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Infectivity by nematode–bacteria association on the potato weevil Phyrdenus muriceus
Infectividad de una asociación nematodo-bacteria en el gorgojo de la papa Phyrdenus muriceus
Daiana P. Eliceche, José M. Rusconi
, Matías N. Rosales, Augusto Salas, María F. Achinelly
Corresponding author
Laboratorio de Nematodos de Vida Libre y de Importancia Agro-económica, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE)-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP, CIC, Boulevard 120 S/N e/61 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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array:23 [ "pii" => "S0325754119300914" "issn" => "03257541" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2018.11.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-07-01" "aid" => "362" "copyright" => "Asociación Argentina de Microbiología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2020" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "sco" "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2020;52:256-7" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:2 [ "total" => 33 "formatos" => array:2 [ "EPUB" => 21 "PDF" => 12 ] ] "itemAnterior" => array:19 [ "pii" => "S0325754120300328" "issn" => "03257541" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2020.04.006" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2020-07-01" "aid" => "393" "copyright" => "Asociación Argentina de Microbiología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "licencia" => "http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/" "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2020;52:245-55" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => true "ES2" => true "LATM" => true ] "gratuito" => true "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">ARTÍCULO ESPECIAL</span>" "titulo" => "Resistencia de plantas a patógenos: una revisión sobre los conceptos de resistencia vertical y horizontal" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:3 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "es" 2 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "245" "paginaFinal" => "255" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Plant resistance to pathogens: A review describing the vertical and horizontal resistance concepts" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figura 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 918 "Ancho" => 2508 "Tamanyo" => 275364 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "es" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Representación esquemática de los conceptos de resistencia vertical y horizontal. A) Gota o tizón tardío de la papa. El diagrama de resistencia vertical muestra la interacción entre diferenciales de papa (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Solanum tuberosum</span>) que contienen genes R y razas fisiológicas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phytophthora infestans</span>. Actualmente, existen diferenciales de papa transgénicos que contienen un solo gen de resistencia y mantienen el mismo genotipo de papa<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0605"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">60</span></a>, haciendo que el esquema descrito sean una aproximación realista del fenómeno experimental observable. Para cada diferencial existe una población del patógeno que es portador del gen de avirulencia respectivo (Avr) que facilita la detección del patógeno por la planta y el desarrollo de la respuesta hipersensible. Las patógenos no portadores del gen Avr respectivo pueden infectar la planta de manera exitosa. Las razas del patógeno son designadas en función de los diferenciales que pueda infectar (y, en consecuencia, los genes Avr portados). B) Roya foliar del trigo. La resistencia vertical descrita muestra la interacción entre los diferenciales de trigo que portan los genes Lr12, Lr13 y Lr22 y las razas fisiológicas del hongo causante de la roya de la hoja (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Puccinia triticina</span>). A diferencia del ejemplo del tizón tardío, las razas son designadas en función de los diferenciales de trigo que pueden ser infectados. Hasta el momento ningún gen Avr ha sido identificado, pero los estudios genéticos apoyan una interacción entre patógeno y hospedero siguiendo el modelo gen por gen de Flor<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0385"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">16</span></a>. En la interacción descrita, la resistencia es observada como pecas necróticas con nula o escasa producción de uredinios que indican reacción hipersensible. El desarrollo de la enfermedad (hospedero susceptible es visualizado como la presencia de uredinios sin evidencia de clorosis. Además de la respuesta hipersensible, la resistencia puede observarse como no desarrollo de lesión alguna y en este caso se denomina inmunidad. En el caso de la resistencia horizontal, la representación ilustra la interacción mediada por los genes Lr34, Lr46 y Lr67. Estos genes controlan una respuesta de la planta que retarda el desarrollo del patógeno, reduciendo la velocidad de aparición de las pústulas de la roya, lo que resulta en un menor número de lesiones. La resistencia mediada por estos genes no solo es efectiva contra <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P. triticina</span> sino contra otras 2 especies de patógenos causantes de roya (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Puccinia</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">striiformis</span> f. sp. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tritici</span> y <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Puccinia graminis</span> f. sp. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tritici</span>) y contra el mildiu del trigo (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Blumeria graminis</span> f. sp. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">tritici</span>). Los genes de resistencia vertical y horizontal descritos en el caso de la roya solo se expresan durante la adultez de la planta. Para la resistencia horizontal, en los 2 ejemplos usados, la población del patógeno no está dividida en razas porque no existen interacciones específicas entre el patógeno y las variedades de la planta. Las variedades del hospedero, en cambio, exhiben diferentes respuestas al patógeno que resultan en diferentes niveles de enfermedad. En el caso de la resistencia vertical, solo existen 2 opciones: ausencia o presencia de la enfermedad.</p>" ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Óscar Burbano-Figueroa" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Óscar" "apellidos" => "Burbano-Figueroa" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Este documento es una síntesis comprensiva de la resistencia de plantas a patógenos siguiendo el marco conceptual de resistencia vertical y horizontal desarrollado por Plank.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Contiene descripciones actualizadas de los mecanismos implicados en la resistencia de patógenos con base en la información molecular disponible.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Explica los conceptos de resistencia cuantitativa y de campo como una extensión de un mecanismo general de resistencia.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754120300328?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03257541/0000005200000003/v1_202010070634/S0325754120300328/v1_202010070634/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:16 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Microbiological image</span>" "titulo" => "Infectivity by nematode–bacteria association on the potato weevil <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyrdenus muriceus</span>" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "256" "paginaFinal" => "257" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Daiana P. Eliceche, José M. Rusconi, Matías N. Rosales, Augusto Salas, María F. Achinelly" "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Daiana P." "apellidos" => "Eliceche" ] 1 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "José M." "apellidos" => "Rusconi" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "rusconi@cepave.edu.ar" ] "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Matías N." "apellidos" => "Rosales" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Augusto" "apellidos" => "Salas" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "María F." "apellidos" => "Achinelly" ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Nematodos de Vida Libre y de Importancia Agro-económica, Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores (CEPAVE)-CCT-La Plata-CONICET-UNLP, CIC, Boulevard 120 S/N e/61 y 64, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Infectividad de una asociación nematodo-bacteria en el gorgojo de la papa <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyrdenus muriceus</span>" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2040 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 405318 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Image of pupae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyrdenus muriceus</span> taken with an Olympus DP-71 camera. (A) Pupa with no infection. (B) Dorsal view of infected pupa with nematodes inside the body (arrows). (C) Ventral view of infected pupa with nematodes inside the body (arrows). (D) Emerging nematodes from the lesion of the tegument (arrow).</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Bacteria of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Photorhabdus</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Enterobacteriaceae</span>) are motile, gram negative, symbiotically associated with infective juveniles of entomopathogenic nematodes of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heterorhabditis</span> (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heterorhabditidae</span>). Nematodes retain the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Photorhabdus</span> bacterial cells in their intestine and transport them into an insect host<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0060"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>. Upon locating an insect host, the nematode of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heterorhabditis</span> penetrates through natural openings (mouth, anus, spiracles)<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0035"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>, or directly into the hemocoel via the integument, subsequently releasing bacteria into the hemolymph<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0050"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>. Once in the hemolymph, bacterium of the genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Photorhabdus</span> begins to multiply simultaneously releasing toxins virulent enough to kill the insect within 24<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0040"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyrdenus muriceus</span> (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is a pest of cultivated Solanaceae affecting egg-plant, potato and tomato. Considerable damages on these crops are produced by this pest affecting both the aerial and underground parts of the plants<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0045"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3,5</span></a>. Infectivity of the entomopathogenic complex <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heterorhabditis bacteriophora</span> and the symbiotic bacterium <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Photorhabdus luminescens</span> isolated from soil samples collected from an orchard of La Plata was tested against pupae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P. muriceus</span>. This stage was considered to be a suitable target to control in the field due to its permanence in the soil. Plastic containers (8.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm diameter<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>×<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>5.5<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm height) were used with sterile soil forming a 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>cm high layer. Pupae were added to the soil surface and exposed to a concentration of 5000 infective juveniles (IJs)/insect. Seventy percent (70%) mortality (n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>=<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>10) occurred at 48<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h after infection. In <a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figure 1</a>, we can observe nematodes inside the body of the pupae (B and C). The cadavers showed the typical red wine coloration due to the release of the endosymbiotic bacteria in the hemocoel (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1</a>B–D) unlike non-parasitized pupae (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>A). The nematode–bacterium complex was effective to parasitize and kill <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">P. muriceus</span> pupae. Future studies should be carried out to determine its use as biological control for this horticultural pest.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 1 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2018-10-02" "fechaAceptado" => "2018-11-26" "multimedia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 2040 "Ancho" => 1508 "Tamanyo" => 405318 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Image of pupae of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyrdenus muriceus</span> taken with an Olympus DP-71 camera. (A) Pupa with no infection. (B) Dorsal view of infected pupa with nematodes inside the body (arrows). (C) Ventral view of infected pupa with nematodes inside the body (arrows). (D) Emerging nematodes from the lesion of the tegument (arrow).</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:6 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0035" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Interactions between the partners of the entomopathogenic bacterium nematode complexes, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Steinrenema-Xenorhabdus</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Heterorhabditis-Photorhabdus</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => "N. Boemare" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Libro" => array:4 [ "fecha" => "2002" "paginaInicial" => "601" "paginaFinal" => "603" "editorial" => "Brill Academic Publishers" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0040" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "For the insect pathogen <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Photorhabdus</span><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">luminescens</span> which end of a nematode is out?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "T.A. Chiche" 1 => "J.C. Ensing" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Appl Environ Microbiol" "fecha" => "2003" "volumen" => "60" "paginaInicial" => "1890" "paginaFinal" => "1897" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0045" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Biotecnología de “gorgojo del tomate” <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phyrdenus muriceus</span> (Germ.) y su control en la Provincia de Mendoza" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "J.C. Espul" 1 => "G. 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Vaudagna" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "AgriScientia" "fecha" => "2002" "volumen" => "19" "paginaInicial" => "3" "paginaFinal" => "10" ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0060" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "A robust phylogenetic framework for the bacterial genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Photorhabdus</span> and its use in studying the evolution and maintenance of bioluminescence: a case for 16S, <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">gyrB</span>, and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">glnA</span>" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Peat" 1 => "R. ffrench-Constant" 2 => "N. Waterfield" 3 => "J. Marokházi" 4 => "A. Fodor" 5 => "B. Adams" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ympev.2010.08.012" "Revista" => array:7 [ "tituloSerie" => "Mol Phylogenet Evol" "fecha" => "2010" "volumen" => "57" "paginaInicial" => "728" "paginaFinal" => "740" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20732433" "web" => "Medline" ] ] "itemHostRev" => array:3 [ "pii" => "S1054139X17303555" "estado" => "S300" "issn" => "1054139X" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03257541/0000005200000003/v1_202010070634/S0325754119300914/v1_202010070634/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "86216" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Imagen microbiologica" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03257541/0000005200000003/v1_202010070634/S0325754119300914/v1_202010070634/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754119300914?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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