Diversity and distribution of lepidopteran-specific toxin genes in Bacillus thuringiensis strains from Argentina

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Parellada, Mercedes Igarza, Paula Isacc, Alicia Bardón, Marcela Ferrero, Keshav Lalit Ameta, Adriana Neske" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Eduardo A." 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(A) Electrophoretic analysis of crystal proteins. Lanes: 1, INTA TA21-2; 2, INTA H4-1; 3, INTA H4-3; 4, INTA H3-3; 5, INTA Mo14-1; 6, INTA H48-5; 7, kurstaki HD-1; 8, thuringiensis HD-2; 9, morrisoni strain tenebrionis. MW with sizes indicated on the left (kDa) (Promega). (B) Plasmid profiles. Lanes: 1, INTA TA21-2; 2, kurstaki HD-1; 3, INTA H4-1; 4, INTA H4-3; 5, INTA Mo14-1; 6, INTA H48-5; 7, INTA H3-3; 8, kurstaki HD-1; 9, thuringiensis HD-2. MW with sizes indicated on the left (bp) (Promega). (C) REP-PCR fingerprinting. Lanes: 1, thuringiensis HD2; 2, israelensis HD-567; 3, morrisoni strain tenebrionis; 4, kurstaki HD-1; 5, INTA H3-3; 6, INTA H4-3; 7, INTA H48-5; 8, INTA Mo14-1; 9, INTA TA21-2; 10, INTA H4-1. MW with sizes indicated on the right (bp) (Invitrogen)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Melisa P. Pérez, Diego H. Sauka, María I. Onco, Marcelo F. Berretta, Graciela B. Benintende" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Melisa P." 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Benintende" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Diego H." "apellidos" => "Sauka" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "sauka.diego@inta.gob.ar" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Graciela B." "apellidos" => "Benintende" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola INTA, CC No 25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author at: Insumos Bacterianos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De los Reseros y Las Cabañas s/nro, CC 25, C.P. 1712, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Diversidad y distribución de genes de toxinas insecticidas Lepidoptera-específicos en cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis de Argentina" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1606 "Ancho" => 2839 "Tamanyo" => 134524 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Insecticidal toxin gene composition of Argentine B. thuringiensis." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionThe extensive culture of crops requires the utilization of chemical insecticides to control the attack of lepidopteran pests, which may be toxic and may cause environmental hazards when used improperly. Therefore, the interest in the application of bioinsecticides based on the gram-positive entomopathogenic bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis as an option instead of chemical insecticides has contributed to establish B. thuringiensis collections all around the world, since they have a limited and particular spectrum of toxicity to a specific range of insect species<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415">37</a>. Characterization of these collections has revealed the great variability, diversity and distribution of this bacterium in nature. B. thuringiensis is found in soil, in stored product dust, in the phylloplane of plants, and in insects and their habitats, even in spider webs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">4,23,30,38,42,43</a>. Furthermore, some degree of relationship has been established between the distribution of B. thuringiensis and the type of sample, and between their distribution and the geographical or climate region of origin<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">23,43</a>.The insecticidal properties of B. thuringiensis are mainly attributed to the synthesis of insecticidal crystal proteins (Cry proteins) and/or vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vip proteins), which are synthesized during sporulation or vegetative growth, respectively. More than 700 cry and 130 vip genes have been identified and classified into classes and subclasses based on the percent of pairwise amino acid identity of their corresponding proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">15</a>. It has been established that genes within the cry1, cry2, cry9 and vip3 groups encode proteins that are toxic against lepidopteran larvae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265">7</a>. Recently, a cry8 gene has been included into this selected group of encoding lepidopteran active proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235">1</a>. Generally, Cry producer strains synthesize 130–140kDa proteins contained in bipyramidal crystals and also synthesize 65kDa proteins contained in smaller cuboidal crystals which have a somewhat extended toxicity spectrum, as some are also mildly toxic to mosquito larvae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275">9</a>. Still, some lepidopteran-active B. thuringiensis strains can produce 130kDa proteins which occur as spherical inclusions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">1,44</a>. Most B. thuringiensis strains harbor complex insecticidal gene combinations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255">5,8,27,43</a>, such as the well-known HD-1 strain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">46</a>, whereas some others can harbor a single cry gene, such as strain HD-73 strain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375">29</a>.The aim of the present work was to characterize a B. thuringiensis collection from Argentina. We determined the diversity and distribution of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal toxin genes in these isolates and tried to correlate these gene profiles with the region and source of isolation. In addition, the toxicity of specific B. thuringiensis native isolates harboring at least one of these insecticidal toxin genes was analyzed through bioassays against E. aporema, a lepidopteran insect that may attack legume crops in Argentina and other regions of South America.Materials and methodsB. thuringiensis isolates and strainsTwo hundred and sixty eight B. thuringiensis strains collected from soils, stored product dust, leaves, spider webs, and dead insect larvae from different regions of Argentina were obtained from the Instituto de Microbiologia y Zoologia Agricola – Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria (IMYZA-INTA) bacterial collection. B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1 and serovar israelensis HD-567 were kindly provided by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), Agricultural Research Service (Peoria, USA), and B. thuringiensis serovar morrisoni DSM2803 by the Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV, Irapuato, Mexico). Powders of spore-crystal complexes were obtained as previously described and kept at −20°C until further use<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">38</a>.Characterization of crystals and their protein compositionParasporal inclusions of each isolate were primarily classified through phase-contrast microscopy. The protein composition of crystals was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with 3% stacking gel and 10% running gel in a Bio-Rad Mini Protean 3 Cell system. Electrophoresis was carried out at 50V for 15min and 100V for 2h. Gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. High molecular weight standard mixture (Sigma SDS-6H) was used to estimate molecular masses of crystal proteins.Detection and identification of insecticidal toxin genesThe DNA templates for PCR were obtained as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405">35</a>. Five microliter of supernatant was used as DNA template in each reaction. Detection of cry1 genes was carried out by following conditions, essentially as previously described by Juarez-Perez et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">27</a>, using the I(+) and I(−) group primers. Further identification of cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ad, cry1B, cry1C, cry1D, cry1F and cry1G was conducted as described by Ceron et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285">11,12</a> and Juarez-Perez et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">27</a> PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods previously described by Sauka et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400">34,35,39</a> were used to detect and identify cry2, cry1I and vip3A genes. Detection of cry9 genes was carried out by following conditions as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">38</a>, using the 9GP and 9GN group primers. For the detection of cry8 genes, novel specific primers were designed based on the analysis of conserved regions by multiple alignments of DNA sequences in the “Bt toxin nomenclature website”<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305">15</a> using ClustalW (<a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/">http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/</a>) and Oligoanalyzer 3.1 (<a href="http://scitools.idtdna.com/scitools/Applications/OligoAnalyzer/">http://scitools.idtdna.com/scitools/Applications/OligoAnalyzer/</a>). This PCR was carried out according to Sauka et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">38</a>, but using 2mM MgCl2 per reaction and each cycle consisting of an annealing step at 48°C for 1min. Primers used for the amplification of a DNA fragment of 927–945bp in size of cry8 genes and the others used during the course of this study are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Purification and solubilization of crystalsCrystals of selected B. thuringiensis strains were purified by continuous NaBr gradient differential centrifugation and solubilized as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">38</a>.Epinotia aporema bioassaysToxicity of B. thuringiensis spore-crystal suspensions was analyzed by bioassays against neonate larvae of E. aporema Wals. (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae). Spore-crystal suspensions (final concentration 2.5μg/ml) were incorporated into polypropylene conical tubes containing a thermostatized (40°C) artificial diet for E. aporema and poured into each well of a 24-well plate (Nunc 143982)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330">20</a>. Only sterile distilled water was added to the negative controls and also serovar kurstaki HD-1 strain was used as positive controls. Twenty four neonate E. aporema larvae were used per assay (three replicates at least). Mortality was registered after 5 days at 29°C. E. aporema larvae were considered dead if they failed to respond to gentle probing. Bioassays with purified and solubilized crystals were conducted in the same way, except that a series of six concentrations (concentration range: 3.500–0.272μg/ml; dilution factor: 0.600) were prepared in order to establish the concentration-response relationship by probit analysis. Twenty four larvae were tested for each concentration. Statistical restrictions were followed as mentioned earlier<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350">24</a>.Results and discussionCharacterization of an Argentine B. thuringiensis collectionIn this manuscript, we present the characterization of a B. thuringiensis collection built from strains isolated from different sources of Argentina. This characterization contributes to a better knowledge of B. thuringiensis diversity in Argentina and South America, where only a few large collections have been extensively characterized<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245">3,6,17,41,42</a>. Moreover, even fewer studies have reported a detailed characterization of B. thuringiensis strain collections in terms of insecticidal toxin gene content<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440">42</a>. In particular, this Argentine B. thuringiensis collection was characterized through different methods focused only on putative lepidopteran-active isolates. PCR and PCR-RFLP results showed that 195 strains out of 268 harbors, at least one anti-lepidopteran toxin gene. Those B. thuringiensis strains isolated from the same sample that share the same morphology of parasporal crystals, the same protein composition of crystals as revealed by SDS-PAGE and the same insecticidal toxin gene profile were considered twin strains. Exclusion of twin strains is important in order to get a real estimation of the diversity of the sampled areas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400">34</a>. That is, 80 of these isolates were selected for further studies in order to avoid an overestimation of distribution frequencies. A full list of these isolates and their main characteristics are presented in the Supplementary Table.The specific characterization of these selected isolates produced ten different profiles of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal genes (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). The cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa, and cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa profiles were the most frequently detected. Both profiles pooled 75.0% of the selected strains. The low number of different profiles and this high frequency of strains harboring these two insecticidal toxin gene profiles that differ by a single gene would only indicate low diversity in native strains of Argentina. The existence of this low diversity is a rarity, since in most of the studied collections a great diversity of insecticidal toxin gene profiles has been described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250">4,5,8,18,19,23,42,43,45</a>. Some others were detected at very low frequencies. That is the case of the cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C, cry1D, cry1Ia, cry2Ab, cry9 and vip3Aa profiles. The simultaneous presence of cry1C and cry1D genes is a common feature in most of the screening studies of insecticidal toxin genes but it is not in our collection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255">5,19,23,43</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The combination of insecticidal toxin genes seems to be not random. For example, strong associations were observed between the three subclasses of cry1A genes. As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>, cry1Aa/cry1Ac, and cry1Aa/cry1Ab/cry1Ac have a strong tendency to occur together. The existence of strains harboring these cry gene combinations may be explained by previous studies on B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1. Carlton and González<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280">10</a> suggested that the cry1Aa and cry1Ac genes would be located together in a smaller and unstable ∼44-MDa plasmid that can be cured easily. While cry1, cry2 and vip3Aa genes tend to be found together, these results also suggest that this association does not exist between them and cry8 or cry9 genes. Some specific classes of the cry1 and cry2 genes were found together very frequently. The presence of one cry1 gene at least with one cry2 was detected in 92.5% of the Argentine strains. This kind of association is known and has been reported previously<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240">2,5,23,31,33,42</a>. Among cry2 genes, a strong association was observed between cry2Aa and cry2Ab; 87.5% of the strains showed to harbor these genes. This combination was also the most frequent (90.4%) in B. thuringiensis strains isolated from China<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370">28</a>. Ben-Dov et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255">5</a> reported that this kind of association was found in strains from Israel, Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan but less frequently (34.4%).Wang et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445">43</a> reported a strong association between cry1A and cry1I genes in strains isolated from China. In our study, we observed this association in 71.0% of the strains. This strong association is attributed to the relationship between the three subclasses of cry1A detected in our study and the cry1Ia gene and, between cry1Ac and cry1Ib. He et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335">21</a> reported that B. thuringiensis subsp. chinensis CT-43 harbors the cry1Aa3, cry1Ia14, cry2Aa9, cry2Ab and vip3Aa10 genes close to each other in the largest plasmid of the strain. This observation can explain the strong association between these genes reported in 75.0% of the strains in our study. Lately, Zhu et al.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460">46</a> have confirmed that strain HD-1 harbors six crystal protein genes. Four of these proteins (cry1Aa, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, and cry2Ab) are located on the large plasmid pBMB299 with the vegetative insecticidal protein gene vip3Aa where they form a pathogenicity island; two additional proteins are located on plasmids pBMB95 (cry1Ac) and pBMB65 (cry1Ab). Although it is clear that some profiles of insecticidal toxin genes are more common in nature than others, probably providing a major biologic advantage to their host, further studies are required to understand this relationships.It is worth noting that 88.8% of the Argentine strains that harbor cry1 and cry2 genes also show bipyramidal and cuboidal crystals as observed by phase-contrast microscopy, and protein patterns of approximately 130 and 65kDa as revealed by SDS-PAGE (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). These characteristics are typical of strains expressing Cry1 and Cry2 proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430">40</a>. Strains harboring cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C, cry1D, cry1Ia, cry2Ab, cry9, vip3Aa (1.2%) or cry1Ac, cry2Ab, vip3Aa (1.2%) profiles produced only bipyramidal crystals and a unique band of approximately 130kDa (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). However, cuboidal inclusions and a approximately 65kDa band at the SDS-PAGE gel typical of strains expressing Cry2 proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340">22</a> were not detected in these Argentine strains. It is noteworthy that other B. thuringiensis strains that harbor a cry2Ab gene contain little or no Cry2Ab protein in their crystalline inclusions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310">16</a>. Lack of expression of cry2Ab genes has been related to mutations that lead to a loss in the coding frame<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300">14</a>, to the lack of a functional promoter<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355">25</a>, and to the lack of expression due to a post-transcriptional factor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">38</a>. Since the cry1I and vip3Aa genes encode insecticidal proteins secreted during the vegetative phase of growth of B. thuringiensis<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415">37</a>, they do not form parasporal crystal, thus their protein pattern is not expected to be in our SDS-PAGE gels. Those strains that harbor simply cry9 (2.5%) or cry8 (5.0%) genes exhibited an ovoid shape, containing a major protein of approximately 130kDa (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>). To our knowledge, the association among cry9 genes, this type of crystal shape and this major protein component kDa have not been reported previously. By contrast, Cry8-associated ovoid crystals resembled the parasporal bodies of some atypical Lepidopteran toxic strains previously reported by our group and other researchers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235">1,44</a>.Distribution of insecticidal toxin gene profiles in B. thuringiensis strains isolated from different sourcesThe analysis of the insecticidal toxin gene distribution according to the sample source of the strains is presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>. We found that the strains containing the most common profiles cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa were more frequently derived from soil (70.0%), stored product dust (59.0%) and spider webs (50.0%). On the other hand, the cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa were mainly detected in strains isolated from leaves (40.0%) and dead insect larvae (50.0%). Six of ten of the identified insecticidal toxin gene profiles were observed in strains isolated from stored product dust and leaves. These data may indicate that the diversity of insecticidal gene profiles is somewhat higher in these kinds of sample sources than in soil, dead insect larvae and spider web samples. In previous studies, some authors have suggested that stored product dust<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">23,43</a> and phylloplane of plants<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360">26</a> are a rich source of diversity of B. thuringiensis. These results imply that stored product dust and leaf samples are a rich source of diversity of B. thuringiensis and confirms previous findings.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia>Disaggregate analysis of the insecticidal toxin gene contentThe insecticidal toxin gene composition of the B. thuringiensis strains was also analyzed (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>). Strains containing cry1A or cry2A genes were the most abundant and represent 74 of the 80 (92.5%) studied B. thuringiensis (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>); 91.3% of the strains harbor a vip3A gene and 88.8% a cry1I gene. Just 5.0% and 2.5% of the strains contained a cry8 or cry9 gene respectively. The cry1Ac (91.3%), cry2Ab (91.3%), vip3Aa (91.3%), cry2Aa (88.8%), cry1Ia (82.5%), cry1Aa (77.5%), and cry1Ab (38.8%) genes were the most frequently detected, while cry1Ib (6.3%), and cry1E (6.3%) genes were less abundant. Very few cry1C (1.3%) and cry1D (1.3%) genes were found. Not all of the searched classes and subclasses of cry1, cry2 and vip3 genes were identified in the Argentine strains.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia>Correlation between the toxicity of Argentine B. thuringiensis strains against E. aporema and their insecticidal toxin gene profilesPreliminary bioassays with spore-crystal suspensions (final concentration 2.5μg/ml) of the 80 Argentine B. thuringiensis strains were performed with neonate larvae of E. aporema. These strains showed a mortality range of 0.0–52.5% (see Supplementary Table). A classification of the strains according to their toxicity and insecticidal toxin gene profiles is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>. Most strains are classified in the category of 20–40% mortality. However, there were six strains that caused more than 40% mortality. The most toxic strains were isolated from phylloplane, soil, stored product dust and spider webs and harbored cry1A, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa genes. On the contrary, the six less toxic/nontoxic strains showed mortality rates under 4% and were mainly isolated from phylloplane and one from soil. These strains harbored cry8 or cry9 genes. These results suggest that multiple insecticidal toxin gene profiles may be used as markers for the spectrum of insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis strains as previously suggested<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295">13</a>. In addition, the mortality rate was not always associated with the insecticidal toxin gene content of particular strains. Strains harboring the same insecticidal gene profile differed in their level of toxicity against E. aporema (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>). For example, strains INTA H3-5 and INTA H6-3 that shared the same insecticidal toxin gene profile (cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa) showed 38.3% and 12.7% mortality. This kind of results may be observed in previous reports<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345">23,31</a>; however, the reasons of those variations still remain to be studied. Furthermore, it is clear that the toxic levels of B. thuringiensis in the target insects are influenced by many factors including the insecticidal toxin gene profiles, the level of expression of these genes, possible synergism between insecticidal proteins, and other unknown or undetected virulence factors. These reasons may hamper the PCR ability as a precise predictive tool for insecticidal activity in B. thuringiensis strains. The genome sequencing of all strains may overcome some of these factors. However, this partial solution is difficult for now because of the high cost of sequencing a large number of strains. Despite of all this, our results showed that different B. thuringiensis strains obtained from the same sample showed certain relationship between the level of toxicity and specific insecticidal toxin gene profiles. In general, strains harboring genes cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa were more toxic than those harboring genes cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa, and these more than those harboring genes cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa. In a previous study, Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac had shown to be the most active proteins against neonate larvae of E. aporema, followed by Cry1Aa with LC50 values of 0.55, 1.39 and 4.14μg/ml, respectively<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410">36</a>.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia>Bioassays with solubilized pure crystals of Argentine B. thuringiensis strains.The five most toxic isolates were further bioassayed with serial dilutions of solubilized crystals for LC50 estimation (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>). According to the LC50 values and their fiducial limits, B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki HD-1, B. thuringiensis INTA H46-18 and INTA H48-34 were the most toxic against E. aporema, although the difference among them was not statistically significant. The two Argentine strains were isolated from samples of phylloplane and both shared the same insecticidal toxin gene profile. In contrast, the other less toxic strains harbored a similar insecticidal toxin gene profile lacking the cry1Ab gene. B. thuringiensis H46-18 and INTA H48-34 could be used as active ingredients of pesticides formulated for controlling E. aporema.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia>Ethical disclosuresProtection of human and animal subjectsThe authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study.Confidentiality of dataThe authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors declare that no patient data appear in this article.Conflict of interestThe authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:11 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres883275" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec869976" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres883274" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec869975" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "B. thuringiensis isolates and strains" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Characterization of crystals and their protein composition" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Detection and identification of insecticidal toxin genes" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Purification and solubilization of crystals" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Epinotia aporema bioassays" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Results and discussion" "secciones" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Characterization of an Argentine B. thuringiensis collection" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Distribution of insecticidal toxin gene profiles in B. thuringiensis strains isolated from different sources" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Disaggregate analysis of the insecticidal toxin gene content" ] 3 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0060" "titulo" => "Correlation between the toxicity of Argentine B. thuringiensis strains against E. aporema and their insecticidal toxin gene profiles" ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0065" "titulo" => "Bioassays with solubilized pure crystals of Argentine B. thuringiensis strains." ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0070" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0075" "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0080" "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0085" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0090" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 9 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack295017" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 10 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2016-04-28" "fechaAceptado" => "2017-02-24" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec869976" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Bacillus thuringiensis" 1 => "Cry" 2 => "Vip" 3 => "Lepidoptera" 4 => "Epinotia aporema" 5 => "Argentina" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec869975" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Bacillus thuringiensis" 1 => "Cry" 2 => "Vip" 3 => "Lepidoptera" 4 => "Epinotia aporema" 5 => "Argentina" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "A total of 268 Bacillus thuringiensis strains obtained from different sources of Argentina were analyzed to determine the diversity and distribution of the cry1, cry2, cry8, cry9 and vip3A genes encoding for lepidopteran-specific insecticidal proteins. Twin strains were excluded. Ten different profiles were detected among the 80 selected B. thuringiensis strains. Two of these profiles (cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa (35/80), and cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa (25/80)) pooled 75% of the strains. The existence of this low diversity is rare, since in most of the studied collections a great diversity of insecticidal toxin gene profiles has been described. In addition, the most frequently detected profile was also most frequently derived from soil (70%), stored product dust (59%) and spider webs (50%). In contrast, the cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa profiles were mainly detected in strains isolated from leaves (40%) and dead insect larvae (50%). Six of the identified insecticidal toxin gene profiles were discovered in strains isolated from stored product dust and leaves indicating higher diversity of profiles in these kinds of sources than in others. Some strains with high insecticidal activity against Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera) larvae were identified, which is important to explore future microbial strategies for the control of this crop pest in the region." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "Se analizaron 268 cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis obtenidas de diferentes fuentes de Argentina con el objeto de determinar la diversidad y distribución de genes cry1, cry2, cry8, cry9 y vip3A, que codifican proteínas insecticidas lepidóptero-específicas. Se excluyeron las cepas gemelas. Se detectaron solo diez perfiles diferentes entre los 80 B. thuringiensis seleccionados. Dos de estos perfiles, el cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab y vip3Aa (35/80) y el cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab y vip3Aa (25/80), comprendieron el 75% de las cepas seleccionadas. La existencia de esta baja diversidad es una rareza, ya que en la mayor parte de las colecciones estudiadas se ha descrito una gran diversidad de perfiles de genes de toxinas insecticidas. El perfil detectado con mayor frecuencia se obtuvo principalmente de cepas procedentes de suelo (el 70% de los de esa fuente lo tenían), también fue mayoritario entre los procedentes de polvo de producto almacenado (59%) y en los que procedían de telas de araña (50%). En cambio, el perfil cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab y vip3Aa se detectó principalmente en las cepas aisladas de hojas (40%) y de larvas de insectos muertos (50%). Seis de los perfiles identificados fueron encontrados en cepas aisladas de polvo de producto almacenado y de hojas, lo que indica una mayor diversidad de perfiles en estas fuentes que en otras. Se identificaron algunas cepas con alta actividad insecticida contra larvas de Epinotia aporema (Lepidoptera), hallazgo importante para explorar en el futuro estrategias microbianas para el control de esta plaga en la región." ] ] "apendice" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "apendice" => "<elsevierMultimedia ident="upi0005"></elsevierMultimedia>" "etiqueta" => "Appendix A" "titulo" => "Supplementary data" "identificador" => "sec0110" ] ] ] ] "multimedia" => array:7 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 1606 "Ancho" => 2839 "Tamanyo" => 134524 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Insecticidal toxin gene composition of Argentine B. thuringiensis." ] ] 1 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primer pair \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sequence \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Expected size (bp) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene/s recognized \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">References \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">I(+) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TRACRHTDDBDGTATTAGAT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1500–1600 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">27</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">I(−) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MDATYTCTAKRTCTTGACTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IAb \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CGGATGCTCATAGAGGAGAA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">∼1400 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ab \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365">27</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">I(−) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">MDATYTCTAKRTCTTGACTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TTATACTTGGTTCAGGCCC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">246 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa/cry1Ad \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TTGGAGCTCTCAAGGTGTAA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ3 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CAGCCGATTTACCTTCTA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">171 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ad \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TTGGAGCTCTCAAGGTGTAA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ4 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AACAACTATCTGTTCTTGAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">216 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ab/cry1Ac \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ5 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CTCTTATTATACTTACACTAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GTTAGATTAAATAGTAGTGG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">180 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ7 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TGTAGCTGGTACTGTATTG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CTTCATCACGATGGAGTAA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">367 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CATAATTTGGTCGTTCTGTT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ10 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AAAGATCTGGAACACCTTT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ11 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CAAACTCTAAATCCTTTCAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ12 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CTGCAGCAAGCTATCCAA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">290 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1D \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285">11</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ13 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ATTTGAATTGTCAAGGCCTG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GGAACCAAGACGAACTATTGC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">147 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1E \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GGTTGAATGAACCCTACTCCC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ16 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TGAGGATTCTCCAGTTTCTGC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">177 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ17 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CGGTTACCAGCCGTATTTCG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">ATATGGAGTGAATAGGGCG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">235 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1G \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290">12</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ19 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TGAACGGCGATTACATGC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1IF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CTCAACACAAGGRTCTAC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">665 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry1I \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405">35</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1IR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CTAAGTCCTCTCCTCTATTC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">II(+) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TAAAGAAAGTGGGGAGTCTT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">∼1556 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390">32</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">II(−) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AACTCCATCGTTATTTGTAG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S8F \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GAATGCCTATCSGATGA \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">927–945 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">This study \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S8R \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CCABGCTTGTTGGAGTC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">9GP \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">CGGCAAATTTAGTGTCRTGCTTATC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">640–643 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">cry9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420">38</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">9GN \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">AATTCAAGATTTCCTARCGTCGC \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DS3AF \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">GTGAAAACAAGTGGCAGTG \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">608 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">vip3A \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425">39</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DS3AR \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">TCCGCTTCACTTGATTCTACT \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="" valign="top"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1491094.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Characteristics of primers used for insecticidal toxin gene detection and identification" ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0010" "etiqueta" => "Table 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at2" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "B: bipyramidal; C: cuboidal; O: ovoid." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Profiles of insecticidal toxin genes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Crystal morphologies \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Protein size (kDa) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No. of strains/frequency \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac and cry2Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B and C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (1.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B and C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (31.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C, cry1D, cry1Ia, cry2Ab, cry9 and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (1.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B and C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">35 (43.8%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B and C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (5.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry1E, cry1Ib, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B and C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (6.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B and C \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (1.2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">B \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (2.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (5.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">O \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="left" valign="top">130 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (2.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1491095.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Distribution of insecticidal toxin genes in the Argentine Bacillus thuringiensis collection (n=80)" ] ] 3 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0015" "etiqueta" => "Table 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at3" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Profiles of insecticidal toxin genes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Soils \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Dead insect larvae \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Stored product dust \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Leaves \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Spider webs \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=22) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=30) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">(n=8) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac and cry2Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (3.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (10.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (50.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (22.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12 (40.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (25.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C, cry1D, cry1Ia, cry2Ab, cry9 and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (4.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (70.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (10.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">13 (59.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">10 (33.3%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (50.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (4.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (10.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry1E, cry1Ib, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (40.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (4.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (10.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (4.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (12.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (10.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (6.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (12.5%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (6.7%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1491092.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Insecticidal toxin gene distribution according to sample origin" ] ] 4 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0020" "etiqueta" => "Table 4" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at4" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "leyenda" => "Samples tested n=80." "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Profiles of insecticidal toxin genes \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mortality</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><20% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">20–40% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">>40% \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac and cry2Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (100.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">5 (20.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18 (72.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (8.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1C, cry1D, cry1Ia, cry2Ab, cry9 and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (100.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7 (20.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">25 (71.4%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3 (8.6%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (25.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (50.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (25.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry1E, cry1Ib, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (80.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (20.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 (100.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry1Ac, cry2Ab and vip3Aa \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (100.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry8 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4 (100.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">cry9 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 (100.0%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1491093.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Classification of the selected B. thuringiensis strains into groups according to their mortality rate against E. aporema" ] ] 5 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0025" "etiqueta" => "Table 5" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at5" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:2 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Isolate/strain \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005">a</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LC50<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010">b</a> (μg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015">c</a> (%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LC90<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025">d</a> (μg/ml) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Slope \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">χ2 (4gl)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020">e</a> \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HD-1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.69 (0.54–0.85) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">12.14 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.12 (1.58–3.43) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.68 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.23 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INTA H48-34 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.91 (0.74–1.10) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">9.27 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.27 (1.77–3.34) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.25 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.87 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INTA H46-18 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.79 (0.61–0.98) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">19.39 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.56 (1.88–4.32) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.50 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.97 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INTA Fo3-2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.11 (0.91–1.36) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">16.82 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.88 (2.20–4.39) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.15 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">3.32 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INTA Mo9-1 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.35 (1.10–1.69) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">7.83 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.80 (2.80–6.43) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.33 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INTA TA20-6 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">1.50 (1.22–1.87) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">18.06 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">4.25 (3.08–7.45) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">2.84 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry " align="char" valign="top">0.55 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab1491091.png" ] ] ] "notaPie" => array:5 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0005" "etiqueta" => "a" "nota" => "1, cry1Aa, cry1Ab, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa; 2, cry1Aa, cry1Ac, cry1Ia, cry2Aa, cry2Ab and vip3Aa." ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0010" "etiqueta" => "b" "nota" => "Mean lethal concentration and 95% confidence interval." ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0015" "etiqueta" => "c" "nota" => "Coefficient of variation." ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0025" "etiqueta" => "d" "nota" => "90% lethal concentration and 95% confidence interval." ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "tblfn0020" "etiqueta" => "e" "nota" => "Chi-square." ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Probit analysis of the most toxic strains against E. aporema" ] ] 6 => array:5 [ "identificador" => "upi0005" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAECOMPONENTE" "mostrarFloat" => false "mostrarDisplay" => true "Ecomponente" => array:2 [ "fichero" => "mmc1.docx" "ficheroTamanyo" => 23684 ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0005" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:46 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0235" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Identification, cloning and expression of an insecticide cry8 gene from Bacillus thuringiensis INTA Fr7-4" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "A. Amadio" 1 => "L. Navas" 2 => "D. Sauka" 3 => "M. Berretta" 4 => "G. Benintende" 5 => "R. Zandomeni" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1159/000353206" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol" "fecha" => "2013" "volumen" => "23" "paginaInicial" => "401" "paginaFinal" => "409" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24008260" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0240" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Isolation and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from different grain habitats in Turkey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "Ö. Apaydin" 1 => "A. Yenidünya" 2 => "S. Harsa" 3 => "H. 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Diversidad y distribución de genes de toxinas insecticidas Lepidoptera-específicos en cepas de Bacillus thuringiensis de Argentina

Diego H. Sauka

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sauka.diego@inta.gob.ar

Corresponding author at: Insumos Bacterianos, Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria, De los Reseros y Las Cabañas s/nro, CC 25, C.P. 1712, Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

, Graciela B. Benintende

Instituto de Microbiología y Zoología Agrícola INTA, CC No 25 (1712), Castelar, Buenos Aires, Argentina

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      "titulo" => "Selection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> strains toxic to cotton boll weevil &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Anthonomus grandis</span>&#44; Coleoptera&#58; Curculionidae&#41; larvae"
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    "titulo" => "Diversity and distribution of lepidopteran-specific toxin genes in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> strains from Argentina"
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        "titulo" => "Diversidad y distribuci&#243;n de genes de toxinas insecticidas Lepidoptera-espec&#237;ficos en cepas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> de Argentina"
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Insecticidal toxin gene composition of Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span>&#46;</p>"
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    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0025">Introduction</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The extensive culture of crops requires the utilization of chemical insecticides to control the attack of lepidopteran pests&#44; which may be toxic and may cause environmental hazards when used improperly&#46; Therefore&#44; the interest in the application of bioinsecticides based on the gram-positive entomopathogenic bacterium <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> as an option instead of chemical insecticides has contributed to establish <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> collections all around the world&#44; since they have a limited and particular spectrum of toxicity to a specific range of insect species<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#46; Characterization of these collections has revealed the great variability&#44; diversity and distribution of this bacterium in nature&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> is found in soil&#44; in stored product dust&#44; in the phylloplane of plants&#44; and in insects and their habitats&#44; even in spider webs<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;23&#44;30&#44;38&#44;42&#44;43</span></a>&#46; Furthermore&#44; some degree of relationship has been established between the distribution of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> and the type of sample&#44; and between their distribution and the geographical or climate region of origin<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The insecticidal properties of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> are mainly attributed to the synthesis of insecticidal crystal proteins &#40;Cry proteins&#41; and&#47;or vegetative insecticidal proteins &#40;Vip proteins&#41;&#44; which are synthesized during sporulation or vegetative growth&#44; respectively&#46; More than 700 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry</span> and 130 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip</span> genes have been identified and classified into classes and subclasses based on the percent of pairwise amino acid identity of their corresponding proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a>&#46; It has been established that genes within the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3</span> groups encode proteins that are toxic against lepidopteran larvae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0265"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46; Recently&#44; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> gene has been included into this selected group of encoding lepidopteran active proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46; Generally&#44; Cry producer strains synthesize 130&#8211;140<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa proteins contained in bipyramidal crystals and also synthesize 65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa proteins contained in smaller cuboidal crystals which have a somewhat extended toxicity spectrum&#44; as some are also mildly toxic to mosquito larvae<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0275"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; Still&#44; some lepidopteran-active <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains can produce 130<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa proteins which occur as spherical inclusions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;44</span></a>&#46; Most <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains harbor complex insecticidal gene combinations<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;8&#44;27&#44;43</span></a>&#44; such as the well-known HD-1 strain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a>&#44; whereas some others can harbor a single <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry</span> gene&#44; such as strain HD-73 strain<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0375"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">29</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The aim of the present work was to characterize a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> collection from Argentina&#46; We determined the diversity and distribution of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal toxin genes in these isolates and tried to correlate these gene profiles with the region and source of isolation&#46; In addition&#44; the toxicity of specific <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> native isolates harboring at least one of these insecticidal toxin genes was analyzed through bioassays against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span>&#44; a lepidopteran insect that may attack legume crops in Argentina and other regions of South America&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Materials and methods</span><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> isolates and strains</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Two hundred and sixty eight <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains collected from soils&#44; stored product dust&#44; leaves&#44; spider webs&#44; and dead insect larvae from different regions of Argentina were obtained from the Instituto de Microbiologia y Zoologia Agricola &#8211; Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuaria &#40;IMYZA-INTA&#41; bacterial collection&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> serovar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kurstaki</span> HD-1 and serovar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">israelensis</span> HD-567 were kindly provided by the United States Department of Agriculture &#40;USDA&#41;&#44; Agricultural Research Service &#40;Peoria&#44; USA&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> serovar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">morrisoni</span> DSM2803 by the Centro de Investigacion y Estudios Avanzados &#40;CINVESTAV&#44; Irapuato&#44; Mexico&#41;&#46; Powders of spore-crystal complexes were obtained as previously described and kept at &#8722;20<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C until further use<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Characterization of crystals and their protein composition</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Parasporal inclusions of each isolate were primarily classified through phase-contrast microscopy&#46; The protein composition of crystals was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis &#40;SDS-PAGE&#41; with 3&#37; stacking gel and 10&#37; running gel in a Bio-Rad Mini Protean 3 Cell system&#46; Electrophoresis was carried out at 50<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V for 15<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min and 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>V for 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h&#46; Gels were stained with Coomassie Brilliant Blue&#46; High molecular weight standard mixture &#40;Sigma SDS-6H&#41; was used to estimate molecular masses of crystal proteins&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Detection and identification of insecticidal toxin genes</span><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The DNA templates for PCR were obtained as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&#46; Five microliter of supernatant was used as DNA template in each reaction&#46; Detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span> genes was carried out by following conditions&#44; essentially as previously described by Juarez-Perez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&#44; using the I&#40;&#43;&#41; and I&#40;&#8722;&#41; group primers&#46; Further identification of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ad</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1B</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1F</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1G</span> was conducted as described by Ceron et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11&#44;12</span></a> and Juarez-Perez et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a> PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism &#40;PCR-RFLP&#41; methods previously described by Sauka et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34&#44;35&#44;39</span></a> were used to detect and identify <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1I</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3A</span> genes&#46; Detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> genes was carried out by following conditions as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#44; using the 9GP and 9GN group primers&#46; For the detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> genes&#44; novel specific primers were designed based on the analysis of conserved regions by multiple alignments of DNA sequences in the &#8220;Bt toxin nomenclature website&#8221;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0305"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">15</span></a> using ClustalW &#40;<a href="http://www.ebi.ac.uk/clustalw/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;www&#46;ebi&#46;ac&#46;uk&#47;clustalw&#47;</a>&#41; and Oligoanalyzer 3&#46;1 &#40;<a href="http://scitools.idtdna.com/scitools/Applications/OligoAnalyzer/">http&#58;&#47;&#47;scitools&#46;idtdna&#46;com&#47;scitools&#47;Applications&#47;OligoAnalyzer&#47;</a>&#41;&#46; This PCR was carried out according to Sauka et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#44; but using 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mM MgCl<span class="elsevierStyleInf">2</span> per reaction and each cycle consisting of an annealing step at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C for 1<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>min&#46; Primers used for the amplification of a DNA fragment of 927&#8211;945<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>bp in size of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> genes and the others used during the course of this study are summarized in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Purification and solubilization of crystals</span><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Crystals of selected <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains were purified by continuous NaBr gradient differential centrifugation and solubilized as previously described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epinotia aporema</span> bioassays</span><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Toxicity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> spore-crystal suspensions was analyzed by bioassays against neonate larvae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span> Wals&#46; &#40;Lepidoptera&#58; Tortricidae&#41;&#46; Spore-crystal suspensions &#40;final concentration 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#41; were incorporated into polypropylene conical tubes containing a thermostatized &#40;40<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#41; artificial diet for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span> and poured into each well of a 24-well plate &#40;Nunc 143982&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0330"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">20</span></a>&#46; Only sterile distilled water was added to the negative controls and also serovar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kurstaki</span> HD-1 strain was used as positive controls&#46; Twenty four neonate <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span> larvae were used per assay &#40;three replicates at least&#41;&#46; Mortality was registered after 5 days at 29<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#176;C&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span> larvae were considered dead if they failed to respond to gentle probing&#46; Bioassays with purified and solubilized crystals were conducted in the same way&#44; except that a series of six concentrations &#40;concentration range&#58; 3&#46;500&#8211;0&#46;272<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#59; dilution factor&#58; 0&#46;600&#41; were prepared in order to establish the concentration-response relationship by probit analysis&#46; Twenty four larvae were tested for each concentration&#46; Statistical restrictions were followed as mentioned earlier<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0350"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">24</span></a>&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Results and discussion</span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Characterization of an Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> collection</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In this manuscript&#44; we present the characterization of a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> collection built from strains isolated from different sources of Argentina&#46; This characterization contributes to a better knowledge of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> diversity in Argentina and South America&#44; where only a few large collections have been extensively characterized<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0245"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;6&#44;17&#44;41&#44;42</span></a>&#46; Moreover&#44; even fewer studies have reported a detailed characterization of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strain collections in terms of insecticidal toxin gene content<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0440"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">42</span></a>&#46; In particular&#44; this Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> collection was characterized through different methods focused only on putative lepidopteran-active isolates&#46; PCR and PCR-RFLP results showed that 195 strains out of 268 harbors&#44; at least one anti-lepidopteran toxin gene&#46; Those <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains isolated from the same sample that share the same morphology of parasporal crystals&#44; the same protein composition of crystals as revealed by SDS-PAGE and the same insecticidal toxin gene profile were considered twin strains&#46; Exclusion of twin strains is important in order to get a real estimation of the diversity of the sampled areas<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0400"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">34</span></a>&#46; That is&#44; 80 of these isolates were selected for further studies in order to avoid an overestimation of distribution frequencies&#46; A full list of these isolates and their main characteristics are presented in the Supplementary Table&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The specific characterization of these selected isolates produced ten different profiles of lepidopteran-specific insecticidal genes &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> profiles were the most frequently detected&#46; Both profiles pooled 75&#46;0&#37; of the selected strains&#46; The low number of different profiles and this high frequency of strains harboring these two insecticidal toxin gene profiles that differ by a single gene would only indicate low diversity in native strains of Argentina&#46; The existence of this low diversity is a rarity&#44; since in most of the studied collections a great diversity of insecticidal toxin gene profiles has been described<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0250"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4&#44;5&#44;8&#44;18&#44;19&#44;23&#44;42&#44;43&#44;45</span></a>&#46; Some others were detected at very low frequencies&#46; That is the case of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> profiles&#46; The simultaneous presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span> genes is a common feature in most of the screening studies of insecticidal toxin genes but it is not in our collection<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5&#44;19&#44;23&#44;43</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The combination of insecticidal toxin genes seems to be not random&#46; For example&#44; strong associations were observed between the three subclasses of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1A</span> genes&#46; As shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#47;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> have a strong tendency to occur together&#46; The existence of strains harboring these <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry</span> gene combinations may be explained by previous studies on <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> serovar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kurstaki</span> HD-1&#46; Carlton and Gonz&#225;lez<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0280"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">10</span></a> suggested that the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> genes would be located together in a smaller and unstable &#8764;44-MDa plasmid that can be cured easily&#46; While <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> genes tend to be found together&#44; these results also suggest that this association does not exist between them and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> genes&#46; Some specific classes of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span> genes were found together very frequently&#46; The presence of one <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span> gene at least with one <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span> was detected in 92&#46;5&#37; of the Argentine strains&#46; This kind of association is known and has been reported previously<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0240"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;5&#44;23&#44;31&#44;33&#44;42</span></a>&#46; Among <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span> genes&#44; a strong association was observed between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#59; 87&#46;5&#37; of the strains showed to harbor these genes&#46; This combination was also the most frequent &#40;90&#46;4&#37;&#41; in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains isolated from China<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0370"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">28</span></a>&#46; Ben-Dov et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0255"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a> reported that this kind of association was found in strains from Israel&#44; Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan but less frequently &#40;34&#46;4&#37;&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Wang et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0445"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">43</span></a> reported a strong association between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1A</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1I</span> genes in strains isolated from China&#46; In our study&#44; we observed this association in 71&#46;0&#37; of the strains&#46; This strong association is attributed to the relationship between the three subclasses of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1A</span> detected in our study and the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span> gene and&#44; between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ib</span>&#46; He et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0335"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">21</span></a> reported that <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> subsp&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">chinensis</span> CT-43 harbors the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa3</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia14</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa9</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa10</span> genes close to each other in the largest plasmid of the strain&#46; This observation can explain the strong association between these genes reported in 75&#46;0&#37; of the strains in our study&#46; Lately&#44; Zhu et al&#46;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0460"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">46</span></a> have confirmed that strain HD-1 harbors six crystal protein genes&#46; Four of these proteins &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#41; are located on the large plasmid pBMB299 with the vegetative insecticidal protein gene <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> where they form a pathogenicity island&#59; two additional proteins are located on plasmids pBMB95 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#41; and pBMB65 &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#41;&#46; Although it is clear that some profiles of insecticidal toxin genes are more common in nature than others&#44; probably providing a major biologic advantage to their host&#44; further studies are required to understand this relationships&#46;</p><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is worth noting that 88&#46;8&#37; of the Argentine strains that harbor <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span> genes also show bipyramidal and cuboidal crystals as observed by phase-contrast microscopy&#44; and protein patterns of approximately 130 and 65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa as revealed by SDS-PAGE &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; These characteristics are typical of strains expressing Cry1 and Cry2 proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0430"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">40</span></a>&#46; Strains harboring <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;1&#46;2&#37;&#41; or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;1&#46;2&#37;&#41; profiles produced only bipyramidal crystals and a unique band of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">approximately</span> 130<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; However&#44; cuboidal inclusions and a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">approximately</span> 65<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa band at the SDS-PAGE gel typical of strains expressing Cry2 proteins<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0340"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">22</span></a> were not detected in these Argentine strains&#46; It is noteworthy that other <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains that harbor a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> gene contain little or no Cry2Ab protein in their crystalline inclusions<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0310"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>&#46; Lack of expression of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> genes has been related to mutations that lead to a loss in the coding frame<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0300"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">14</span></a>&#44; to the lack of a functional promoter<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0355"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">25</span></a>&#44; and to the lack of expression due to a post-transcriptional factor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&#46; Since the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1I</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> genes encode insecticidal proteins secreted during the vegetative phase of growth of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0415"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">37</span></a>&#44; they do not form parasporal crystal&#44; thus their protein pattern is not expected to be in our SDS-PAGE gels&#46; Those strains that harbor simply <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41; or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> &#40;5&#46;0&#37;&#41; genes exhibited an ovoid shape&#44; containing a major protein of approximately 130<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>kDa &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0010">Table 2</a>&#41;&#46; To our knowledge&#44; the association among <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> genes&#44; this type of crystal shape and this major protein component kDa have not been reported previously&#46; By contrast&#44; Cry8-associated ovoid crystals resembled the parasporal bodies of some atypical Lepidopteran toxic strains previously reported by our group and other researchers<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0235"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1&#44;44</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Distribution of insecticidal toxin gene profiles in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains isolated from different sources</span><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The analysis of the insecticidal toxin gene distribution according to the sample source of the strains is presented in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0015">Table 3</a>&#46; We found that the strains containing the most common profiles <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> were more frequently derived from soil &#40;70&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#44; stored product dust &#40;59&#46;0&#37;&#41; and spider webs &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; On the other hand&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> were mainly detected in strains isolated from leaves &#40;40&#46;0&#37;&#41; and dead insect larvae &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&#46; Six of ten of the identified insecticidal toxin gene profiles were observed in strains isolated from stored product dust and leaves&#46; These data may indicate that the diversity of insecticidal gene profiles is somewhat higher in these kinds of sample sources than in soil&#44; dead insect larvae and spider web samples&#46; In previous studies&#44; some authors have suggested that stored product dust<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;43</span></a> and phylloplane of plants<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0360"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">26</span></a> are a rich source of diversity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span>&#46; These results imply that stored product dust and leaf samples are a rich source of diversity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> and confirms previous findings&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0015"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Disaggregate analysis of the insecticidal toxin gene content</span><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The insecticidal toxin gene composition of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains was also analyzed &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#46; Strains containing <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1A</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2A</span> genes were the most abundant and represent 74 of the 80 &#40;92&#46;5&#37;&#41; studied <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig&#46; 1</a>&#41;&#59; 91&#46;3&#37; of the strains harbor a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3A</span> gene and 88&#46;8&#37; a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1I</span> gene&#46; Just 5&#46;0&#37; and 2&#46;5&#37; of the strains contained a <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> gene respectively&#46; The <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> &#40;91&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> &#40;91&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;91&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span> &#40;88&#46;8&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span> &#40;82&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span> &#40;77&#46;5&#37;&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span> &#40;38&#46;8&#37;&#41; genes were the most frequently detected&#44; while <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ib</span> &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1E</span> &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41; genes were less abundant&#46; Very few <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span> &#40;1&#46;3&#37;&#41; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span> &#40;1&#46;3&#37;&#41; genes were found&#46; Not all of the searched classes and subclasses of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3</span> genes were identified in the Argentine strains&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0060" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Correlation between the toxicity of Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span> and their insecticidal toxin gene profiles</span><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Preliminary bioassays with spore-crystal suspensions &#40;final concentration 2&#46;5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#41; of the 80 Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains were performed with neonate larvae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span>&#46; These strains showed a mortality range of 0&#46;0&#8211;52&#46;5&#37; &#40;see Supplementary Table&#41;&#46; A classification of the strains according to their toxicity and insecticidal toxin gene profiles is shown in <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#46; Most strains are classified in the category of 20&#8211;40&#37; mortality&#46; However&#44; there were six strains that caused more than 40&#37; mortality&#46; The most toxic strains were isolated from phylloplane&#44; soil&#44; stored product dust and spider webs and harbored <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1A</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> genes&#46; On the contrary&#44; the six less toxic&#47;nontoxic strains showed mortality rates under 4&#37; and were mainly isolated from phylloplane and one from soil&#46; These strains harbored <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span> or <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> genes&#46; These results suggest that multiple insecticidal toxin gene profiles may be used as markers for the spectrum of insecticidal activity of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains as previously suggested<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0295"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; In addition&#44; the mortality rate was not always associated with the insecticidal toxin gene content of particular strains&#46; Strains harboring the same insecticidal gene profile differed in their level of toxicity against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span> &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0020">Table 4</a>&#41;&#46; For example&#44; strains INTA H3-5 and INTA H6-3 that shared the same insecticidal toxin gene profile &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&#41; showed 38&#46;3&#37; and 12&#46;7&#37; mortality&#46; This kind of results may be observed in previous reports<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0345"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">23&#44;31</span></a>&#59; however&#44; the reasons of those variations still remain to be studied&#46; Furthermore&#44; it is clear that the toxic levels of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> in the target insects are influenced by many factors including the insecticidal toxin gene profiles&#44; the level of expression of these genes&#44; possible synergism between insecticidal proteins&#44; and other unknown or undetected virulence factors&#46; These reasons may hamper the PCR ability as a precise predictive tool for insecticidal activity in <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains&#46; The genome sequencing of all strains may overcome some of these factors&#46; However&#44; this partial solution is difficult for now because of the high cost of sequencing a large number of strains&#46; Despite of all this&#44; our results showed that different <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains obtained from the same sample showed certain relationship between the level of toxicity and specific insecticidal toxin gene profiles&#46; In general&#44; strains harboring genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> were more toxic than those harboring genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&#44; and these more than those harboring genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&#46; In a previous study&#44; Cry1Ab and Cry1Ac had shown to be the most active proteins against neonate larvae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span>&#44; followed by Cry1Aa with LC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">50</span> values of 0&#46;55&#44; 1&#46;39 and 4&#46;14<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;g&#47;ml&#44; respectively<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0410"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">36</span></a>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0020"></elsevierMultimedia></span><span id="sec0065" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0085">Bioassays with solubilized pure crystals of Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains&#46;</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The five most toxic isolates were further bioassayed with serial dilutions of solubilized crystals for LC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">50</span> estimation &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0025">Table 5</a>&#41;&#46; According to the LC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">50</span> values and their fiducial limits&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> serovar <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">kurstaki</span> HD-1&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> INTA H46-18 and INTA H48-34 were the most toxic against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span>&#44; although the difference among them was not statistically significant&#46; The two Argentine strains were isolated from samples of phylloplane and both shared the same insecticidal toxin gene profile&#46; In contrast&#44; the other less toxic strains harbored a similar insecticidal toxin gene profile lacking the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span> gene&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> H46-18 and INTA H48-34 could be used as active ingredients of pesticides formulated for controlling <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0025"></elsevierMultimedia></span></span><span id="sec0070" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0090">Ethical disclosures</span><span id="sec0075" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0095">Protection of human and animal subjects</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments were performed on humans or animals for this study&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0080" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0100">Confidentiality of data</span><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0085" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0105">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no patient data appear in this article&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0090" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0110">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
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        1 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec869976"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
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          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
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        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
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        5 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "B&#46; thuringiensis isolates and strains"
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            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0020"
              "titulo" => "Characterization of crystals and their protein composition"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0025"
              "titulo" => "Detection and identification of insecticidal toxin genes"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0030"
              "titulo" => "Purification and solubilization of crystals"
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            4 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Epinotia aporema bioassays"
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          "titulo" => "Results and discussion"
          "secciones" => array:5 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Characterization of an Argentine B&#46; thuringiensis collection"
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              "identificador" => "sec0050"
              "titulo" => "Distribution of insecticidal toxin gene profiles in B&#46; thuringiensis strains isolated from different sources"
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            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0055"
              "titulo" => "Disaggregate analysis of the insecticidal toxin gene content"
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              "identificador" => "sec0060"
              "titulo" => "Correlation between the toxicity of Argentine B&#46; thuringiensis strains against E&#46; aporema and their insecticidal toxin gene profiles"
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              "identificador" => "sec0065"
              "titulo" => "Bioassays with solubilized pure crystals of Argentine B&#46; thuringiensis strains&#46;"
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          "titulo" => "Ethical disclosures"
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              "titulo" => "Protection of human and animal subjects"
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              "titulo" => "Confidentiality of data"
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              "identificador" => "sec0085"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
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          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
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          "titulo" => "Acknowledgments"
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          "titulo" => "References"
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    "fechaRecibido" => "2016-04-28"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2017-02-24"
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            1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cry</span>"
            2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vip</span>"
            3 => "Lepidoptera"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epinotia aporema</span>"
            5 => "Argentina"
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            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span>"
            1 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Cry</span>"
            2 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Vip</span>"
            3 => "Lepidoptera"
            4 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epinotia aporema</span>"
            5 => "Argentina"
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        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">A total of 268 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> strains obtained from different sources of Argentina were analyzed to determine the diversity and distribution of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3A</span> genes encoding for lepidopteran-specific insecticidal proteins&#46; Twin strains were excluded&#46; Ten different profiles were detected among the 80 selected <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains&#46; Two of these profiles &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;35&#47;80&#41;&#44; and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;25&#47;80&#41;&#41; pooled 75&#37; of the strains&#46; The existence of this low diversity is rare&#44; since in most of the studied collections a great diversity of insecticidal toxin gene profiles has been described&#46; In addition&#44; the most frequently detected profile was also most frequently derived from soil &#40;70&#37;&#41;&#44; stored product dust &#40;59&#37;&#41; and spider webs &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#46; In contrast&#44; the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> profiles were mainly detected in strains isolated from leaves &#40;40&#37;&#41; and dead insect larvae &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#46; Six of the identified insecticidal toxin gene profiles were discovered in strains isolated from stored product dust and leaves indicating higher diversity of profiles in these kinds of sources than in others&#46; Some strains with high insecticidal activity against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epinotia aporema</span> &#40;Lepidoptera&#41; larvae were identified&#44; which is important to explore future microbial strategies for the control of this crop pest in the region&#46;</p></span>"
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        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Se analizaron 268 cepas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> obtenidas de diferentes fuentes de Argentina con el objeto de determinar la diversidad y distribuci&#243;n de genes <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3A</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">que codifican</span> prote&#237;nas insecticidas lepid&#243;ptero-espec&#237;ficas&#46; Se excluyeron las cepas gemelas&#46; Se detectaron solo diez perfiles diferentes entre los 80 <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> seleccionados&#46; Dos de estos perfiles&#44; el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;35&#47;80&#41; y el <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> &#40;25&#47;80&#41;&#44; comprendieron el 75&#37; de las cepas seleccionadas&#46; La existencia de esta baja diversidad es una rareza&#44; ya que en la mayor parte de las colecciones estudiadas se ha descrito una gran diversidad de perfiles de genes de toxinas insecticidas&#46; El perfil detectado con mayor frecuencia se obtuvo principalmente de cepas procedentes de suelo &#40;el 70&#37; de los de esa fuente lo ten&#237;an&#41;&#44; tambi&#233;n fue mayoritario entre los procedentes de polvo de producto almacenado &#40;59&#37;&#41; y en los que proced&#237;an de telas de ara&#241;a &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#46; En cambio&#44; el perfil <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span> se detect&#243; principalmente en las cepas aisladas de hojas &#40;40&#37;&#41; y de larvas de insectos muertos &#40;50&#37;&#41;&#46; Seis de los perfiles identificados fueron encontrados en cepas aisladas de polvo de producto almacenado y de hojas&#44; lo que indica una mayor diversidad de perfiles en estas fuentes que en otras&#46; Se identificaron algunas cepas con alta actividad insecticida contra larvas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Epinotia aporema</span> &#40;Lepidoptera&#41;&#44; hallazgo importante para explorar en el futuro estrategias microbianas para el control de esta plaga en la regi&#243;n&#46;</p></span>"
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            "etiqueta" => "Appendix A"
            "titulo" => "Supplementary data"
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                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Primer pair&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Sequence&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Expected size &#40;bp&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Gene&#47;s recognized&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">References&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">I&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TRACRHTDDBDGTATTAGAT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1500&#8211;1600&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">I&#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MDATYTCTAKRTCTTGACTA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">IAb&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CGGATGCTCATAGAGGAGAA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8764;1400&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0365"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">27</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">I&#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">MDATYTCTAKRTCTTGACTA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TTATACTTGGTTCAGGCCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">246&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa&#47;cry1Ad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TTGGAGCTCTCAAGGTGTAA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ3&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CAGCCGATTTACCTTCTA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">171&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ad</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ2&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TTGGAGCTCTCAAGGTGTAA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ4&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AACAACTATCTGTTCTTGAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">216&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab&#47;cry1Ac</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ5&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CTCTTATTATACTTACACTAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ6&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GTTAGATTAAATAGTAGTGG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">180&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ7&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TGTAGCTGGTACTGTATTG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ8&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CTTCATCACGATGGAGTAA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">367&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1B</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ9&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CATAATTTGGTCGTTCTGTT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ10&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AAAGATCTGGAACACCTTT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">C</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ11&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CAAACTCTAAATCCTTTCAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ12&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CTGCAGCAAGCTATCCAA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">290&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0285"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">11</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ13&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ATTTGAATTGTCAAGGCCTG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GGAACCAAGACGAACTATTGC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">147&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1E</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ15&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GGTTGAATGAACCCTACTCCC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ16&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TGAGGATTCTCCAGTTTCTGC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">177&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1F</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ17&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CGGTTACCAGCCGTATTTCG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ18&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">ATATGGAGTGAATAGGGCG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">235&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1G</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0290"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">12</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">CJ19&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TGAACGGCGATTACATGC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1IF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CTCAACACAAGGRTCTAC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">665&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1I</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0405"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">35</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">1IR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CTAAGTCCTCTCCTCTATTC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">II&#40;&#43;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TAAAGAAAGTGGGGAGTCTT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">&#8764;1556&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0390"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">32</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">II&#40;&#8722;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AACTCCATCGTTATTTGTAG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S8F&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GAATGCCTATCSGATGA&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">927&#8211;945&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">This study&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">S8R&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CCABGCTTGTTGGAGTC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">9GP&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">CGGCAAATTTAGTGTCRTGCTTATC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">640&#8211;643&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0420"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">38</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">9GN&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">AATTCAAGATTTCCTARCGTCGC&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DS3AF&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">GTGAAAACAAGTGGCAGTG&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">608&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3A</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0425"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">39</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">DS3AR&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">TCCGCTTCACTTGATTCTACT&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="" valign="top">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1491094.png"
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        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0020" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Characteristics of primers used for insecticidal toxin gene detection and identification</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at2"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
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        ]
        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0050" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">B&#58; bipyramidal&#59; C&#58; cuboidal&#59; O&#58; ovoid&#46;</p>"
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Profiles of insecticidal toxin genes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Crystal morphologies&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Protein size &#40;kDa&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">No&#46; of strains&#47;frequency&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B and C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa&#44; cry1Ab&#44; cry1Ac&#44; cry1Ia&#44; cry2Aa&#44; cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B and C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;31&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa&#44; cry1Ab&#44; cry1C&#44; cry1D&#44; cry1Ia&#44; cry2Ab&#44; cry9</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B and C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">35 &#40;43&#46;8&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B and C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1E</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ib</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B and C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;6&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B and C&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130 and 65&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;1&#46;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">B&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">O&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;5&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">O&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="left" valign="top">130&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;2&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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                0 => "xTab1491095.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Distribution of insecticidal toxin genes in the Argentine <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Bacillus thuringiensis</span> collection &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">n</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>80&#41;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      3 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0015"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 3"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at3"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
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        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Profiles of insecticidal toxin genes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Soils&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Dead insect larvae&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Stored product dust&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Leaves&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col">Spider webs&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>22&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>30&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>8&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;3&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;10&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;22&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12 &#40;40&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;25&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;70&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;10&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">13 &#40;59&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">10 &#40;33&#46;3&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;10&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1E</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ib</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;40&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;10&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;4&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;12&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;10&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;6&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;12&#46;5&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;6&#46;7&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab1491092.png"
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        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0030" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Insecticidal toxin gene distribution according to sample origin</p>"
        ]
      ]
      4 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0020"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 4"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at4"
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "leyenda" => "<p id="spar0055" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Samples tested n&#61;80&#46;</p>"
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            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td-with-role" title="table-head ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top" scope="col">Profiles of insecticidal toxin genes&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " colspan="3" align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Mortality</th></tr><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#60;20&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">20&#8211;40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">&#62;40&#37;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;100&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">5 &#40;20&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">18 &#40;72&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;8&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1C</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1D</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;100&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">7 &#40;20&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">25 &#40;71&#46;4&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3 &#40;8&#46;6&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ab</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;25&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;50&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;25&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1E</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ib</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;80&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;20&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ia</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Aa</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1 &#40;100&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry1Ac</span>&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry2Ab</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">vip3Aa</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;100&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry8</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">4 &#40;100&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">cry9</span>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2 &#40;100&#46;0&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
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          "en" => "<p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Classification of the selected <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">B&#46; thuringiensis</span> strains into groups according to their mortality rate against <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">E&#46; aporema</span></p>"
        ]
      ]
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        "etiqueta" => "Table 5"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
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        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at5"
            "detalle" => "Table "
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        "tabla" => array:2 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
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              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="left" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Isolate&#47;strain&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Genes<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0005"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">50</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0010"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span></a> &#40;&#956;g&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">CV<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span></a> &#40;&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">LC<span class="elsevierStyleInf">90</span><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0025"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">d</span></a> &#40;&#956;g&#47;ml&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Slope&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="table-head  " align="center" valign="top" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">&#967;</span><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span> &#40;4<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>gl&#41;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tblfn0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">e</span></a>&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">HD-1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;69 &#40;0&#46;54&#8211;0&#46;85&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">12&#46;14&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;12 &#40;1&#46;58&#8211;3&#46;43&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;68&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&#46;23&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="table-entry ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="top">INTA H48-34&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">1&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">0&#46;91 &#40;0&#46;74&#8211;1&#46;10&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">9&#46;27&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">2&#46;27 &#40;1&#46;77&#8211;3&#46;34&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="table-entry  " align="char" valign="top">3&#46;25&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
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                        "volumen" => "23"
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Article information

ISSN: 03257541
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.ram.2017.02.003

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	5	2	7
2024 October	33	2	35
2024 September	33	21	54
2024 August	29	9	38
2024 July	24	4	28
2024 June	31	3	34
2024 May	15	5	20
2024 April	23	6	29
2024 March	17	6	23
2024 February	7	6	13
2024 January	12	4	16
2023 December	11	6	17
2023 November	10	4	14
2023 October	14	9	23
2023 September	14	4	18
2023 August	11	6	17
2023 July	13	2	15
2023 June	26	6	32
2023 May	44	3	47
2023 April	54	3	57
2023 March	34	5	39
2023 February	39	6	45
2023 January	13	8	21
2022 December	23	11	34
2022 November	24	11	35
2022 October	22	8	30
2022 September	23	18	41
2022 August	24	13	37
2022 July	22	11	33
2022 June	29	8	37
2022 May	42	13	55
2022 April	21	17	38
2022 March	32	14	46
2022 February	32	10	42
2022 January	53	9	62
2021 December	41	11	52
2021 November	40	11	51
2021 October	62	13	75
2021 September	32	16	48
2021 August	15	4	19
2021 July	45	17	62
2021 June	25	14	39
2021 May	25	10	35
2021 April	20	5	25
2021 March	26	16	42
2021 February	17	7	24
2021 January	17	12	29
2020 December	17	6	23
2020 November	17	7	24
2020 October	12	4	16
2020 September	14	8	22
2020 August	10	9	19
2020 July	16	9	25
2020 June	25	16	41
2020 May	16	19	35
2020 April	14	12	26
2020 March	21	9	30
2020 February	17	14	31
2020 January	14	12	26
2019 December	14	17	31
2019 November	13	19	32
2019 October	17	11	28
2019 September	16	12	28
2019 August	6	11	17
2019 July	23	28	51
2019 June	38	19	57
2019 May	96	29	125
2019 April	37	20	57
2019 March	18	14	32
2019 February	26	12	38
2019 January	44	7	51
2018 December	65	5	70
2018 November	32	5	37
2018 October	25	7	32
2018 September	50	15	65
2018 August	20	8	28
2018 July	10	2	12
2018 June	15	7	22
2018 May	21	5	26
2018 April	10	8	18
2018 March	11	4	15
2018 February	9	7	16
2018 January	15	3	18
2017 December	20	2	22
2017 November	54	6	60
2017 October	46	6	52
2017 September	35	7	42
2017 August	7	7	14
2017 July	7	7	14
2017 June	5	15	20

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