Prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis

array:23 ["pii" => "S032575412300055X" "issn" => "03257541" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2023.05.005" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01" "aid" => "555" "copyright" => "Asociación Argentina de Microbiología" "copyrightAnyo" => "2023" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024;56:74-8" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [ "pii" => "S0325754123000597" "issn" => "03257541" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2023.06.004" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01" "aid" => "559" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024;56:79-89" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "en" => array:14 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Growth, tolerance, and enzyme activities of Trichoderma strains in culture media added with a pyrethroids-based insecticide" "tienePdf" => "en" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en" "tieneResumen" => array:3 [ 0 => "en" 1 => "en" 2 => "es" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "79" "paginaFinal" => "89" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Crecimiento, tolerancia y actividades enzimáticas de cepas de Trichoderma en medios de cultivo adicionados con un insecticida a base de piretroides" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "en" => true "es" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "en" => true ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 2895 "Ancho" => 2091 "Tamanyo" => 275621 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "(a) Radial growth rate (mm/h) and (b) radial growth rate inhibition (RGRI%) of Trichoderma strains and Phanerochaete chrysosporium-ATCC34540 in solid medium (PDA) with 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200mg/l of commercial insecticide H24® with three active ingredients (permethrin, prallethrin, and propoxur). Means±standard error (n=4)." ] ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Caliope Mendarte-Alquisira, Alejandro Alarcón, Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato" "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Caliope" "apellidos" => "Mendarte-Alquisira" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Alejandro" "apellidos" => "Alarcón" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Ronald" "apellidos" => "Ferrera-Cerrato" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•Trichoderma spp. strains tolerate 200ppm of pyrethroids and carbamate insecticides.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•Trichoderma spp. consortium growth in liquid culture with 100ppm of insecticide.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Insecticide promotes the release of proteins and peroxidases by Trichoderma spp.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">•Insecticide decreases chitinase and endoglucanase produced by Trichoderma spp.</li></ul>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754123000597?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S0325754123000597/v1_202403171031/en/main.assets" ] "itemAnterior" => array:18 [ "pii" => "S0325754123000585" "issn" => "03257541" "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2023.07.002" "estado" => "S300" "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01" "aid" => "558" "copyright" => "Asociación Argentina de Microbiología" "documento" => "article" "crossmark" => 1 "subdocumento" => "fla" "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024;56:69-73" "abierto" => array:3 [ "ES" => false "ES2" => false "LATM" => false ] "gratuito" => false "lecturas" => array:1 [ "total" => 0 ] "es" => array:13 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "INFORME BREVE" "titulo" => "Asociación del consumo de drogas ilícitas en mujeres embarazadas y sífilis congénita en un Hospital Público de México" "tienePdf" => "es" "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es" "tieneResumen" => array:3 [ 0 => "es" 1 => "es" 2 => "en" ] "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "69" "paginaFinal" => "73" ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "en" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Association of illicit drug use in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in a public hospital in Mexico" ] ] "contieneResumen" => array:2 [ "es" => true "en" => true ] "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "contienePdf" => array:1 [ "es" => true ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "autoresLista" => "Lucía Miramontes-Buiza, Juan Carlos Lona-Reyes, Rene Oswaldo Pérez-Ramírez, Diego Magallón-Picazo, Araceli Cordero-Zamora, Larissa María Gómez-Ruiz, Tania Alejandra Cruz-Chávez" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Lucía" "apellidos" => "Miramontes-Buiza" ] 1 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Juan Carlos" "apellidos" => "Lona-Reyes" ] 2 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Rene Oswaldo" "apellidos" => "Pérez-Ramírez" ] 3 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Diego" "apellidos" => "Magallón-Picazo" ] 4 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Araceli" "apellidos" => "Cordero-Zamora" ] 5 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Larissa María" "apellidos" => "Gómez-Ruiz" ] 6 => array:2 [ "nombre" => "Tania Alejandra" "apellidos" => "Cruz-Chávez" ] ] ] ] "resumen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "clase" => "author-highlights" "resumen" => "<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•La incidencia de sífilis congénita fue 10,5 eventos/1000 RN en un Hospital de México.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•El consumo de drogas ilícitas en la madre se asoció a sífilis congénita.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Las drogas ilícitas de mayor uso fueron las metanfetaminas, marihuana y cocaína.</li></ul>" ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "es" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754123000585?idApp=UINPBA00004N" "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S0325754123000585/v1_202403171031/es/main.assets" ] "en" => array:20 [ "idiomaDefecto" => true "cabecera" => "Original article" "titulo" => "Prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis" "tieneTextoCompleto" => true "paginas" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "paginaInicial" => "74" "paginaFinal" => "78" ] ] "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "autoresLista" => "Viviana Flores, Marina Ruf, Silvia Paola Abad Farfan, Andrea Vanessa Suárez Echávez, Dolores Pilar Bastard, Maria Celeste Puga, Luis Daniel Mazzuoccolo" "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => array:4 [ "nombre" => "Viviana" "apellidos" => "Flores" "email" => array:1 [ 0 => "dra.vivianaflores@gmail.com" ] "referencia" => array:2 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "*" "identificador" => "cor0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Marina" "apellidos" => "Ruf" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Silvia Paola" "apellidos" => "Abad Farfan" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Andrea Vanessa" "apellidos" => "Suárez Echávez" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Dolores Pilar" "apellidos" => "Bastard" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Maria Celeste" "apellidos" => "Puga" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "nombre" => "Luis Daniel" "apellidos" => "Mazzuoccolo" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] ] ] ] "afiliaciones" => array:2 [ 0 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Servicio de Dermatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "a" "identificador" => "aff0005" ] 1 => array:3 [ "entidad" => "Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina" "etiqueta" => "b" "identificador" => "aff0010" ] ] "correspondencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "cor0005" "etiqueta" => "⁎" "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author." ] ] ] ] "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [ "es" => array:1 [ "titulo" => "Prevalencia de Demodex spp. en pacientes con blefaritis crónica" ] ] "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [ "original" => 0 "multimedia" => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 100363 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Microscope photography of epilated eyelashes showing adults and eggs of Demodex folliculorum (100×)." ] ] ] "textoCompleto" => "IntroductionBlepharitis is defined as an ocular surface disease commonly associated with eyelid inflammation and secondary eye irritation. It has a chronic clinical course with episodes of remission and exacerbation, and is usually difficult to manage<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085">4</a>.It is a very frequent disease in ophthalmology, dermatology and allergy practice. The reported symptoms are: presence of scales, loss of eyelashes, photophobia, tearing, blurred vision, burning or eye itching. It is associated with other eye diseases such as dry eye, Meibomian gland dysfunction, hordeolum, among others, as well as skin diseases, with rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis being the most frequent<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">13</a>. Blepharitis has multiple etiologies. Among them viral, mycotic and parasitic infections stand out; the latter include infection by Demodex spp.The genus Demodex spp. includes mites belonging to the Animalia domain, Arthropoda phylum, Arachnida class, Demodicidae family. It has a universal distribution and can colonize different mammals. They are the most common permanent ectoparasites in humans. The transmission can be by human–human contact or with fomites contaminated with mites that are in different stages of the evolutionary cycle of the parasite<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">7</a>.There are two species of Demodex (D.) spp. that can colonize humans: D. folliculorum and D. brevis. Their differential diagnosis is made under direct microscopic observation. The body of the adult D. folliculorum is between 250 and 400μm. Its vermiform abdomen (opisthosoma) is striated, elongated and can cover more than 7/10 of the total length, while the body of D. brevis is somewhat shorter (200–300μm) and its opisthosoma occupies up to 2/3 of the total body length<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">7,12,13</a>. D. folliculorum generally colonizes the pilosebaceous follicles of the seborrheic regions of the facial area, but can affect the anterior thorax, back, and extremities less frequently; while D. brevis lives in the Meibomian glands on the inner face of the eyelids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100">7,8,13</a>.The main purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis. Furthermore, we want to assess the most frequent clinical manifestations and the different variables that could interfere in the prevalence of this disease.Materials and methodsAll patients with suspected blepharitis associated with Demodex spp. referred to the Dermatology Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires to run a Rapitest of eyelashes in the period between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020 were included.Description of the Rapitest procedure: five lashes from the upper and lower eyelids of both eyes were extracted by traction, using sterile stainless-steel tweezers. The extracted eyelashes were observed under an optical microscope (100× and 400×) after the addition of 10% potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. Observation was conducted within 2h of making the preparation. It was considered positive if at least one of the evolutionary stages of Demodex spp. (egg, larva, protonymph, nymph, adult) was detected (<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs. 1 and 2</a>). The differentiation between D. folliculorum and D. brevis was conducted by the analysis of the morphological characteristics, such as the total length of the adults (in μm) and the size of the opisthosoma, which vary among species. The measurement of the size of the mites was carried out using an ocular micrometer; those measuring more than 300μm were considered D. folliculorum.<elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia>The following variables were collected: sex, age, month of visit, objective/subjective symptoms associated with the presence of the mite (meibomitis, epiphora, red eye, dandruff, sensation of grittiness, itching, burning, photophobia and blurred vision) and the association with dermatological conditions (rosacea, seborrheic dermatitis/oily skin).For the purposes of the analysis, the months of the year in which the Rapitest sample was taken were divided into 3 groups according to the average ambient temperature:<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020">Group 1: hot months (January/February/November/December)</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025">Group 2: warm months (March/April/September/October)</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030">Group 3: cold months (May/June/July/August)</li></ul>Data were obtained from the review of the electronic medical records (EMR). Retrieved demographic data and clinical attributes were entered into an electronic database. Data entry was performed by five independent operators with their subsequent reconciliation by the principal investigator in order to detect missing information or inaccurate values. The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Protocols of the Hospital Italiano.Statistical analysisContinuous variables were described as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range, based on the observed distribution. Categorical variables were described as absolute frequency and percentage. For the comparison of the categorical variables, the Fisher test was used and for the comparison of the continuous variables between multiple groups, the Kruskal–Wallis test was used, adjusted by Bonferroni. A value of p<0.05 was considered significant. The STATA 13.1 statistical package was used for the analysis.ResultsWe analyzed 972 samples of eyelashes from patients with chronic blepharitis and clinical suspicion of blepharitis due to Demodex spp. The age ranged from 5 to 96 years old. They were treated at the Ophthalmology, Allergy and Dermatology Departments of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires and referred to the Dermatology Department to run the parasitological test (Rapitest). Patients assessed from 1/1/2016 to 12/31/2020 were included. In 60% (n=585) of the assessed patients the presence of Demodex spp. was observed. The species found in 100% of the positive samples was D. folliculorum.<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> describes the main clinical and epidemiological attributes of the patients assessed in the study. There was a predominance of female patients, who accounted for 75% of the total number of patients (n=728). If we only consider the positive Rapitest results for Demodex spp. (n=585), there were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex (p=0.38). The median age at the time of the Rapitest sample collection was 67 years old (IQR 53–75.5). Sixty five percent (n=411) of the patients with a positive result for the presence of Demodex spp. were over 60 years old.<elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia>In patients with a positive result for the presence of Demodex spp., the most frequently reported symptom was itching (n=342), while the most frequently observed sign was meibomitis, observed in 21% (n=202) of cases. A significant difference was observed in the presence of cylindrical dandruff (p<0.001) in patients with blepharitis associated with the presence of the mite (n=120). A statistically significant association was detected (p=0.03) in patients with rosacea and positive results for the presence of Demodex spp.; history of seborrheic dermatitis/oily skin did not show statistically significant results for the presence of the mite (p=0.88). A statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with a positive result for Demodex spp. during the months with lower ambient temperature (Group 3), was observed (p=0.006). No significant difference was observed in the positive results throughout the different years of assessment: 2016 (55%), 2017 (57%), 2018 (61%), 2019 (59%), 2020 (66%).DiscussionThe prevalence of Demodex spp. in our population, patients with suspected blepharitis associated with Demodex spp. referred to the Dermatology Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires to run a Rapitest of eyelashes in the period between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020, was 60%. This value is above that reported in similar studies. Velasco et al., documented 100 patients in 2017, observing an infection prevalence of 44%. On the other hand, Galvis et al., in 2011, reported a prevalence of 42% in 128 patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">3,11</a> and Demirkazık et al detected Demodex spp.in 42.6% of the 335 patients in 2020 publication<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070">1</a>.In our study, a positive test was directly related to age, being close to 65% in patients over 60 years old. This data is consistent with the information reported by López-Ponce et al. in 2017, who observed that 94.55% of infected patients were over 71 years of age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095">6</a>. This may be associated with structural changes in the eyelid margin and decreased barrier function due to skin aging<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110">9</a>. As reported by Mongi et al., in 2018, significant association was detected between the presence of the mite and patient gender<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100">7</a>.The most frequent sign was meibomitis, followed by cylindrical dandruff. The associated symptom reported in the largest number of patients was itching (35%), followed by grittiness (27%) and epiphora (20%). These results are comparable with the cases analyzed in other studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080">3,11</a>. However, in a study conducted by Laspina et al., in 2015, it was shown that the most frequent signs and symptoms were burning and papillary hypertrophy, both in the group of patients with Demodex spp., and without it<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090">5</a>.The slight increase in positive tests for the presence of Demodex spp. in 2020 could be associated with the fact that only patients with severe symptoms attended the consultation because of mandatory isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Ancillary studies were not carried out, the presence or absence of associated symptoms or signs referred to in the clinical history was considered.The detection of Demodex spp. through the extraction of eyelashes by traction – selecting those presenting cylindrical dandruff, disorders in their arrangement (trichiasis, madarosis) and those easily detaching from the palpebral edge – has the advantage of being a simple and efficient method with minimal discomfort for the patient. Additionally, it optimizes the quality of the sample for microscopic examination, allowing a definitive diagnosis and adequate treatment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075">2,10</a>. A higher prevalence of mite presence was observed in patients with chronic blepharitis during the hot/warm months. This factor should be taken into account upon suspicion of this disease.Our results show a high prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients older than 60 years old with symptoms of chronic blepharitis not associated with other infectious diseases. The relevance of a definitive diagnosis in this population is highlighted by carrying out a parasitological examination of the eyelashes (Rapitest), a technique that allows an adequate treatment and the improvement of the patients’ quality of life<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130">13</a>.Ethical disclosureProtection of individuals and animalsThe authors declare that no experiments have been performed on humans or animals for this research.Data confidentialityThe authors declare that they have followed their institutional policy on the publication of patient data.Right to privacy and informed consentThe authors declare that they have followed their institutional policy on the publication of patient data.FundingThis research has not received specific aids from public sector agencies, the commercial sector or non-profit entities.Conflict of interestThe authors declare no conflicts of interest." "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [ "secciones" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2109219" "titulo" => "Highlights" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0005" ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2109220" "titulo" => "Abstract" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0010" ] ] ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796968" "titulo" => "Keywords" ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "xres2109218" "titulo" => "Resumen" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "identificador" => "abst0015" ] ] ] 4 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796969" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" ] 5 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0005" "titulo" => "Introduction" ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0010" "titulo" => "Materials and methods" "secciones" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0015" "titulo" => "Statistical analysis" ] ] ] 7 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0020" "titulo" => "Results" ] 8 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0025" "titulo" => "Discussion" ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "sec0030" "titulo" => "Ethical disclosure" "secciones" => array:3 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0035" "titulo" => "Protection of individuals and animals" ] 1 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0040" "titulo" => "Data confidentiality" ] 2 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0045" "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent" ] ] ] 10 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0050" "titulo" => "Funding" ] 11 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "sec0055" "titulo" => "Conflict of interest" ] 12 => array:1 [ "titulo" => "References" ] ] ] "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf" "tienePdf" => true "fechaRecibido" => "2022-10-25" "fechaAceptado" => "2023-05-25" "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [ "en" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Keywords" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796968" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Demodex spp." 1 => "Chronic blepharitis" 2 => "Dry eye" 3 => "Eye pruritus" 4 => "Meibomitis" 5 => "Ectoparasites" ] ] ] "es" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "clase" => "keyword" "titulo" => "Palabras clave" "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796969" "palabras" => array:6 [ 0 => "Demodex spp." 1 => "Blefaritis crónica" 2 => "Ojo seco" 3 => "Prurito ocular" 4 => "Meibomitis" 5 => "Ectoparásitos" ] ] ] ] "tieneResumen" => true "highlights" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Highlights" "resumen" => "<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005">•High prevalence of Demodex spp. blepharitis in patients older than 60 years old.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010">•Meibomitis, dandruff, itching, epiphora were associated with blepharitis by Demodex spp.</li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015">•Diagnosis of blepharitis by Demodex spp. allows for an adequate treatment.</li></ul>" ] "resumen" => array:2 [ "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Abstract" "resumen" => "Blepharitis is a very common disease in ophthalmology, dermatology and allergy practice. It generally follows a chronic course and is frequently associated with objective and/or subjective symptoms such as epiphora, red eye, dandruff, gritty sensation, itching, burning, photophobia, and blurred vision. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between 2016 and 2020. All patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis who underwent a parasitological test of eyelashes (Rapitest) in the Dermatology Department of the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires were included. Those with previously established blepharitis due to another infectious cause were excluded. We analyzed 972 patients. Sixty percent (n=585) underwent a positive Rapitest for the presence of Demodex spp. Seventy five percent (n=728) were women. There were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex (p=0.38). Among the patients positive for Demodex spp., 65% (n=628) were older than 60 years old. The most frequently associated symptom was itching, present in 35% (n=342). A statistically significant decrease in the number of consultations was observed during the cold months of the year (May–June–July–August). Our results show a high prevalence of Demodex spp. in patients with chronic blepharitis. As its presence reveals a direct association with age, we recommend looking for this parasite in this age group." ] "es" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Resumen" "resumen" => "La blefaritis es una enfermedad muy frecuente en la consulta de oftalmología, dermatología y alergia. Generalmente, esta afección es de evolución crónica y, a menudo, se asocia con síntomas objetivos o subjetivos referidos por el paciente, como epífora, ojo rojo, caspa, sensación de arenilla, prurito, ardor, fotofobia y visión borrosa. El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la prevalencia de Demodex spp. en pacientes con síntomas de blefaritis crónica. Se realizó un estudio analítico de corte transversal en el período comprendido entre 2016 y 2020. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con síntomas de blefaritis crónica que realizaron el estudio parasitológico de pestañas (Rapitest) en el Servicio de Dermatología del Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires. Se excluyeron aquellos con blefaritis previamente establecida por otra causa infecciosa. El número total de pacientes incluidos fue de 972, el 60% de ellos (n=585) presentaron Rapitest positivo para la presencia de Demodex spp. El 75% (n=728) fueron mujeres. No hubo diferencias significativas en la prevalencia asociada al sexo (p=0,38). Entre los pacientes en los que se detectó Demodex spp., el 65% (n=628) eran mayores de 60 años, y el síntoma asociado con mayor frecuencia fue el prurito, presente en un 35% (n=342). Se observó una disminución estadísticamente significativa en el número de consultas durante los meses más fríos del año (mayo-junio-julio-agosto). Los resultados del presente estudio evidencian una alta prevalencia de Demodex spp. en pacientes con blefaritis crónica. El hallazgo de este agente tuvo una relación directa con la edad mayor de 60 años, por lo que sugerimos su búsqueda en este grupo etario." ] ] "multimedia" => array:3 [ 0 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0005" "etiqueta" => "Figure 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg" "Alto" => 589 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 85726 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Microscope photography of an epilated eyelash showing adult Demodex folliculorum (100×)." ] ] 1 => array:7 [ "identificador" => "fig0010" "etiqueta" => "Figure 2" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "figura" => array:1 [ 0 => array:4 [ "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg" "Alto" => 599 "Ancho" => 755 "Tamanyo" => 100363 ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Microscope photography of epilated eyelashes showing adults and eggs of Demodex folliculorum (100×)." ] ] 2 => array:8 [ "identificador" => "tbl0005" "etiqueta" => "Table 1" "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA" "mostrarFloat" => true "mostrarDisplay" => false "detalles" => array:1 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "at1" "detalle" => "Table " "rol" => "short" ] ] "tabla" => array:1 [ "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "tabla" => array:1 [ 0 => """ <table border="0" frame="\n \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical attributes, signs and symptoms of the assessed patientsn=972 (100%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rapitest (−)n=387 (40%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rapitest (+)n=585 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n \t\t\t\t " align="center" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">p-Value \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Female728 (75%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">284 (39%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">444 (61%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.380 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60+ years old628 (65%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">217 (35%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">411 (65%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Red eye151 (16%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (40%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">91 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.076 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Blurred vision20 (2%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (40%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">12 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.079 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Meibomitis202 (21%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (30%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">142 (70%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Epiphora199 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">77 (39%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">122 (61%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.099 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Gritty sensation in the eyes259 (27%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">99 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">160 (80%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.074 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Photophobia10 (1%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">2 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">8 (80%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.047 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Itching342 (35%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">138 (40%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">204 (60%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.074 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Soreness143 (15%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (42%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">83 (58%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.054 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Cylindrical dandruff160 (16%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">40 (25%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">120 (75%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"><0.001 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Oily skin/seborrheic dermatitis88 (9%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">37 (42%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">51 (58%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.88 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t"></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">Rosacea191 (20%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">60 (31%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">131 (69%) \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n \t\t\t\t " align="char" valign="\n \t\t\t\t\ttop\n \t\t\t\t">0.030 \t\t\t\t\t\t\n \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table> """ ] "imagenFichero" => array:1 [ 0 => "xTab3489001.png" ] ] ] ] "descripcion" => array:1 [ "en" => "Clinical attributes, signs, and symptoms of patients with chronic blepharitis and parasitological study of eyelashes." ] ] ] "bibliografia" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "References" "seccion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "identificador" => "bibs0015" "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:13 [ 0 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0070" "etiqueta" => "1" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Blepharitis caused by Demodex" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "M. Demirkazık" 1 => "İ.S. Koltaş" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4274/tpd.galenos.2019.6476" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Turkiye Parazitol Derg" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "44" "paginaInicial" => "21" "paginaFinal" => "24" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32212585" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 1 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0075" "etiqueta" => "2" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Demodex blepharitis: clinical perspectives" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "S.R. Fromstein" 1 => "J.S. Harthan" 2 => "J. Patel" 3 => "D.L. Opitz" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Optom" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "10" "paginaInicial" => "57" "paginaFinal" => "63" ] ] ] ] ] ] 2 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0080" "etiqueta" => "3" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalencia de infección por Demodex folliculorum en pacientes que acuden a consulta general de oftalmología" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:4 [ 0 => "V. Galvis-Ramírez" 1 => "A. Tello-Hernández" 2 => "L. Álvarez-Osorio" 3 => "J.J. Rey-Serrano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Salud Pública" "fecha" => "2011" "volumen" => "13" "paginaInicial" => "990" "paginaFinal" => "997" ] ] ] ] ] ] 3 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0085" "etiqueta" => "4" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Development and evaluation of a measure of patient-reported symptoms of blepharitis" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "K. Hosseini" 1 => "L.B. Bourque" 2 => "R.D. Hays" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1186/s12955-018-0839-5" "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Health Qual Life Outcomes" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "11" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325546" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 4 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0090" "etiqueta" => "5" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Demodex spp. en pacientes con blefaritis crónica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "F. Laspina" 1 => "M. Samudio" 2 => "M. Arrúa" 3 => "R. Sanabria" 4 => "N. Fariña" 5 => "L. Carpinell" 6 => "D. Cibils" 7 => "H. Mino de Kaspar" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.4067/S0716-10182015000200008" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Chilena Infectol" "fecha" => "2015" "volumen" => "32" "paginaInicial" => "37" "paginaFinal" => "42" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25860042" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 5 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0095" "etiqueta" => "6" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Alta prevalencia de infestación por Demodex spp. en pacientes con blefaritis posterior: correlación con edad y caspa cilíndrica" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:8 [ 0 => "D. López-Ponce" 1 => "F. Zuazo" 2 => "C. Cartes" 3 => "D. Salinas-Toro" 4 => "C. Pérez-Valenzuela" 5 => "F. Valenzuela" 6 => "L. Traipe-Castro" 7 => "R.O. López-Solís" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2017.01.001" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "92" "paginaInicial" => "412" "paginaFinal" => "418" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552438" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 6 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0100" "etiqueta" => "7" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ácaros del género Demodex: ¿parásitos colonizadores de personas sanas o asociados a patología ocular?" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "F. Mongi" 1 => "L. Laconte" 2 => "R.D. Casero" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2017.09.002" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Argent Microbiol" "fecha" => "2018" "volumen" => "50" "paginaInicial" => "369" "paginaFinal" => "373" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29426737" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 7 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0105" "etiqueta" => "8" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ocular Demodex folliculorum: prevalence and associated symptoms in an Irish population" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "O. Murphy" 1 => "V. O’Dwyer" 2 => "A. Lloyd-McKernan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1007/s10792-018-0826-1" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Int Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "39" "paginaInicial" => "405" "paginaFinal" => "417" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29380184" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 8 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0110" "etiqueta" => "9" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence and density of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (Acari: Demodicidae) in Erzincan Province" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:3 [ 0 => "E. Tilki" 1 => "E. Zeytun" 2 => "S. Doğan" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.5152/tpd.2017.5156" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Turkiye Parazitol Derg" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "41" "paginaInicial" => "80" "paginaFinal" => "86" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28695830" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 9 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0115" "etiqueta" => "10" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "The prevalence of Demodex blepharitis in US eye care clinic patients as determined by collarettes: a pathognomonic sign" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:7 [ 0 => "W. Trattler" 1 => "P. Karpecki" 2 => "Y. Rapoport" 3 => "E. Sadri" 4 => "S. Schachter" 5 => "W.O. Whitley" 6 => "E. Yeu" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.2147/OPTH.S354692" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Clin Ophthalmol" "fecha" => "2022" "volumen" => "16" "paginaInicial" => "1153" "paginaFinal" => "1164" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35449733" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 10 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0120" "etiqueta" => "11" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalencia de demodicosis periocular en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:6 [ 0 => "L.A. Velasco" 1 => "E.T. Villaseñor-Fierro" 2 => "L.R. Saucedo-Rodriguez" 3 => "C.I. Apreza-González" 4 => "R. De la Rosa-Bibiano" 5 => "E.D. Rubio-Arellano" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:1 [ "Revista" => array:5 [ "tituloSerie" => "Rev Méd MD" "fecha" => "2017" "volumen" => "8.9" "paginaInicial" => "51" "paginaFinal" => "56" ] ] ] ] ] ] 11 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0125" "etiqueta" => "12" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Prevalence and load of Demodex folliculorum and Demodex brevis (Acari: Demodicidae) in patients with chronic blepharitis in the province of Erzincan, Turkey" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:2 [ 0 => "E. Zeytun" 1 => "Y. Karakurt" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1093/jme/tjy143" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "J Med Entomol" "fecha" => "2019" "volumen" => "56" "paginaInicial" => "2" "paginaFinal" => "9" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30137440" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] 12 => array:3 [ "identificador" => "bib0130" "etiqueta" => "13" "referencia" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "contribucion" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Ocular Demodex: a systematic review of the clinical literature" "autores" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "etal" => false "autores" => array:5 [ 0 => "A.C. Zhang" 1 => "A. Muntz" 2 => "M.T.M. Wang" 3 => "J.P. Craig" 4 => "L.E. Downie" ] ] ] ] ] "host" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "doi" => "10.1111/opo.12691" "Revista" => array:6 [ "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmic Physiol Opt" "fecha" => "2020" "volumen" => "40" "paginaInicial" => "389" "paginaFinal" => "432" "link" => array:1 [ 0 => array:2 [ "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32691894" "web" => "Medline" ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S032575412300055X/v1_202403171031/en/main.assets" "Apartado" => array:4 [ "identificador" => "37861" "tipo" => "SECCION" "en" => array:2 [ "titulo" => "Microbiología clínica y enfermedades infecciosas" "idiomaDefecto" => true ] "idiomaDefecto" => "en" ] "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S032575412300055X/v1_202403171031/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/" "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S032575412300055X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"]

Statistics

Original article

Prevalencia de Demodex spp. en pacientes con blefaritis crónica

Viviana Floresa,

Corresponding author

dra.vivianaflores@gmail.com

Corresponding author.

, Marina Rufa, Silvia Paola Abad Farfana, Andrea Vanessa Suárez Echáveza, Dolores Pilar Bastarda, Maria Celeste Pugab, Luis Daniel Mazzuoccoloa

a Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Servicio de Dermatología, Buenos Aires, Argentina

b Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Departamento de Investigación, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Read

618

Times
was read the article

168

Total PDF

450

Total HTML

Share statistics

 array:23 [
  "pii" => "S032575412300055X"
  "issn" => "03257541"
  "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2023.05.005"
  "estado" => "S300"
  "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01"
  "aid" => "555"
  "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Argentina de Microbiolog&#237;a"
  "copyrightAnyo" => "2023"
  "documento" => "article"
  "crossmark" => 1
  "subdocumento" => "fla"
  "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024;56:74-8"
  "abierto" => array:3 [
    "ES" => false
    "ES2" => false
    "LATM" => false
  ]
  "gratuito" => false
  "lecturas" => array:1 [
    "total" => 0
  ]
  "itemSiguiente" => array:17 [
    "pii" => "S0325754123000597"
    "issn" => "03257541"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2023.06.004"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01"
    "aid" => "559"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024;56:79-89"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "en" => array:14 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
      "titulo" => "Growth&#44; tolerance&#44; and enzyme activities of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> strains in culture media added with a pyrethroids-based insecticide"
      "tienePdf" => "en"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "en"
      "tieneResumen" => array:3 [
        0 => "en"
        1 => "en"
        2 => "es"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "79"
          "paginaFinal" => "89"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "es" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Crecimiento&#44; tolerancia y actividades enzim&#225;ticas de cepas de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> en medios de cultivo adicionados con un insecticida a base de piretroides"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "en" => true
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "en" => true
      ]
      "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
        "original" => 0
        "multimedia" => array:7 [
          "identificador" => "fig0010"
          "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
          "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
          "mostrarFloat" => true
          "mostrarDisplay" => false
          "figura" => array:1 [
            0 => array:4 [
              "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
              "Alto" => 2895
              "Ancho" => 2091
              "Tamanyo" => 275621
            ]
          ]
          "descripcion" => array:1 [
            "en" => "<p id="spar0025" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">&#40;a&#41; Radial growth rate &#40;mm&#47;h&#41; and &#40;b&#41; radial growth rate inhibition &#40;RGRI&#37;&#41; of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> strains and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Phanerochaete chrysosporium</span>-ATCC34540 in solid medium &#40;PDA&#41; with 0&#44; 50&#44; 100&#44; 150&#44; and 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>mg&#47;l of commercial insecticide H24&#174; with three active ingredients &#40;permethrin&#44; prallethrin&#44; and propoxur&#41;&#46; Means<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#177;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>standard error &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>4&#41;&#46;</p>"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Caliope Mendarte-Alquisira, Alejandro Alarc&#243;n, Ronald Ferrera-Cerrato"
          "autores" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Caliope"
              "apellidos" => "Mendarte-Alquisira"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Alejandro"
              "apellidos" => "Alarc&#243;n"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Ronald"
              "apellidos" => "Ferrera-Cerrato"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "resumen" => array:1 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "titulo" => "Highlights"
          "clase" => "author-highlights"
          "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> spp&#46; strains tolerate 200<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm of pyrethroids and carbamate insecticides&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> spp&#46; consortium growth in liquid culture with 100<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>ppm of insecticide&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Insecticide promotes the release of proteins and peroxidases by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> spp&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Insecticide decreases chitinase and endoglucanase produced by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Trichoderma</span> spp&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754123000597?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S0325754123000597/v1_202403171031/en/main.assets"
  ]
  "itemAnterior" => array:18 [
    "pii" => "S0325754123000585"
    "issn" => "03257541"
    "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2023.07.002"
    "estado" => "S300"
    "fechaPublicacion" => "2024-01-01"
    "aid" => "558"
    "copyright" => "Asociaci&#243;n Argentina de Microbiolog&#237;a"
    "documento" => "article"
    "crossmark" => 1
    "subdocumento" => "fla"
    "cita" => "Rev Argent Microbiol. 2024;56:69-73"
    "abierto" => array:3 [
      "ES" => false
      "ES2" => false
      "LATM" => false
    ]
    "gratuito" => false
    "lecturas" => array:1 [
      "total" => 0
    ]
    "es" => array:13 [
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
      "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">INFORME BREVE</span>"
      "titulo" => "Asociaci&#243;n del consumo de drogas il&#237;citas en mujeres embarazadas y s&#237;filis cong&#233;nita en un Hospital P&#250;blico de M&#233;xico"
      "tienePdf" => "es"
      "tieneTextoCompleto" => "es"
      "tieneResumen" => array:3 [
        0 => "es"
        1 => "es"
        2 => "en"
      ]
      "paginas" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "paginaInicial" => "69"
          "paginaFinal" => "73"
        ]
      ]
      "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
        "en" => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "Association of illicit drug use in pregnant women and congenital syphilis in a public hospital in Mexico"
        ]
      ]
      "contieneResumen" => array:2 [
        "es" => true
        "en" => true
      ]
      "contieneTextoCompleto" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "contienePdf" => array:1 [
        "es" => true
      ]
      "autores" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "autoresLista" => "Luc&#237;a Miramontes-Buiza, Juan Carlos Lona-Reyes, Rene Oswaldo P&#233;rez-Ram&#237;rez, Diego Magall&#243;n-Picazo, Araceli Cordero-Zamora, Larissa Mar&#237;a G&#243;mez-Ruiz, Tania Alejandra Cruz-Ch&#225;vez"
          "autores" => array:7 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Luc&#237;a"
              "apellidos" => "Miramontes-Buiza"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Juan Carlos"
              "apellidos" => "Lona-Reyes"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Rene Oswaldo"
              "apellidos" => "P&#233;rez-Ram&#237;rez"
            ]
            3 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Diego"
              "apellidos" => "Magall&#243;n-Picazo"
            ]
            4 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Araceli"
              "apellidos" => "Cordero-Zamora"
            ]
            5 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Larissa Mar&#237;a"
              "apellidos" => "G&#243;mez-Ruiz"
            ]
            6 => array:2 [
              "nombre" => "Tania Alejandra"
              "apellidos" => "Cruz-Ch&#225;vez"
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "resumen" => array:1 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "titulo" => "Highlights"
          "clase" => "author-highlights"
          "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0005" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0005"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">La incidencia de s&#237;filis cong&#233;nita fue 10&#44;5 eventos&#47;1000 RN en un Hospital de M&#233;xico&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">El consumo de drogas il&#237;citas en la madre se asoci&#243; a s&#237;filis cong&#233;nita&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Las drogas il&#237;citas de mayor uso fueron las metanfetaminas&#44; marihuana y coca&#237;na&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "es"
    "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S0325754123000585?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
    "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S0325754123000585/v1_202403171031/es/main.assets"
  ]
  "en" => array:20 [
    "idiomaDefecto" => true
    "cabecera" => "<span class="elsevierStyleTextfn">Original article</span>"
    "titulo" => "Prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in patients with chronic blepharitis"
    "tieneTextoCompleto" => true
    "paginas" => array:1 [
      0 => array:2 [
        "paginaInicial" => "74"
        "paginaFinal" => "78"
      ]
    ]
    "autores" => array:1 [
      0 => array:4 [
        "autoresLista" => "Viviana Flores, Marina Ruf, Silvia Paola Abad Farfan, Andrea Vanessa Su&#225;rez Ech&#225;vez, Dolores Pilar Bastard, Maria Celeste Puga, Luis Daniel Mazzuoccolo"
        "autores" => array:7 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "nombre" => "Viviana"
            "apellidos" => "Flores"
            "email" => array:1 [
              0 => "dra.vivianaflores@gmail.com"
            ]
            "referencia" => array:2 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
              1 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">&#42;</span>"
                "identificador" => "cor0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Marina"
            "apellidos" => "Ruf"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          2 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Silvia Paola"
            "apellidos" => "Abad Farfan"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          3 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Andrea Vanessa"
            "apellidos" => "Su&#225;rez Ech&#225;vez"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          4 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Dolores Pilar"
            "apellidos" => "Bastard"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          5 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Maria Celeste"
            "apellidos" => "Puga"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">b</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0010"
              ]
            ]
          ]
          6 => array:3 [
            "nombre" => "Luis Daniel"
            "apellidos" => "Mazzuoccolo"
            "referencia" => array:1 [
              0 => array:2 [
                "etiqueta" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSup">a</span>"
                "identificador" => "aff0005"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "afiliaciones" => array:2 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires&#44; Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a&#44; Buenos Aires&#44; Argentina"
            "etiqueta" => "a"
            "identificador" => "aff0005"
          ]
          1 => array:3 [
            "entidad" => "Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires&#44; Departamento de Investigaci&#243;n&#44; Buenos Aires&#44; Argentina"
            "etiqueta" => "b"
            "identificador" => "aff0010"
          ]
        ]
        "correspondencia" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "cor0005"
            "etiqueta" => "&#8270;"
            "correspondencia" => "Corresponding author&#46;"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "titulosAlternativos" => array:1 [
      "es" => array:1 [
        "titulo" => "Prevalencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; en pacientes con blefaritis cr&#243;nica"
      ]
    ]
    "resumenGrafico" => array:2 [
      "original" => 0
      "multimedia" => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 599
            "Ancho" => 755
            "Tamanyo" => 100363
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microscope photography of epilated eyelashes showing adults and eggs of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span> &#40;100&#215;&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "textoCompleto" => "<span class="elsevierStyleSections"><span id="sec0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0030">Introduction</span><p id="par0020" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Blepharitis is defined as an ocular surface disease commonly associated with eyelid inflammation and secondary eye irritation&#46; It has a chronic clinical course with episodes of remission and exacerbation&#44; and is usually difficult to manage<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0085"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">4</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0025" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">It is a very frequent disease in ophthalmology&#44; dermatology and allergy practice&#46; The reported symptoms are&#58; presence of scales&#44; loss of eyelashes&#44; photophobia&#44; tearing&#44; blurred vision&#44; burning or eye itching&#46; It is associated with other eye diseases such as dry eye&#44; Meibomian gland dysfunction&#44; hordeolum&#44; among others&#44; as well as skin diseases&#44; with rosacea and seborrheic dermatitis being the most frequent<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46; Blepharitis has multiple etiologies&#46; Among them viral&#44; mycotic and parasitic infections stand out&#59; the latter include infection by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;</p><p id="par0030" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The genus <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; includes mites belonging to the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Animalia</span> domain&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arthropoda</span> phylum&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Arachnida</span> class&#44; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodicidae</span> family&#46; It has a universal distribution and can colonize different mammals&#46; They are the most common permanent ectoparasites in humans&#46; The transmission can be by human&#8211;human contact or with fomites contaminated with mites that are in different stages of the evolutionary cycle of the parasite<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0035" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">There are two species of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46;</span>&#41; spp&#46; that can colonize humans&#58; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; folliculorum</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; brevis</span>&#46; Their differential diagnosis is made under direct microscopic observation&#46; The body of the adult <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; folliculorum</span> is between 250 and 400<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#46; Its vermiform abdomen &#40;opisthosoma&#41; is striated&#44; elongated and can cover more than 7&#47;10 of the total length&#44; while the body of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; brevi</span>s is somewhat shorter &#40;200&#8211;300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m&#41; and its opisthosoma occupies up to 2&#47;3 of the total body length<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;12&#44;13</span></a>&#46; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; folliculorum</span> generally colonizes the pilosebaceous follicles of the seborrheic regions of the facial area&#44; but can affect the anterior thorax&#44; back&#44; and extremities less frequently&#59; while <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; brevis</span> lives in the Meibomian glands on the inner face of the eyelids<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7&#44;8&#44;13</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0040" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The main purpose of this study is to estimate the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in patients with chronic blepharitis&#46; Furthermore&#44; we want to assess the most frequent clinical manifestations and the different variables that could interfere in the prevalence of this disease&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0035">Materials and methods</span><p id="par0045" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">All patients with suspected blepharitis associated with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; referred to the Dermatology Department of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires</span> to run a Rapitest of eyelashes in the period between January 1&#44; 2016 and December 31&#44; 2020 were included&#46;</p><p id="par0050" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Description of the Rapitest procedure</span>&#58; five lashes from the upper and lower eyelids of both eyes were extracted by traction&#44; using sterile stainless-steel tweezers&#46; The extracted eyelashes were observed under an optical microscope &#40;100&#215; and 400&#215;&#41; after the addition of 10&#37; potassium hydroxide &#40;KOH&#41; solution&#46; Observation was conducted within 2<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>h of making the preparation&#46; It was considered positive if at least one of the evolutionary stages of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; &#40;egg&#44; larva&#44; protonymph&#44; nymph&#44; adult&#41; was detected &#40;<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#fig0005">Figs&#46; 1 and 2</a>&#41;&#46; The differentiation between <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; folliculorum</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; brevis</span> was conducted by the analysis of the morphological characteristics&#44; such as the total length of the adults &#40;in &#956;m&#41; and the size of the opisthosoma&#44; which vary among species&#46; The measurement of the size of the mites was carried out using an ocular micrometer&#59; those measuring more than 300<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#956;m were considered <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; folliculorum</span>&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0005"></elsevierMultimedia><elsevierMultimedia ident="fig0010"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0055" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">The following variables were collected</span>&#58; sex&#44; age&#44; month of visit&#44; objective&#47;subjective symptoms associated with the presence of the mite &#40;meibomitis&#44; epiphora&#44; red eye&#44; dandruff&#44; sensation of grittiness&#44; itching&#44; burning&#44; photophobia and blurred vision&#41; and the association with dermatological conditions &#40;rosacea&#44; seborrheic dermatitis&#47;oily skin&#41;&#46;</p><p id="par0060" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">For the purposes of the analysis&#44; the months of the year in which the Rapitest sample was taken were divided into 3 groups according to the average ambient temperature&#58;<ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0010"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0020"><p id="par0065" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 1&#58; hot months &#40;January&#47;February&#47;November&#47;December&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0025"><p id="par0070" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 2&#58; warm months &#40;March&#47;April&#47;September&#47;October&#41;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0030"><p id="par0075" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Group 3&#58; cold months &#40;May&#47;June&#47;July&#47;August&#41;</p></li></ul></p><p id="par0080" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Data were obtained from the review of the electronic medical records &#40;EMR&#41;&#46; Retrieved demographic data and clinical attributes were entered into an electronic database&#46; Data entry was performed by five independent operators with their subsequent reconciliation by the principal investigator in order to detect missing information or inaccurate values&#46; The protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Research Protocols of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Italiano</span>&#46;</p><span id="sec0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0040">Statistical analysis</span><p id="par0085" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Continuous variables were described as mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile range&#44; based on the observed distribution&#46; Categorical variables were described as absolute frequency and percentage&#46; For the comparison of the categorical variables&#44; the Fisher test was used and for the comparison of the continuous variables between multiple groups&#44; the Kruskal&#8211;Wallis test was used&#44; adjusted by Bonferroni&#46; A value of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;05 was considered significant&#46; The STATA 13&#46;1 statistical package was used for the analysis&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0020" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0045">Results</span><p id="par0090" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">We analyzed 972 samples of eyelashes from patients with chronic blepharitis and clinical suspicion of blepharitis due to <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; The age ranged from 5 to 96 years old&#46; They were treated at the Ophthalmology&#44; Allergy and Dermatology Departments of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires</span> and referred to the Dermatology Department to run the parasitological test &#40;Rapitest&#41;&#46; Patients assessed from 1&#47;1&#47;2016 to 12&#47;31&#47;2020 were included&#46; In 60&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>585&#41; of the assessed patients the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; was observed&#46; The species found in 100&#37; of the positive samples was <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">D&#46; folliculorum</span>&#46;</p><p id="par0095" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall"><a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#tbl0005">Table 1</a> describes the main clinical and epidemiological attributes of the patients assessed in the study&#46; There was a predominance of female patients&#44; who accounted for 75&#37; of the total number of patients &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>728&#41;&#46; If we only consider the positive Rapitest results for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>585&#41;&#44; there were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&#41;&#46; The median age at the time of the Rapitest sample collection was 67 years old &#40;IQR 53&#8211;75&#46;5&#41;&#46; Sixty five percent &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>411&#41; of the patients with a positive result for the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; were over 60 years old&#46;</p><elsevierMultimedia ident="tbl0005"></elsevierMultimedia><p id="par0100" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In patients with a positive result for the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;&#44; the most frequently reported symptom was itching &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>342&#41;&#44; while the most frequently observed sign was meibomitis&#44; observed in 21&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>202&#41; of cases&#46; A significant difference was observed in the presence of cylindrical dandruff &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#60;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;001&#41; in patients with blepharitis associated with the presence of the mite &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>120&#41;&#46; A statistically significant association was detected &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;03&#41; in patients with rosacea and positive results for the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;&#59; history of seborrheic dermatitis&#47;oily skin did not show statistically significant results for the presence of the mite &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;88&#41;&#46; A statistically significant decrease in the number of patients with a positive result for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; during the months with lower ambient temperature &#40;Group 3&#41;&#44; was observed &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;006&#41;&#46; No significant difference was observed in the positive results throughout the different years of assessment&#58; 2016 &#40;55&#37;&#41;&#44; 2017 &#40;57&#37;&#41;&#44; 2018 &#40;61&#37;&#41;&#44; 2019 &#40;59&#37;&#41;&#44; 2020 &#40;66&#37;&#41;&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0025" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0050">Discussion</span><p id="par0105" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in our population&#44; patients with suspected blepharitis associated with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; referred to the Dermatology Department of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires</span> to run a Rapitest of eyelashes in the period between January 1&#44; 2016 and December 31&#44; 2020&#44; was 60&#37;&#46; This value is above that reported in similar studies&#46; Velasco et al&#46;&#44; documented 100 patients in 2017&#44; observing an infection prevalence of 44&#37;&#46; On the other hand&#44; Galvis et al&#46;&#44; in 2011&#44; reported a prevalence of 42&#37; in 128 patients<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11</span></a> and Demirkaz&#305;k et al detected <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;in 42&#46;6&#37; of the 335 patients in 2020 publication<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0070"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">1</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0110" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">In our study&#44; a positive test was directly related to age&#44; being close to 65&#37; in patients over 60 years old&#46; This data is consistent with the information reported by L&#243;pez-Ponce et al&#46; in 2017&#44; who observed that 94&#46;55&#37; of infected patients were over 71 years of age<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0095"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">6</span></a>&#46; This may be associated with structural changes in the eyelid margin and decreased barrier function due to skin aging<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0110"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">9</span></a>&#46; As reported by Mongi et al&#46;&#44; in 2018&#44; significant association was detected between the presence of the mite and patient gender<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0100"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">7</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0115" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The most frequent sign was meibomitis&#44; followed by cylindrical dandruff&#46; The associated symptom reported in the largest number of patients was itching &#40;35&#37;&#41;&#44; followed by grittiness &#40;27&#37;&#41; and epiphora &#40;20&#37;&#41;&#46; These results are comparable with the cases analyzed in other studies<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0080"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">3&#44;11</span></a>&#46; However&#44; in a study conducted by Laspina et al&#46;&#44; in 2015&#44; it was shown that the most frequent signs and symptoms were burning and papillary hypertrophy&#44; both in the group of patients with <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;&#44; and without it<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0090"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">5</span></a>&#46;</p><p id="par0120" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The slight increase in positive tests for the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in 2020 could be associated with the fact that only patients with severe symptoms attended the consultation because of mandatory isolation due to the COVID-19 pandemic&#46; Ancillary studies were not carried out&#44; the presence or absence of associated symptoms or signs referred to in the clinical history was considered&#46;</p><p id="par0125" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The detection of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; through the extraction of eyelashes by traction &#8211; selecting those presenting cylindrical dandruff&#44; disorders in their arrangement &#40;trichiasis&#44; madarosis&#41; and those easily detaching from the palpebral edge &#8211; has the advantage of being a simple and efficient method with minimal discomfort for the patient&#46; Additionally&#44; it optimizes the quality of the sample for microscopic examination&#44; allowing a definitive diagnosis and adequate treatment<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRefs" href="#bib0075"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">2&#44;10</span></a>&#46; A higher prevalence of mite presence was observed in patients with chronic blepharitis during the hot&#47;warm months&#46; This factor should be taken into account upon suspicion of this disease&#46;</p><p id="par0130" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Our results show a high prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in patients older than 60 years old with symptoms of chronic blepharitis not associated with other infectious diseases&#46; The relevance of a definitive diagnosis in this population is highlighted by carrying out a parasitological examination of the eyelashes &#40;Rapitest&#41;&#44; a technique that allows an adequate treatment and the improvement of the patients&#8217; quality of life<a class="elsevierStyleCrossRef" href="#bib0130"><span class="elsevierStyleSup">13</span></a>&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0030" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0055">Ethical disclosure</span><span id="sec0035" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0060">Protection of individuals and animals</span><p id="par0135" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that no experiments have been performed on humans or animals for this research&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0040" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0065">Data confidentiality</span><p id="par0140" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed their institutional policy on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0045" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0070">Right to privacy and informed consent</span><p id="par0145" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare that they have followed their institutional policy on the publication of patient data&#46;</p></span></span><span id="sec0050" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0075">Funding</span><p id="par0150" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">This research has not received specific aids from public sector agencies&#44; the commercial sector or non-profit entities&#46;</p></span><span id="sec0055" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><span class="elsevierStyleSectionTitle" id="sect0080">Conflict of interest</span><p id="par0155" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">The authors declare no conflicts of interest&#46;</p></span></span>"
    "textoCompletoSecciones" => array:1 [
      "secciones" => array:13 [
        0 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2109219"
          "titulo" => "Highlights"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0005"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        1 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2109220"
          "titulo" => "Abstract"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0010"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        2 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796968"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
        ]
        3 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "xres2109218"
          "titulo" => "Resumen"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:1 [
              "identificador" => "abst0015"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        4 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796969"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
        ]
        5 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0005"
          "titulo" => "Introduction"
        ]
        6 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0010"
          "titulo" => "Materials and methods"
          "secciones" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0015"
              "titulo" => "Statistical analysis"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        7 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0020"
          "titulo" => "Results"
        ]
        8 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0025"
          "titulo" => "Discussion"
        ]
        9 => array:3 [
          "identificador" => "sec0030"
          "titulo" => "Ethical disclosure"
          "secciones" => array:3 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0035"
              "titulo" => "Protection of individuals and animals"
            ]
            1 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0040"
              "titulo" => "Data confidentiality"
            ]
            2 => array:2 [
              "identificador" => "sec0045"
              "titulo" => "Right to privacy and informed consent"
            ]
          ]
        ]
        10 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0050"
          "titulo" => "Funding"
        ]
        11 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "sec0055"
          "titulo" => "Conflict of interest"
        ]
        12 => array:1 [
          "titulo" => "References"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "pdfFichero" => "main.pdf"
    "tienePdf" => true
    "fechaRecibido" => "2022-10-25"
    "fechaAceptado" => "2023-05-25"
    "PalabrasClave" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Keywords"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796968"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;"
            1 => "Chronic blepharitis"
            2 => "Dry eye"
            3 => "Eye pruritus"
            4 => "Meibomitis"
            5 => "Ectoparasites"
          ]
        ]
      ]
      "es" => array:1 [
        0 => array:4 [
          "clase" => "keyword"
          "titulo" => "Palabras clave"
          "identificador" => "xpalclavsec1796969"
          "palabras" => array:6 [
            0 => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;"
            1 => "Blefaritis cr&#243;nica"
            2 => "Ojo seco"
            3 => "Prurito ocular"
            4 => "Meibomitis"
            5 => "Ectopar&#225;sitos"
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "tieneResumen" => true
    "highlights" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Highlights"
      "resumen" => "<span id="abst0005" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0075" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall"><ul class="elsevierStyleList" id="lis0015"><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0005"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0005" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">High prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; blepharitis in patients older than 60 years old&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0010"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0010" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Meibomitis&#44; dandruff&#44; itching&#44; epiphora were associated with blepharitis by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;</p></li><li class="elsevierStyleListItem" id="lsti0015"><span class="elsevierStyleLabel">&#8226;</span><p id="par0015" class="elsevierStylePara elsevierViewall">Diagnosis of blepharitis by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; allows for an adequate treatment&#46;</p></li></ul></p></span>"
    ]
    "resumen" => array:2 [
      "en" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Abstract"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0010" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0010" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Blepharitis is a very common disease in ophthalmology&#44; dermatology and allergy practice&#46; It generally follows a chronic course and is frequently associated with objective and&#47;or subjective symptoms such as epiphora&#44; red eye&#44; dandruff&#44; gritty sensation&#44; itching&#44; burning&#44; photophobia&#44; and blurred vision&#46; The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis&#46; An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in the period between 2016 and 2020&#46; All patients with symptoms of chronic blepharitis who underwent a parasitological test of eyelashes &#40;Rapitest&#41; in the Dermatology Department of the <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires</span> were included&#46; Those with previously established blepharitis due to another infectious cause were excluded&#46; We analyzed 972 patients&#46; Sixty percent &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>585&#41; underwent a positive Rapitest for the presence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; Seventy five percent &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>728&#41; were women&#46; There were no significant differences in the prevalence associated with sex &#40;<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span><span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#46;38&#41;&#46; Among the patients positive for <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;&#44; 65&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>628&#41; were older than 60 years old&#46; The most frequently associated symptom was itching&#44; present in 35&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>342&#41;&#46; A statistically significant decrease in the number of consultations was observed during the cold months of the year &#40;May&#8211;June&#8211;July&#8211;August&#41;&#46; Our results show a high prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; in patients with chronic blepharitis&#46; As its presence reveals a direct association with age&#44; we recommend looking for this parasite in this age group&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
      "es" => array:2 [
        "titulo" => "Resumen"
        "resumen" => "<span id="abst0015" class="elsevierStyleSection elsevierViewall"><p id="spar0035" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">La blefaritis es una enfermedad muy frecuente en la consulta de oftalmolog&#237;a&#44; dermatolog&#237;a y alergia&#46; Generalmente&#44; esta afecci&#243;n es de evoluci&#243;n cr&#243;nica y&#44; a menudo&#44; se asocia con s&#237;ntomas objetivos o subjetivos referidos por el paciente&#44; como ep&#237;fora&#44; ojo rojo&#44; caspa&#44; sensaci&#243;n de arenilla&#44; prurito&#44; ardor&#44; fotofobia y visi&#243;n borrosa&#46; El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar la prevalencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; en pacientes con s&#237;ntomas de blefaritis cr&#243;nica&#46; Se realiz&#243; un estudio anal&#237;tico de corte transversal en el per&#237;odo comprendido entre 2016 y 2020&#46; Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con s&#237;ntomas de blefaritis cr&#243;nica que realizaron el estudio parasitol&#243;gico de pesta&#241;as &#40;Rapitest&#41; en el Servicio de Dermatolog&#237;a del <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires</span>&#46; Se excluyeron aquellos con blefaritis previamente establecida por otra causa infecciosa&#46; El n&#250;mero total de pacientes incluidos fue de 972&#44; el 60&#37; de ellos &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>585&#41; presentaron Rapitest positivo para la presencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; El 75&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>728&#41; fueron mujeres&#46; No hubo diferencias significativas en la prevalencia asociada al sexo &#40;p<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>0&#44;38&#41;&#46; Entre los pacientes en los que se detect&#243; <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46;&#44; el 65&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>628&#41; eran mayores de 60 a&#241;os&#44; y el s&#237;ntoma asociado con mayor frecuencia fue el prurito&#44; presente en un 35&#37; &#40;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>342&#41;&#46; Se observ&#243; una disminuci&#243;n estad&#237;sticamente significativa en el n&#250;mero de consultas durante los meses m&#225;s fr&#237;os del a&#241;o &#40;mayo-junio-julio-agosto&#41;&#46; Los resultados del presente estudio evidencian una alta prevalencia de <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; en pacientes con blefaritis cr&#243;nica&#46; El hallazgo de este agente tuvo una relaci&#243;n directa con la edad mayor de 60 a&#241;os&#44; por lo que sugerimos su b&#250;squeda en este grupo etario&#46;</p></span>"
      ]
    ]
    "multimedia" => array:3 [
      0 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr1.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 589
            "Ancho" => 755
            "Tamanyo" => 85726
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0060" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microscope photography of an epilated eyelash showing adult <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span> &#40;100&#215;&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      1 => array:7 [
        "identificador" => "fig0010"
        "etiqueta" => "Figure 2"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIAFIGURA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "figura" => array:1 [
          0 => array:4 [
            "imagen" => "gr2.jpeg"
            "Alto" => 599
            "Ancho" => 755
            "Tamanyo" => 100363
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0065" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Microscope photography of epilated eyelashes showing adults and eggs of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span> &#40;100&#215;&#41;&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
      2 => array:8 [
        "identificador" => "tbl0005"
        "etiqueta" => "Table 1"
        "tipo" => "MULTIMEDIATABLA"
        "mostrarFloat" => true
        "mostrarDisplay" => false
        "detalles" => array:1 [
          0 => array:3 [
            "identificador" => "at1"
            "detalle" => "Table "
            "rol" => "short"
          ]
        ]
        "tabla" => array:1 [
          "tablatextoimagen" => array:1 [
            0 => array:2 [
              "tabla" => array:1 [
                0 => """
                  <table border="0" frame="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\tvoid\n
                  \t\t\t\t" class=""><thead title="thead"><tr title="table-row"><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Clinical attributes&#44; signs and symptoms of the assessed patientsn<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>972 &#40;100&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rapitest &#40;&#8722;&#41;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>387 &#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black">Rapitest &#40;&#43;&#41;n<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>&#61;<span class="elsevierStyleHsp" style=""></span>585 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th><th class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-head\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="center" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t" scope="col" style="border-bottom: 2px solid black"><span class="elsevierStyleItalic">p</span>-Value&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t\t\t</th></tr></thead><tbody title="tbody"><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Female728 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">284 &#40;39&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">444 &#40;61&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;380&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60&#43; years old628 &#40;65&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">217 &#40;35&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">411 &#40;65&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Red eye151 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">91 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;076&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Blurred vision20 &#40;2&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">12 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;079&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Meibomitis202 &#40;21&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;30&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">142 &#40;70&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Epiphora199 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">77 &#40;39&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">122 &#40;61&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;099&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Gritty sensation in the eyes259 &#40;27&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">99 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">160 &#40;80&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;074&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Photophobia10 &#40;1&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">2 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">8 &#40;80&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;047&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Itching342 &#40;35&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">138 &#40;40&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">204 &#40;60&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;074&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Soreness143 &#40;15&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;42&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">83 &#40;58&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;054&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Cylindrical dandruff160 &#40;16&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">40 &#40;25&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">120 &#40;75&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">&#60;0&#46;001&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Oily skin&#47;seborrheic dermatitis88 &#40;9&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">37 &#40;42&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">51 &#40;58&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;88&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " colspan="4" align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t"><span class="elsevierStyleVsp" style="height:0.5px"></span></td></tr><tr title="table-row"><td class="td-with-role" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t ; entry_with_role_rowhead " align="left" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">Rosacea191 &#40;20&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">60 &#40;31&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">131 &#40;69&#37;&#41;&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td><td class="td" title="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttable-entry\n
                  \t\t\t\t  " align="char" valign="\n
                  \t\t\t\t\ttop\n
                  \t\t\t\t">0&#46;030&nbsp;\t\t\t\t\t\t\n
                  \t\t\t\t</td></tr></tbody></table>
                  """
              ]
              "imagenFichero" => array:1 [
                0 => "xTab3489001.png"
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
        "descripcion" => array:1 [
          "en" => "<p id="spar0070" class="elsevierStyleSimplePara elsevierViewall">Clinical attributes&#44; signs&#44; and symptoms of patients with chronic blepharitis and parasitological study of eyelashes&#46;</p>"
        ]
      ]
    ]
    "bibliografia" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "References"
      "seccion" => array:1 [
        0 => array:2 [
          "identificador" => "bibs0015"
          "bibliografiaReferencia" => array:13 [
            0 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0070"
              "etiqueta" => "1"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Blepharitis caused by <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span>"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "M&#46; Demirkaz&#305;k"
                            1 => "&#304;&#46;S&#46; Kolta&#351;"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4274/tpd.galenos.2019.6476"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Turkiye Parazitol Derg"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "44"
                        "paginaInicial" => "21"
                        "paginaFinal" => "24"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32212585"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            1 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0075"
              "etiqueta" => "2"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> blepharitis&#58; clinical perspectives"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "S&#46;R&#46; Fromstein"
                            1 => "J&#46;S&#46; Harthan"
                            2 => "J&#46; Patel"
                            3 => "D&#46;L&#46; Opitz"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Optom"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "10"
                        "paginaInicial" => "57"
                        "paginaFinal" => "63"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            2 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0080"
              "etiqueta" => "3"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de infecci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span> en pacientes que acuden a consulta general de oftalmolog&#237;a"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:4 [
                            0 => "V&#46; Galvis-Ram&#237;rez"
                            1 => "A&#46; Tello-Hern&#225;ndez"
                            2 => "L&#46; &#193;lvarez-Osorio"
                            3 => "J&#46;J&#46; Rey-Serrano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Salud P&#250;blica"
                        "fecha" => "2011"
                        "volumen" => "13"
                        "paginaInicial" => "990"
                        "paginaFinal" => "997"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            3 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0085"
              "etiqueta" => "4"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Development and evaluation of a measure of patient-reported symptoms of blepharitis"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "K&#46; Hosseini"
                            1 => "L&#46;B&#46; Bourque"
                            2 => "R&#46;D&#46; Hays"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1186/s12955-018-0839-5"
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Health Qual Life Outcomes"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "11"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29325546"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            4 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0090"
              "etiqueta" => "5"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "<span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; en pacientes con blefaritis cr&#243;nica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Laspina"
                            1 => "M&#46; Samudio"
                            2 => "M&#46; Arr&#250;a"
                            3 => "R&#46; Sanabria"
                            4 => "N&#46; Fari&#241;a"
                            5 => "L&#46; Carpinell"
                            6 => "D&#46; Cibils"
                            7 => "H&#46; Mino de Kaspar"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.4067/S0716-10182015000200008"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Chilena Infectol"
                        "fecha" => "2015"
                        "volumen" => "32"
                        "paginaInicial" => "37"
                        "paginaFinal" => "42"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25860042"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            5 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0095"
              "etiqueta" => "6"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Alta prevalencia de infestaci&#243;n por <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> spp&#46; en pacientes con blefaritis posterior&#58; correlaci&#243;n con edad y caspa cil&#237;ndrica"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:8 [
                            0 => "D&#46; L&#243;pez-Ponce"
                            1 => "F&#46; Zuazo"
                            2 => "C&#46; Cartes"
                            3 => "D&#46; Salinas-Toro"
                            4 => "C&#46; P&#233;rez-Valenzuela"
                            5 => "F&#46; Valenzuela"
                            6 => "L&#46; Traipe-Castro"
                            7 => "R&#46;O&#46; L&#243;pez-Sol&#237;s"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.oftal.2017.01.001"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "92"
                        "paginaInicial" => "412"
                        "paginaFinal" => "418"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28552438"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            6 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0100"
              "etiqueta" => "7"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "&#193;caros del g&#233;nero <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span>&#58; &#191;par&#225;sitos colonizadores de personas sanas o asociados a patolog&#237;a ocular&#63;"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "F&#46; Mongi"
                            1 => "L&#46; Laconte"
                            2 => "R&#46;D&#46; Casero"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1016/j.ram.2017.09.002"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev Argent Microbiol"
                        "fecha" => "2018"
                        "volumen" => "50"
                        "paginaInicial" => "369"
                        "paginaFinal" => "373"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29426737"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            7 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0105"
              "etiqueta" => "8"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ocular <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span>&#58; prevalence and associated symptoms in an Irish population"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "O&#46; Murphy"
                            1 => "V&#46; O&#8217;Dwyer"
                            2 => "A&#46; Lloyd-McKernan"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1007/s10792-018-0826-1"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Int Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "39"
                        "paginaInicial" => "405"
                        "paginaFinal" => "417"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29380184"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            8 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0110"
              "etiqueta" => "9"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence and density of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex brevis</span> &#40;Acari&#58; Demodicidae&#41; in Erzincan Province"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:3 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Tilki"
                            1 => "E&#46; Zeytun"
                            2 => "S&#46; Do&#287;an"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.5152/tpd.2017.5156"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Turkiye Parazitol Derg"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "41"
                        "paginaInicial" => "80"
                        "paginaFinal" => "86"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28695830"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            9 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0115"
              "etiqueta" => "10"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "The prevalence of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span> blepharitis in US eye care clinic patients as determined by collarettes&#58; a pathognomonic sign"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:7 [
                            0 => "W&#46; Trattler"
                            1 => "P&#46; Karpecki"
                            2 => "Y&#46; Rapoport"
                            3 => "E&#46; Sadri"
                            4 => "S&#46; Schachter"
                            5 => "W&#46;O&#46; Whitley"
                            6 => "E&#46; Yeu"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.2147/OPTH.S354692"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Clin Ophthalmol"
                        "fecha" => "2022"
                        "volumen" => "16"
                        "paginaInicial" => "1153"
                        "paginaFinal" => "1164"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35449733"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            10 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0120"
              "etiqueta" => "11"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalencia de demodicosis periocular en el Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:6 [
                            0 => "L&#46;A&#46; Velasco"
                            1 => "E&#46;T&#46; Villase&#241;or-Fierro"
                            2 => "L&#46;R&#46; Saucedo-Rodriguez"
                            3 => "C&#46;I&#46; Apreza-Gonz&#225;lez"
                            4 => "R&#46; De la Rosa-Bibiano"
                            5 => "E&#46;D&#46; Rubio-Arellano"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:1 [
                      "Revista" => array:5 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Rev M&#233;d MD"
                        "fecha" => "2017"
                        "volumen" => "8&#46;9"
                        "paginaInicial" => "51"
                        "paginaFinal" => "56"
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            11 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0125"
              "etiqueta" => "12"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Prevalence and load of <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex folliculorum</span> and <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex brevis</span> &#40;Acari&#58; Demodicidae&#41; in patients with chronic blepharitis in the province of Erzincan&#44; Turkey"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:2 [
                            0 => "E&#46; Zeytun"
                            1 => "Y&#46; Karakurt"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1093/jme/tjy143"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "J Med Entomol"
                        "fecha" => "2019"
                        "volumen" => "56"
                        "paginaInicial" => "2"
                        "paginaFinal" => "9"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30137440"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
            12 => array:3 [
              "identificador" => "bib0130"
              "etiqueta" => "13"
              "referencia" => array:1 [
                0 => array:2 [
                  "contribucion" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "titulo" => "Ocular <span class="elsevierStyleItalic">Demodex</span>&#58; a systematic review of the clinical literature"
                      "autores" => array:1 [
                        0 => array:2 [
                          "etal" => false
                          "autores" => array:5 [
                            0 => "A&#46;C&#46; Zhang"
                            1 => "A&#46; Muntz"
                            2 => "M&#46;T&#46;M&#46; Wang"
                            3 => "J&#46;P&#46; Craig"
                            4 => "L&#46;E&#46; Downie"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                  "host" => array:1 [
                    0 => array:2 [
                      "doi" => "10.1111/opo.12691"
                      "Revista" => array:6 [
                        "tituloSerie" => "Ophthalmic Physiol Opt"
                        "fecha" => "2020"
                        "volumen" => "40"
                        "paginaInicial" => "389"
                        "paginaFinal" => "432"
                        "link" => array:1 [
                          0 => array:2 [
                            "url" => "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/32691894"
                            "web" => "Medline"
                          ]
                        ]
                      ]
                    ]
                  ]
                ]
              ]
            ]
          ]
        ]
      ]
    ]
  ]
  "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  "url" => "/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S032575412300055X/v1_202403171031/en/main.assets"
  "Apartado" => array:4 [
    "identificador" => "37861"
    "tipo" => "SECCION"
    "en" => array:2 [
      "titulo" => "Microbiolog&#237;a cl&#237;nica y enfermedades infecciosas"
      "idiomaDefecto" => true
    ]
    "idiomaDefecto" => "en"
  ]
  "PDF" => "https://static.elsevier.es/multimedia/03257541/0000005600000001/v1_202403171031/S032575412300055X/v1_202403171031/en/main.pdf?idApp=UINPBA00004N&text.app=https://www.elsevier.es/"
  "EPUB" => "https://multimedia.elsevier.es/PublicationsMultimediaV1/item/epub/S032575412300055X?idApp=UINPBA00004N"
]

Article information

ISSN: 03257541
Original language: English

DOI:10.1016/j.ram.2023.05.005

The statistics are updated each day

Year/Month	Html	Pdf	Total

2024 November	1	0	1
2024 October	47	19	66
2024 September	52	13	65
2024 August	43	24	67
2024 July	39	6	45
2024 June	29	8	37
2024 May	41	10	51
2024 April	46	19	65
2024 March	37	6	43
2024 February	20	5	25
2024 January	15	6	21
2023 December	9	7	16
2023 November	15	5	20
2023 October	10	7	17
2023 September	17	3	20
2023 August	29	30	59

Show all

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Indexed in:

Follow us:

Statistics

Subscribe to our newsletter