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Dermatoglyphics: Correlation between software and traditional method in kineanthropometric application
Dermatoglifos: correlación entre el método tradicional y el sistema informatizado para la aplicación en antropometría
R. J.. Nodari-Júniora, A.. Heberlea, R.. Ferreira-Emygdiob, M.. Irany Knackfussc
a Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina. Joaçaba. Santa Catarina. Brasil.
b Universidade Estadual do Rio de Janeiro. Universidade Estácio de Sá. Río de Janeiro. Brasil.
c Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Natal Rio Grande do Norte. Brasil.
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    "textoCompleto" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">INTRODUCTION </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Dermatoglyphics is a growing research &#225;rea<span class="elsevierStyleSup">1-6</span> because fingerprints are recognized as dermal representations of genetic characteristics<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#44; and thus&#44; they are a genetic marker<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;3&#44;8&#44;9</span>&#46; The observation of these markers represents a powerful tool for analyzing the recognition of dermatoglyphic patterns in different kinanthropometric characteristics<span class="elsevierStyleSup">10-17</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The dermatoglyphic analysis presented by Cummins and Midlo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7 </span>should be performed to observe fingerprints as a genetic marker&#46; However&#44; the traditional method is time consuming&#44; not very agile and depends on skilled individuals&#46; According to reports from researchers&#44; the expertise in quantitative interpretation is not different because finding specific indicators&#44; such as cores&#44; deltas and line counts&#44; based on the collected print&#44; is quite complex and requires extensive training and experience&#46; Because the process of data collection&#44; qualification and quantification is slow&#44; studies have small samples&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The magnifying power of the magnifying glass is a limiting factor for image magnification of the image produced by the traditional method&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; the prints made by pressing the epidermal ridges on paper using ink&#46; The lack of adequate definition of the printed image&#44; the difficulty in finding and managing specific information on an individual when collecting numerous samples and the changes resulting from typing errors when transferring data to a spreadsheet raise doubts about the results&#44; which may lead to an inaccurate assessment&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The feasibility of the computerized dermatoglyphic method<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> can effectively optimize the analysis process&#44; allowing an increase in studies with numerous populations and&#44; as a consequence&#44; the expansion of the possible observations&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The present study aimed to correlate the traditional method and the computerized system of dermatoglyphic analysis&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">METHOD </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Participants </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The non-probability sample consisted of 15 individuals&#46; They were volunteers and police officers from the Bureau of Identification of the state of Par&#225; Civil Police &#40;Diretoria de Identifica&#231;&#227;o da Pol&#237;cia Civil do Estado do Par&#225;&#41; in Brazil&#46; Seven women and eight men with an average age of 39&#46;8 &#177; 5&#46;4 years old were intentionally chosen&#44; and individuals with fingerprints characterized as anomalies by the dactyloscopy division of the Identification Board of the state of Par&#225; Civil Police in Brazil were excluded from the sample&#46; The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the University of Western Santa Catarina &#40;Universidade do Oeste de Santa Catarina - Unoesc&#41;&#44; Joa&#231;aba Campus&#44; Brazil &#40;Protocol number 067&#47;2006&#41; and was in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration and Resolution No&#46; 196&#47;96&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Procedures </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The dermatoglyphic protocol proposed by Cummins and Midlo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span> was chosen for the fingerprint analysis using two different methods&#44; namely&#58; a computerized method for the processing and analysis of fingerprints by the dermatoglyphic method &#40;M1&#41; and the traditional method for dermatoglyphic characteristics identification &#40;M2&#41;&#46; For M1&#44; a Smiths Heimann Biometrics LSCAN 100R scanner was used to capture the fingerprint images&#44; with algorithms for noise reduction and image enhancement and a software program for user interaction with the row count&#44; design type determination&#44; storing of images collected and statistical reporting&#46; The image interpretation was performed by the VeriFinger SDK&#44; which removes noise from the image&#44; using pre-processing to improve it&#46; Then&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leitor Dermatogl&#237;fico</span> &#40;Dermatoglyphic Fingerprint Reader&#41; software performed a treatment on the image&#46; After all the images were collected&#44; the user of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leitor Dermatogl&#237;fico</span> &#40;Dermatoglyphic Fingerprint Reader&#41; selected the images one by one to define the points &#40;core and delta&#41; and automatically trace Galton&#39;s Line so that the software&#44; using specific algorithms&#44; can make the intersection of the line drawn with the lines of the fingerprint&#44; thus providing the number of lines in each finger and the design type of each fingerprint&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leitor Dermatogl&#237;fico</span> &#40;Dermatoglyphic Fingerprint Reader&#41; software was developed in the Object Pascal&#44; Delphi 7 programming environment and Firebird database management system &#40;DBMS&#41;&#44; allowing for the security of the information collected and a reliable performance for the user&#46; The actions occurred in the following order&#58; LSCAN 100R scanning&#44; image processing in VeriFinger SDK&#44; image processing and production&#44; and the creation and management of statistical reports by the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Leitor Dermatogl&#237;fico</span> &#40;Dermatoglyphic Fingerprint Reader&#41; software program&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> For M2&#44; the traditional materials and processes were used for the data collection&#44; observation and transcription&#46; A paper with an average density and roughness &#40;A4 bond paper&#41; and a pad to collect fingerprints &#40;Impress&#44; Model&#58; 250&#44; 2001&#41; were used&#44; and the pulp of the distal phalanx was covered with ink&#46; After the collection&#44; the investigator performed a qualitative identification of images and a quantitative identification of the lines by using a magnifying glass and recorded the results observed on the collection sheet&#46; Then&#44; the data were entered in a spreadsheet&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Both methods of data collection were performed by two investigators who were dactyloscopy experts and were also police officers of the Identification Bureau of the state of Par&#225; Civil Police in Brazil and researchers in dermatoglyphics&#46; These professionals were chosen to minimize the intra and inter-investigator errors and to qualify the collected and analyzed results&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The use of two investigators using two methods to record 15 observations resulted in a sample size of 30 for each intersection&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Statistical analysis </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> For the statistical analysis&#44; the data are presented as the mean and standard deviation&#46; For the inferential analysis&#44; the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was initially used to verify the normality of the sample in the set of observations&#46; When the normality of the sample was confirmed&#44; a parametric statistical test and an analysis of variance &#40;ANOVA&#41; were performed&#44; which were followed by Tukey&#39;s post-hoc test to identify the possible differences between the variables&#44; as follows&#58; left hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 1 - thumb &#40;mesql1&#41;&#59; left hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 2 - index finger &#40;mesql2&#41;&#59; left hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 3 - middle finger &#40;mesql3&#41;&#59; left hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 4 - ring finger &#40;mesql4&#41;&#59; left hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 5 - little finger &#40;mesql5&#41;&#59; total number of lines on the left hand &#40;sqtle&#41;&#59; right hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 1 - thumb &#40;mdsql1&#41;&#59; right hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 2 - index finger &#40;mdsql2&#41;&#44; right hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 3 - middle finger &#40;mdsql3&#41;&#59; right hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 4 - ring finger &#40;mdsql4&#41;&#59; right hand&#44; total number of lines on finger 5 - little finger &#40;mdsql5&#41;&#59; total number of lines on the right hand &#40;sqtld&#41;&#59; total number of lines - both hands &#40;sqtl&#41;&#59; and total deltas &#40;d10&#41;&#46; The non-parametric Wilcoxon test for paired samples was used for images of the following fingerprints because they did not show a normal distribution&#58; Arch &#40;A&#41;&#59; Loop &#40;L&#41;&#59; Whorl &#40;W&#41;&#59; left hand pattern of finger 1 &#40;met1&#41;&#44; finger 2 &#40;met2&#41;&#44; finger 3&#44; &#40;met3&#41;&#44; finger 4 &#40;met4&#41; and finger 5 &#40;met5&#41;&#59; and right hand pattern of finger 1 &#40;mdt1&#41;&#44; finger 2 &#40;mdt2&#41;&#44; finger 3 &#40;mdt3&#41;&#44; finger 4 &#40;mdt4&#41; and finger 5 &#40;mdt5&#41;&#46; To observe the correlation between the computerized and the traditional system&#44; Pearson&#39;s correlation was used&#46; Student&#39;s paired t-test was used to evaluate the reproducibility of both methods&#44; with the aim to compare the internal variation based on the two measurements obtained by two investigators for the same observation&#46; For this purpose&#44; the squared difference was considered as the analytical value according to the following mathematical model&#58;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Squared difference<span class="elsevierStyleItalic"><span class="elsevierStyleInf">Observedi &#38; Methodi</span></span>&#61; &#40;observer<span class="elsevierStyleInf">1i</span> - observer<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2j</span>&#41;<span class="elsevierStyleSup">2 </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> A significance level of p &#60; 0&#46;05 was adopted for rejecting the null hypothesis&#46; The data were treated using the SPSS 14&#46;0 software&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">RESULTS </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The first observations of the statistical treatment used are shown in table 1&#46; This table shows the descriptive values&#44; mean and standard deviation of the experimental variables collected in the two possible segmentations&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; method and investigator&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img alt="Table 1 Descriptive analysis of the experimental variables of the intra- and inter-investigator relationships" src="284v07n02-90332442fig1.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Table 2 shows the test of the null hypotheses obtained in each of the comparative processes observed &#40;intra-group and inter-group&#41;&#44; according to each independent variable&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img alt="Table 2 Intra- and inter-group hypothesis tests" src="284v07n02-90332442fig2.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> A factorial ANOVA test &#40;method and investigator&#41; with a significance level of p &#60; 0&#46;05 was performed on the group of variables defined as parametric&#46; Then&#44; if the models were different&#44; a one-way ANOVA test combined with Tukey&#39;s test was performed for the dependent variable that differed while always observing the paired variables&#46; Additionally&#44; Bartlett&#39;s test for homogeneity of variance was used to compare the variances of the segmented groups according to the dependent variables&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The differences regarding parametric variables&#44; whose frequency distributions were not significantly different from a normal distribution&#44; occurred according to the segmentation of the independent variable method &#40;9 in 14&#41;&#46; Thus&#44; all differences expressed had mean values of M1 that were significantly higher than the mean values of M2&#46; No significant differences were found in the final result of the factorial ANOVA for repeated measures &#40;AB&#41;&#46; This result indicates that the variances are compensatory relationships between the mean values&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The differences between the mean values according to the method indicate that M1 &#62; M2&#44; thus showing that M1 has a greater ability to quantitatively identify the number of lines when compared to M2&#46; This result supports the hypothesis that M1 is more efficient than M2&#44; which has been the method used until now&#44; because M1 is an electronic magnifier that magnifies the image collected&#44; increasing the visual acuity and&#44; consequently&#44; increasing the level of assertiveness in the process of counting the observed lines&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The absence of significant differences between the observations of the intra- &#40;M1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> M2&#41; and inter-investigations &#40;investigator 1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> investigator 2&#41; is an important finding of this treatment&#46; This result adds reproducibility and reliability to M1&#46; These data are displayed in the correlation matrix of the observations of the two discretionary variables&#44; as shown in table 3&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img alt="Table 3 Correlation matrix &#40;method versus investigator&#41;" src="284v07n02-90332442fig3.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> According to the correlation matrix of coefficients&#44; there is a significant correlation between the respective means of the different methods and the different investigators&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Aiming to compare the internal variation of the two methods based on the two measures obtained by the two investigators for the same observation&#44; the squared differences were considered to be the analytical values&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The squared differences were chosen to evaluate only the differences between the measurements obtained by the investigators according to each method &#40;j&#41; for each observation &#40;i&#41;&#46; The results displayed in table 4 show that there are significant differences between the mean values of the inter-investigator squared differences in the two methods&#46; Among the significant and clear differences&#44; the M1 differences are significantly lower than the ones observed in M2&#46; Therefore&#44; M2 has an amplitude that is approximately 4 times &#40;14&#46;9 &#61; 3&#46;86 ~ 4 times&#41; higher than that observed in M1&#46; Thus&#44; M1 has a greater convergence in the inter-investigator evaluations and&#44; hence&#44; greater reproducibility&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img alt="Table 4 Paired t-test &#40;comparison of the squared inter-investigator differences according to each method&#41;" src="284v07n02-90332442fig4.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> For the non-parametric variables&#44; the Wilcoxon non-parametric test was applied using a significance level of p &#60; 0&#46;05&#44; by taking into consideration the method and investigator&#46; The results are shown in table 5&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><img alt="Table 5 Comparison of non-parametric variables based on the methods and investigators &#40;non-parametric Wilcoxon test&#41;" src="284v07n02-90332442fig5.jpg"></img></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Table 5 shows that for both discretionary variables&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; model and investigator&#44; there are no significant differences between the distributions of the groups&#46; This result suggests that the two methods have a parallelism and that their evaluations are superposed&#46; Thus&#44; they are not significantly different&#44; except for the amplitudes of the differences&#44; which were significantly greater in M2&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">DISCUSSION </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> New technology is a real tool of great importance for the investigation and qualification of scientific research&#46; Additionally&#44; in this case&#44; the new instruments contribute to the formulation of new concepts for the observations and anthropometric analyses&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> When observing the process of anthropometric evaluations of individuals&#44; the promotion of human health can be increased because this is one of the factors that lead to the desired accuracy in prescriptions and referrals of physical activity and&#44; consequently&#44; to the quality of life<span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span>&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> In the proposed statistical observation&#44; the correlation between the methods is evident&#44; which qualifies the computerized method as a valid instrument for dermatoglyphic research&#46; In this case&#44; the correlation is crucial for affirming the development of new technologies and applications for this method&#44; which met the criteria of adequate knowledge&#44; perceived applicability and scientific support&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Dermatoglyphics&#44; which starts with an observation of the genetic potential&#44; has the computerized method as a possible quantifying and qualifying tool for analyzing the marker&#44; allowing for a technological evolution in the collection&#44; processing&#44; storage and mathematical treatment of the marker&#46; The potential of statistical analysis of data that can be observed on fingerprints creates possibilities for pattern recognition for the different dermal representations&#44; with the ability to process information intersections that are still unachievable by the traditional method&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The collection of fingerprints by the traditional method provides a unique method of storing images&#44; i&#46;e&#46;&#44; the physical storage of sheets on files&#44; which hinders the recovery of information on the data reported and their location&#46; With the computerized method&#44; all images and data collected are stored virtually&#44; using 4&#46;7 megabytes per individual&#46; Retrieving the image or information depends exclusively on a programmable command&#44; allowing access to data on individuals&#44; groups or even a combination of any of the registered items at any time&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> In the present study&#44; when observing the time spent by the experts for collecting fingerprints&#44; determining the points &#40;core and delta&#41;&#44; counting lines&#44; identifying images&#44; recording data and transferring them to the spreadsheet&#44; the following values were found &#40;in minutes per individual&#41;&#58; 3&#46;48 &#177; 0&#46;8 for the computerized method and 36&#46;02 &#177; 2&#46;06 for the traditional method&#46; The average time spent by the investigators when performing the computerized method represented 9&#46;6 &#37; of the average time spent performing the traditional method&#46; This could allow increased sample sizes in future studies because delays in the collection&#44; description and analysis of data are one of the factors reported by researchers as a barrier to studies with large groups&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The qualitative and the quantitative intersection of information on genotypic characteristics resulting from the use of the computerized method will allow a mathematical treatment when searching for pattern recognition&#44; which will enable the investigation of new characteristics implemented from the fingerprint marker&#46; This process is directly linked to the identification of the complex possibilities of dermatoglyphics&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> Scientific studies correlating the computerized systems of the dermatoglyphic method with the traditional method were not found in the known scientific literature&#46; Similar computerized systems were developed in other countries for use in health care<span class="elsevierStyleSup">18&#44;19</span>&#46; However&#44; the authors did not correlate them with the traditional method proposed by Cummins and Midlo<span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span>&#44; thus not allowing for a comparative analysis between other results&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> In conclusion&#44; the results show the computerized method &#40;M1&#41; is an effective tool for capturing&#44; structuring the design of and analyzing the fingerprints by the dermatoglyphic<span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span> method&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sine qua non</span> condition for the acceptance and recognition of new scientific instruments&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conflict of interest </span></p><p class="elsevierStylePara"> The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"> RESUMO</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objetivo&#46;</span> Correlacionar o m&#233;todo tradicional e o sistema informatizado de an&#225;lise dermatogl&#237;fica&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todos&#46;</span> Amostra de n &#61; 15 indiv&#237;duos&#44; sendo dois avaliadores versus dois m&#233;todos versus amostra&#46; Utilizou-se o protocolo de Cummins e Midlo pelos m&#233;todos&#58; informatizado &#40;M1&#41; e tradicional &#40;M2&#41;&#46; Para observar a correla&#231;&#227;o entre o sistema informatizado e o tradicional&#44; utilizou-se a correla&#231;&#227;o de</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Pearson&#46;</span> Com o intuito de avaliar a reprodutibilidade dos dois m&#233;todos&#44; utilizou-se o teste t de Student pareado&#44; a fim de comparar as varia&#231;&#245;es internas dos dois m&#233;todos&#44; tendo como base as duas medidas derivadas dos dois avaliadores para um mesmo observado&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados&#46;</span> Observou-se que o M1 apresenta uma capacidade maior de identifica&#231;&#227;o quantitativa do n&#250;mero de linhas&#46; M1 &#233; mais eficiente&#44; potencializando o n&#237;vel de assertividade&#46; N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a significativa entre as observa&#231;&#245;es dos avaliadores intra &#40;M1 versus M2&#41; e inter &#40;avaliador 1 versus avaliador 2&#41;&#44; demonstrando a capacidade de reprodutibilidade e confiabilidade do M1&#46; Na compara&#231;&#227;o das varia&#231;&#245;es internas dos dois m&#233;todos&#44; existem diferen&#231;as significativas entre os valores m&#233;dios dos quadrados das diferen&#231;as interavaliadores&#44; e M2 apresenta amplitude 4 vezes maior&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclus&#245;es&#46;</span> Os resultados sugerem o que M1 &#233; um instrumento eficaz na captura&#44; estrutura&#231;&#227;o do desenho e a an&#225;lise das impress&#245;es digitais pelo m&#233;todo dermatogl&#237;fico6&#44; condi&#231;&#227;o sine qua non para a aceita&#231;&#227;o e o reconhecimento cient&#237;fico de novos instrumentos&#46;</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Palavras-chave&#58; </span>Dermatoglifia&#46; Software&#46; Antropometria&#46;</p><hr></hr><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">History of the article&#58; </span><br></br> Received February 20&#44; 2013 <br></br> Accepted July 17&#44; 2013</p><p class="elsevierStylePara"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Correspondence&#58; <br></br></span>R&#46; J&#46; Nodari J&#250;nior&#46;<br></br> Rua Rui Barbosa 411&#44; apto 401&#46;<br></br> CEP&#58; 89&#46;610-000 Herval d&#39;Oeste Santa Catarina&#46; Brasil <br></br> E-mail&#58; <a href="mailto&#58;rudynodari&#46;junior&#64;unoesc&#46;edu&#46;br" class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs">rudynodari&#46;junior&#64;unoesc&#46;edu&#46;br</a></p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objetivo&#46;</span> Correlacionar el m&#233;todo tradicional y el sistema informatizado de an&#225;lisis dermatogr&#225;fico&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">M&#233;todo</span>&#46; Muestra de n &#61; 15 individuos&#44; siendo dos evaluadores <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs </span>dos m&#233;todos <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> la muestra&#46; Se utiliz&#243; el protocolo de Cummins y Midlo por los m&#233;todos&#58; informatizados &#40;M1&#41; y tradicional &#40;M2&#41;&#46; Para observar la correlaci&#243;n entre los dos m&#233;todos&#44; computarizado y tradicional&#44; se utiliz&#243; la correlaci&#243;n de Pearson&#46; Con el fin de evaluar la reproducibilidad de los dos m&#233;todos&#44; se utiliz&#243; el test t de Student pareado para comparar las variaciones internas de los dos m&#233;todos&#44; basado en las dos medidas obtenidas por los mismos dos evaluadores observados&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Resultados</span>&#46; Se observ&#243; que el M1 presenta una capacidad mayor de identificaci&#243;n cuantitativa del n&#250;mero de l&#237;neas&#46; M1 es m&#225;s eficiente&#44; potencializando el nivel de positividad&#46; No hubo diferencia significativa entre las observaciones de los evaluadores intra &#40;M1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> M2&#41; e inter &#40;evaluador 1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vs</span> evaluador 2&#41;&#44; demostrando la capacidad de reproducibilidad y confiabilidad de M1&#46; En la comparaci&#243;n de las variaciones internas de los dos m&#233;todos&#44; existen diferencias significativas entre los valores medios de los cuadrados de las diferencias interevaluadores&#44; y M2 presenta una amplitud 4 veces mayor&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusi&#243;n&#46;</span> Los resultados sugieren que M1 es un instrumento eficaz en la captura&#44; estructuraci&#243;n del dise&#241;o y an&#225;lisis de las huellas digitales por el m&#233;todo dermatogr&#225;fico&#44; condici&#243;n <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">sine qua non </span>para la aceptaci&#243;n y reconocimiento cient&#237;fico de los nuevos instrumentos&#46;</p>"
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        "resumen" => "<p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Objective</span>&#46; To correlate the traditional method and a computerized system of dermatoglyphic analysis&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Methods</span>&#46; Sample of 15 individuals&#44; with two investigators using two methods for each sample&#46; The protocol by Cummins and Midlo was used with the following methods&#58; computerized &#40;M1&#41; and traditional &#40;M2&#41;&#46; Pearson&#39;s correlation was used to observe the correlation between a computerized system and the traditional system&#46; Student&#39;s paired t-test was used to evaluate the reproducibility of both methods&#44; with the aim to compare the internal variations based on two measurements obtained by two investigators for the same observation&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Results</span>&#46; M1 had a greater quantitative capacity for identifying the number of lines&#46; M1 was more efficient&#44; with a higher level of positivity&#46; There was no significant difference between the intra- &#40;M1 and M2&#41; and inter-investigator &#40;investigator 1 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">versus</span> investigator 2&#41; observations&#44; demonstrating the reproducibility and reliability capacity of M1&#46; There were significant differences between the mean values of the squares of the inter-investigator differences &#40;the amplitude of M2 was 4 times greater&#41;&#46;</p> <p class="elsevierStylePara"> <span class="elsevierStyleBold">Conclusion&#46;</span> These results significantly correlate the computerized and traditional methods&#44; which qualifies M1 as the instrument for the capture&#44; structuration of the design and analysis of the digital fingerprints through a dermatoglyphic method using the digital fingerprint marker&#44; which is the essential condition to acceptance and scientific recognition of new instruments&#46;</p>"
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es en pt

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