Speech Communication Journal, 41 (1976), pp. 189-197
[Dervin, 2003/1991]
B. Dervin.
Information as non-sense; information as sense: the communication technology connection.
Sense-Making methodology reader: selected writings of Brenda Dervin, pp. 293-308
[Dervin, 2008]
B. Dervin.
Interviewing as dialectical practice: sense-making methodology as exemplar.
[Dervin and Foreman-Wernet, 2003]
B. Dervin, L. Foreman-Wernet.
Sense-Making Methodology reader: selected writings of Brenda Dervin, Hampton Press, (2003),
[Dervin and Frenette, 2003/2001]
B. Dervin, M. Frenette.
Sense-Making Methodology: communicating communicatively with campaign audiences.
Sense-Making Methodology Reader: Selected Writings of Brenda Dervin, pp. 233-249
[Empson, 2001]
L. Empson.
Introduction: Knowledge Management in Professional Service Firms.
Human Relations, 54 (2001), pp. 811-817
[Floyd, 2010]
J.J. Floyd.
Listening: a dialogic perspective.
Listening and human communication in the 21st. century, pp. 127-140
[Fonseca, 2002]
J. Fonseca.
Complexity and innovation in organizations, Routledge, (2002),
[Ford, 1999]
J.D. Ford.
Organizational change as shifting conversations.
Journal of Organizational Change Management, 12 (1999), pp. 480-500
[Gherardi, 2008]
S. Gherardi.
Situated knowledge and situated action.
The SAGE Handbook of New Approaches in Management and Organization, pp. 516-525
[Gherardi, 2012]
S. Gherardi.
How to Conduct a Practice-Based Study: Problems and Methods, Edward Elgar Publishing, (2012),
[Gherardi and Strati, 2012]
S. Gherardi, A. Strati.
Learning and Knowing in Practice-Based Studies, Edward Elgar Publishing, (2012),
[Gherardi, 2000]
S. Gherardi.
Practice-based theorizing on learning and knowing in organizations.
Organization, 7 (2000), pp. 211-223
[Gherardi, 2001]
S. Gherardi.
From organizational learning to practice-based knowing.
Human Relations, 54 (2001), pp. 131-139
[Gherardi, 2006]
S. Gherardi.
Organizational knowledge: the texture of workplace learning, Blackwell Publishers, (2006),
[Gherardi, 2009]
S. Gherardi.
Communities of Practice or Practices of a Community?.
Handbook of Management Learning, Education and Development, pp. 514-530
[Gherardi, 2011]
S. Gherardi.
Organizational Learning: The Sociology of Practice.
Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management, 2nd. Edition, pp. 43-65
[Gherardi, 2003]
S. Gherardi.
Knowing as desiring: Mythic knowledge and knowledge journey in communities of practitioners.
Journal of Workplace Learning, 15 (2003), pp. 352-358
[Goldberg, 1998]
M.C. Goldberg.
The art of the question: a guide to short-term question-centered therapy, John Wiley & Sons, (1998),
[Gordon, 2011]
M. Gordon.
Listening as embracing the other: Martin Buber’s philosophy of dialogue.
Educational Theory, 61 (2011), pp. 207-219
[Hammond et al., 2003]
S.C. Hammond, R. Anderson, K.N. Cissna.
The problematics of dialogue and power.
Communication yearbook, pp. 125-157
[Hansson, 1998]
H. Hansson.
Kolektiv Kompetens. En studie av skicklig interaktiv handling, Department of Business Administration, Gothenburg University, (1998),
[Holquist, 1990/2002]
M. Holquist.
Dialogism: Bakhtin and his world, 2nd. Edition, Routledge, (1990/2002),
[Jacobs and Coghlan, 2005]
C. Jacobs, D. Coghlan.
Sound from silence: On listening in organizational learning.
Human Relations, 58 (2005), pp. 115-138
[Johannesen, 1971]
R.L. Johannesen.
The emerging concept of communication as dialogue.
Quarterly Journal of Speech, 57 (1971), pp. 373-382
[Johnson et al., 2005]
B.C. Johnson, J.M. Manyika, L.A. Yee.
The next revolution in interactions.
The McKinsey Quarterly, 4 (2005), pp. 21-33
[Khun and Porter, 2011]
T. Khun, A.J. Porter.
Heterogeneity in knowledge and knowing: A Social Practice Perspective.
Communication and organizational knowledge: Contemporary issues for theory and practice,
[Kikoski and Kikoski, 2004]
C.K. Kikoski, J.F. Kikoski.
The inquiring organization: tacit knowledge, dialogue, and knowledge creation: skills for 21st-century organizations, Praeger Publishers, (2004),
[Kikoski and Kikoski, 1999]
J.F. Kikoski, C.K. Kikoski.
Reflexive communication in the culturally diverse workplace, Praeger Publishers, (1999),
[Krishnamurti, 1998]
J. Krishnamurti.
Reflections on the Self, Open Court, (1998),
[Kristiansen and Bloch-Poulsen, 2010]
M. Kristiansen, J. Bloch-Poulsen.
Employee Driven Innovation in Team (EDIT) – Innovative Potential, Dialogue, and Dissensus.
International Journal of Action Research, 6 (2010),
[Linell, 2009]
P. Linell.
Rethinking language, mind, and world dialogically: Interactional and contextual theories of human sense-making, Information Age Publishing, (2009),
[Linell, 2014]
P. Linell.
A Dialogical Note-Book: Afterthoughts after Rethinking, Department of Education, Communication and Learning, Göteborg University, (2014),
[Linell, 2015]
P. Linell.
Dialogism and the Distributed Language Approach: A rejoinder to Steffensen.
(2015),
[Linell, 0000]
Linell, P. (forthcoming). Dialogical theories vs. dialogue theories: Convergences and Divergences. In E. Weigand (forthcoming), Dialogue, Pragmatics, and Culture. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. Version of 2015-03-19.
[Marková, 2003]
I. Marková.
Dialogicality and Social Representations, Cambridge University Press, (2003),
[Marková et al., 2007]
I. Marková, P. Linell, M. Grossen, A. Salazar Orvig.
Dialogue in Focus Groups: Exploring socially shared knowledge, Equinox, (2007),
[Molander, 2009]
B. Molander.
What is ‘hidden’ and what is not?.
Eigen-Sinn und Widerstand Bildung und Arbeit: Kritische Beiträge zum. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften,
[Nicolini et al., 2003]
D. Nicolini, S. Gherardi, D. Yanow.
Knowing in Organisations: A Practice-Based Approach, M.E. Sharpe, (2003),
[Patriotta, 2003]
G. Patriotta.
Organizational knowledge in the making: how firms create, use and institutionalize knowledge, Oxford University Press, (2003),
[Philips, 2011]
L. Philips.
The promise of dialogue: The dialogic turn in the production and communication of knowledge, John Benjamins Publishing, (2011),
[Phillips et al., 2013a]
L. Phillips, M. Kristiansen, M. Vehviläinen, E. Gunnarsson.
Tackling the tensions of dialogue and participation: Reflexive strategies for collaborative research.
Knowledge and Power in Collaborative Research: a Reflexive Approach,
[Polanyi, 1958]
M. Polanyi.
Personal knowledge: towards a post-critical philosophy, Routledge and Kegan Paul, (1958),
[Polanyi, 1966]
M. Polanyi.
The Tacit dimension, Routledge and Kegan Paul, (1966),
[Polanyi, 1968]
M. Polanyi.
Logic and psychology.
American Psychologist, 23 (1968), pp. 27-43
[Polanyi, 1969]
M. Polanyi.
Knowing and being.
Knowing and Being: Essays, pp. 123-207
[Polanyi and Prosch, 1975]
M. Polanyi, H. Prosch.
Meaning, The University Of Chicago Press, (1975),
[Sandberg, 2000]
J. Sandberg.
Understanding human competence at work: an interpretative approach.
Academy of Management Journal, 43 (2000), pp. 9-25
[Sennett, 2013]
R. Sennett.
Together: The Rituals, Pleasures and Politics of Cooperation, Yale University Press, (2013),
[Shotter, 1993]
J. Shotter.
Conversational Realities: Constructing Life Through Language, Sage, (1993),
[Souto, 2010]
P.C.N. Souto.
The Knowing Work Practice as Situational Creation of Meaning: A Study to Facilitate the Communication of Knowledge.
Acta Universitatis Tamperensis, 1509, Tampere University Press, (2010),
[Souto, 2012a]
P.C.N. Souto.
Comunicar conhecimento tácito e torná-lo acessível: rumo à competências básicas em organizações cada vez mais sofisticadas.
Melhor impossível? Nas trilhas da gestão por competências,
[Souto, 2012b]
P.C.N. Souto.
Designing for the knowledge creation work and the uses of tacit knowledge.
[Souto, 2013a]
P.C.N. Souto.
Innovating as dialogic tacit knowledge creation and communication.
[Souto, 2013b]
P.C.N. Souto.
Using the tacit dimension of knowledge in creating knowledge for innovation: implications for tacit knowledge communication.
Int. J. Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 6 (2013), pp. 303-354
[Souto, 2013c]
P.C.N. Souto.
Beyond knowledge, towards knowing: The practice-based approach to support knowledge creation, communication, and use for innovation and strategies.
Revista de Administração e Inovação, 10 (2013), pp. 51-78
[Souto, 2014]
P.C.N. Souto.
Innovating as sense-making conversations: enhancing the quality of conversations to potentiate knowledge creation and the communicative-access to experts’ tacit knowledge.
International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 16 (2014), pp. 113-150
[Souto and Hammarén, 2015]
P.C.N. Souto, M. Hammarén.
It is not any narrative, it is not any dialogue: The exemplarity and reflection-provoking power of examples, and the dialogicality of collective reflection in enlivening tacit knowledge for knowing and innovating.
[Stacey, 2000]
R. Stacey.
The emergence of knowledge in organizations.
Emergence, 2 (2000), pp. 23-39
[Stacey, 2001]
R. Stacey.
Complex Responsive Processes in Organizations: Learning and Knowledge Creation, Routledge, (2001),
[Stewart et al., 2004]
J. Stewart, K.E. Zediker, L. Black.
Relationships among philosophies of dialogue.
Dialogue: Theorizing difference in communication studies, pp. 21-38
[Taylor, 1997]
C. Taylor.
To Follow a Rule.
Philosophical Arguments, pp. 165-180
[Tsoukas, 1996]
H. Tsoukas.
The firm as a distributed knowledge system: a constructionist approach.
Strategic Management Journal, 17 (1996), pp. 11-25
[Tsoukas, 2005a]
H. Tsoukas.
Do we really understand tacit knowledge?.
Complex knowledge: studies in organizational epistemology, pp. 141-161
[Tsoukas, 2005b]
H. Tsoukas.
The firm as distributed knowledge system: a constructionist approach.
Complex knowledge: studies in organizational epistemology, pp. 94-116
[Tsoukas, 2005c]
H. Tsoukas.
Complex Knowledge: Studies in Organizational Epistemology, Oxford University Press, (2005),
[Tsoukas, 2008]
H. Tsoukas.
Creating organizational knowledge dialogically: an outline of a theory.
The Routledge companion to creativity, pp. 160-176
[Tsoukas, 2009]
H. Tsoukas.
A Dialogical Approach to the Creation of New Knowledge in Organizations.
Organization Science, 20 (2009), pp. 941-957
[Tsoukas, 2011]
H. Tsoukas.
How should we understand tacit knowledge? A phenomenological view.
Handbook of Organizational Learning and Knowledge Management, 2nd. Edition, pp. 453-476
[Verganti, 2009]
R. Verganti.
Design-Driven Innovation: Changing the rules of competition by radically innovating what things mean, Harvard Business Publishing, (2009),
[Von Krogh et al., 2000]
G. Von Krogh, K. Ichijo, I. Nonaka.
Enabling Knowledge Creation: How to Unlock the Mystery of Tacit Knowledge and Release the Power of Innovation, Oxford University Press, (2000),
[Wolvin, 2010]
A.D. Wolvin.
Listening engagement: intersecting theoretical perspectives.
Listening and Human Communication in the 21st Century, pp. 7-30
[Yanow and Tsoukas, 2009]
D. Yanow, H. Tsoukas.
What is Reflection-In-Action? A Phenomenological Account.
Journal of Management Studies, 46 (2009), pp. 1339-1364
[Zimmermann, 1991]
H. Zimmermann.
Speaking, listening, understanding, Verlag Freies Geistesleben, (1991),
Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltda. on behalf of Departamento de Administração Faculdade de Economia, Administração e Contabilidade Universidade de São Paulo ¿ FEA/USP
Download PDF
Article options