Microbiological image
Colonization of cigarette butts, a toxic waste, by white rot fungi
Colonización de colillas de cigarrillo, un residuo tóxico, por hongos de pudrición blanca
María del Pilar Núñeza,
, Matias Butlerb, Leonardo Matias Majula, Luis Alberto Diorioa, Laura Noemi Levina, Sonia Rosenfeldtc
Corresponding author
a Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, InMiBo UBA-CONICET, DBBE, FCEyN – UBA, Argentina
b Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Argentina
c Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Reproductiva de Plantas Superiores, DBBE, FCEyN – UBA, Argentina
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Maya" "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Valentina" "apellidos" => "Burgess" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan D." "apellidos" => "Maya" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Aspirin or statins through pro-resolving lipids may improve inflammation in parasitosis.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Statins in cerebral malaria reduce mortality in murine models of infection.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In toxoplasmosis, statin use is controversial, although it decreases cytokines.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In leishmaniasis, statins decrease local inflammation.</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">•</span><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In Chagas disease, aspirin or statins decrease cardiac inflammation in murine models.</p></li></ul></p></span>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754123000214?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03257541/0000005500000003/v1_202309280755/S0325754123000214/v1_202309280755/en/main.assets" ] "en" => array:17 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Microbiological image</span>" "titulo" => "Colonization of cigarette butts, a toxic waste, by white rot fungi" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "289" "paginaFinal" => "290" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "María del Pilar Núñez, Matias Butler, Leonardo Matias Majul, Luis Alberto Diorio, Laura Noemi Levin, Sonia Rosenfeldt" "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "María del Pilar" "apellidos" => "Núñez" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "mpnuneznaab@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">*</span>" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Matias" "apellidos" => "Butler" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Leonardo Matias" "apellidos" => "Majul" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Luis Alberto" "apellidos" => "Diorio" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Laura Noemi" "apellidos" => "Levin" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Sonia" "apellidos" => "Rosenfeldt" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">c</span>" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Micología Experimental, InMiBo UBA-CONICET, DBBE, FCEyN – UBA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Instituto de Investigación e Ingeniería Ambiental, Escuela de Hábitat y Sostenibilidad IIIA-UNSAM-CONICET, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] 2 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Laboratorio de Sistemática y Biología Reproductiva de Plantas Superiores, DBBE, FCEyN – UBA, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "c" "identificador" => "aff0015" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Colonización de colillas de cigarrillo, un residuo tóxico, por hongos de pudrición blanca" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 783 "Ancho" => 905 "Tamanyo" => 120440 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEM image of a transversal section of non treated CB. AF: acetate fibers of the filter.</p>" ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Cigarette butts (CBs) are complex pollutants, consisting of a filter made of non biodegradable acetate cellulose fibers, and a paper wrapping. After smoking, part of the toxic chemicals from burnt tobacco (nicotine, nitrosamines, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, among others) are retained in the filter and may be leached when in contact with water, contaminating aquatic environments<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0020"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2</span></a>. Since currently there is no treatment for this residue, our project aims to employ white rot fungi as an alternative for detoxifying CBs. After selecting fungal strains for their effectiveness in detoxifying the material (unpublished results), further research on the colonization of the CBs was carried out. Wet CBs were inoculated with 2 different fungal strains isolated from Argentinean rainforest (<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trametes</span> sp. BAFC4767 and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Irpex lacteus</span> BAFC4766). They were grown in humid conditions, at 28<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>°C in the darkness for 6 weeks. A CB sample of each treatment was air dried, cut longitudinally and transversely, and coated with gold/palladium for scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. Non treated CBs (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#fig0005">Fig. 1</a>) showed a more compact fiber structure than the treated ones. Fungal growth both on the outside and the inside of the CBs was observed for all treatments (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0010">Figs. 2 and 3</a>). Most of the mycelium developed around the paper wrapper (PW), which displayed signs of deterioration and is supposed to be the fungus food source. It was noteworthy to observe such a degree of fungal invasion on the inside of the CBs, since this part is where most of the toxic chemicals are concentrated. These results support the detoxifying capacity observed for the selected fungi. White rot fungi are known for their ability to degrade and detoxify xenobiotics such as phenolic compounds and aromatic hydrocarbons<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0015"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first visual report of CBs fungal colonization.</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0015"></elsevierMultimedia><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0005">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author.</p></span></span>" "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xack692872" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" ] 2 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-10-07" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-01-26" "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 783 "Ancho" => 905 "Tamanyo" => 120440 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEM image of a transversal section of non treated CB. AF: acetate fibers of the filter.</p>" ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 782 "Ancho" => 905 "Tamanyo" => 120103 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEM image of a longitudinal section of CB treated with strain BAFC4767. AF: acetate fibers; Hy: mycelium hyphae; PW: paper wrapper. Hyphae have pierced through the CB paper wrapper and can be seen on the inside of the filter, among the acetate fibers.</p>" ] ] 2 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0015" "etiqueta" => "Figure 3" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr3.jpeg" "Alto" => 781 "Ancho" => 905 "Tamanyo" => 125806 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "<p id="spar0015" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">SEM image of a transversal section of CB treated with strain BAFC4766. AF: acetate fibers of the filter; Hy: mycelium hyphae. The photograph was taken at the center of the CB, and shows evidence of the deep hyphal penetration.</p>" ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0015" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Fungal diversity in the bioremediation of toxic effluents" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "M. Chugh" 1 => "L. Kumar" 2 => "N. Bharadvaja" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "LibroEditado" => array:6 [ "editores" => "S.Rodriguez-Couto, M.P.Shah" "titulo" => "Development in wastewater treatment research and processes" "paginaInicial" => "61" "paginaFinal" => "88" "edicion" => "1st edition" "serieFecha" => "2022" ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0020" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Environmental fate of cigarette butts and their toxicity in aquatic organisms: a comprehensive systematic review" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "S. Dobaradaran" 1 => "F. Soleimani" 2 => "R. Akhbarizadeh" 3 => "T.C. Schmidt" 4 => "M. Marzban" 5 => "R. Basirian Jahromi" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:4 [ "tituloSerie" => "Environ Res" "fecha" => "2021" "volumen" => "195" "paginaInicial" => "110881" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "agradecimientos" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "identificador" => "xack692872" "titulo" => "Acknowledgments" "texto" => "<p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We thank Dr. Emanuel Grassi and the people of Instituto Misionero de Biodiversidad (IMiBio) for their help in fungal collection and identification. This work was supported by a doctoral fellowship to MPN by the National Research Council of Argentina (CONICET).</p>" "vista" => "all" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03257541/0000005500000003/v1_202309280755/S0325754123000044/v1_202309280755/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "41742" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Imagen microbiológica" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03257541/0000005500000003/v1_202309280755/S0325754123000044/v1_202309280755/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754123000044?idApp=UINPBA00004N" ]
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